Where is the temperate zone. temperate zones of the earth. Humidity and its fluctuations
The temperate climatic zone is one of the widest and covers the territories of our planet lying between the 40th and 60th parallels in the northern and southern hemispheres.
Moreover, in the north, the zone of this belt extends to the 65th parallel, and in the south it is reduced to approximately 58th parallel. Towards the poles of the earth it borders on the subantarctic and subarctic belts, towards the equator - on the subtropical.
Characteristics of the temperate climate zone
A moderate air mass is distributed throughout the belt, which is characterized by high humidity and low atmospheric pressure. The air temperature always changes depending on the season, and therefore the seasons in the temperate zone are clearly defined: winter is snowy and frosty, spring is bright and green, summer is hot and hot, and autumn is golden with heavy rains and winds. average temperature winter in temperate latitudes drops to 0 °C, in summer it rarely rises above +15, +20 °C. The average annual rainfall is 500-800mm.
Depending on the proximity of the oceans, the climate in temperate latitudes is divided into 4 types:
- Nautical- this climate is formed over the oceans and covers the coastal areas of the land. Winters are mild, summers are not hot, there is a lot of precipitation and high humidity.
- monsoonal- this type of climate is rarely found in temperate latitudes, as it is more typical for the tropics and subtropics. The weather in these areas is very dependent on the circulation of seasonal winds - monsoons.
- sharp continental- such a climate is typical for areas located at a considerable distance from the oceans. Winters in these parts of the land are very cold, frosty, often at the limit of the cold pole. Summer is short and not hot. In the warm season, more precipitation falls than in winter.
Temperature values
(averaged, approximate for a temperate climate zone)
- Region maritime climate: July +12 °С +16 °С, January 0 °С +4 °С.
- Continental climate area: July +18 °С +24 °С, January -6 °С -20 °С.
- Region of temperate continental climate: July +15 °С +17 °С, January 0 °С -8°С.
By the way, this type of climate is not found in the southern hemisphere, since there are practically no land areas in temperate latitudes.
- temperate continental- one of the most stable types of climate. It is distributed on all land areas that are located relatively far from the oceans and the sea. Summers are always hot here, winters are frosty, and there is little rainfall. One of the main features of this type of climate is strong winds, dust storms and light cloud cover.
Natural zones of the temperate climate zone
In temperate latitudes, three main types of natural zones are distinguished: forests, forest-steppes and arid zones.
Forests
Taiga— woodlands, which are dominated by conifers trees. Lots of swamps. This natural zone covers the northern part of Siberia and continental regions Canada. Taiga is found in Scandinavia and Finland, but in the southern hemisphere it is absent as a separate natural zone.
mixed forests. In such forests, coniferous trees grow next to broad-leaved trees. This natural zone is distributed over most of Eurasia: in Scandinavia, the Carpathians, the Caucasus, in the middle strip of the East European and West Siberian plains, in the Far East. On the American continent, it is found in the Great Lakes region of California. In the southern hemisphere covers a large part South America and New Zealand.
broadleaf forests. This natural zone is typical for temperate latitudes with a humid and moderately humid climate. The zone occupies most of Europe, stretches through the United States, meets in East Asia. In the southern hemisphere, affects southern Chile and New Zealand.
Forest-steppe- characteristic of temperate latitudes with a temperate continental climate.
ocean grasslands- land areas dominated by cereals and forbs. The climate is cool. This natural zone covers coastal land areas and islands in temperate latitudes between approximately 50 and 56 parallels. In the northern hemisphere - this is the zone of the Commander, Aleutian Islands, Alaska, Kamchatka, the south of Greenland, Scandinavia and Iceland. In the southern hemisphere - Falkland, Shetland Islands.
arid zones
Steppes- a natural zone that encircles all continents (except Australia and Antarctica) on the borders of a temperate continental and sharply continental climate. In Eurasia, these are the vast steppes of Russia, Kazakhstan, Mongolia; in America, the prairies of Canada and the USA; in South America, Chile and Argentina.
semi-deserts. This natural area is characterized by the absence of forests and specific vegetation. In the northern hemisphere, they cover the east of Eurasia, the Caspian lowland, and extend as far as China. IN North America common in the western United States. In the southern hemisphere, they cover small areas in the south of South America.
desert- the last natural zone of the temperate zone, which covers flat areas with a sharp continental climate. Distributed in Asia, in the western regions of North America, in Patagonia.
Temperate countries
(Map of the Earth's climatic zones, click on the image to enlarge)
The temperate climate zone covers most of Eurasia and America, so there are a lot of countries that exist in this climate zone.
In the northern hemisphere:
North America: Canada, USA.
Europe: Georgia, Armenia, Azerbaijan, northern Turkey and Spain, Italy, France, Great Britain, Ireland, Belgium, Netherlands, Germany, Switzerland, Austria, Albania, Macedonia, Romania, Bulgaria, Serbia and Montenegro, Hungary, Czech Republic, Slovakia, Poland, Ukraine, Belarus, Croatia, Lithuania, Denmark, Latvia, Estonia, south of Sweden and Norway.
Asia: part of Russia, Kazakhstan, Mongolia, Uzbekistan, Turkmenistan, Kyrgyzstan, northern China and Japan, North Korea.
In the southern hemisphere:
South America: southern Argentina, Chile.
French south polar territories
O. Tasmania
New Zealand (South Island)
The territory of the temperate climate zone in Russia
The temperate climatic zone occupies most of Russia, therefore, all types of climate characteristic of these latitudes are represented here: from sharply continental to monsoonal and maritime. This zone includes most of the European part of the country, all of Siberia, the East European Plain, Caspian lowland And Far East.
The temperate zone is common name a region of the planet that extends between 40-70° north latitude and 40-55° south latitude of the globe.
This part of the Earth has a temperate climate, which is characterized by frequent weather changes, cyclones, atmospheric pressure, variable winds and uneven temperatures in different time year and even one season.
The main difference between the temperate zone is that there are clear temperature boundaries between different seasons. Based on temperature, differences are observed in the animal world, climate features, hydrological processes, etc.
Here in winter the temperature drops below zero, in summer it rises to significant values up to +20 and even more, it constantly rains, cyclones are observed. The temperature in January can reach -30 degrees Celsius, and the temperature in July - +35 and above.
Such sharp and significant fluctuations cause many interesting features biological processes, a variety of plant forms and much more.
Characteristics of the temperate climate zone
Seasons of the temperate zone are usually divided into main and intermediate. Winter and summer belong to the former, spring and autumn to the latter. The temperature in winter, as well as the temperature in summer, can differ significantly, as well as the behavior of animals.
The considered belt in the Northern Hemisphere is occupied by land by about 50%.
For the Southern Hemisphere, the situation is completely different - here, almost 98% of the belt's territory falls on endless expanses of water. An important difference between this climatic region is the presence of a moderate air mass, characterized by a high level of humidity and a fairly low pressure.
The temperature changes significantly, so each season of the year stands out very significantly: winters are frosty, summers are hot and sultry, prevailing winds are noticeable in autumn, and spring is distinguished by greenery and bright colors.
The climate in temperate latitudes depends on the proximity to the ocean, the amount of precipitation in the countries of this zone also differs, but in general it has common trends.
Temperate countries can have the following climates:
- Monsoon. It is quite rare, as it characterizes mainly the tropics. Monsoon winds influence the weather here.
- Nautical. Is different elevated levels humidity, mild weather without pronounced heat. Covers coastal territories and countries located near the oceans, for example, Britain.
- Sharply continental. It is observed in areas remote from the oceans. Winters here are especially cold and dry, and summers are rather fleeting and are characterized by a large amount of precipitation.
The temperate zone is characterized by a precipitation level of 500-800 mm per year. There are many natural areas, a wide variety of wildlife.
Geographical position
As already mentioned above, the belt in question is between 40-70° when looking at the north latitude, and 40-55° for the south latitude.
Climatic zones of the Earth (click to enlarge)
Some small deviations are possible, but they do not play a significant role, since there are always territories where different types climate.
Such areas are characterized by phenomena that can manifest themselves both in the temperate zone and in the tropics or at the pole, depending on which area is considered.
A great influence on the climate is exerted not only by winds, such as monsoons, but also ocean currents(for example, the Gulf Stream). Due to their action, the temperate zone in different parts of the world can be larger or smaller. For example, in Russia it is much wider than in the United States.
Climate
In addition to the climate options mentioned above, such as maritime, monsoonal and sharply continental, the differences between which are mainly in remoteness from the oceans and areas of high winds, there is also a temperate continental climate. It is located in those areas that are far from the seas and oceans.
As the name implies, this is the best option for weather conditions. It is cold here in winter, hot in summer, relatively small clouds and strong winds prevail.
Each climate option is good in its own way and allows many aspects of nature to open up, gives strength to the representatives of the animal world to produce offspring, provokes vegetation to grow.
It is worth noting: it is in the temperate zone that the largest reserves fresh water, minimal problems with its production, optimal conditions for agriculture.
Precipitation regime
The considered natural region has its own differences in the amount of precipitation.
In the area of the monsoon climate, from the side of the ocean, high pressures act in the atmosphere, which in summer, together with the corresponding temperature, provoke heavy precipitation, about 20 times more than in winter.
Eurasia and North America have arid zones and large deserts, but are generally characterized by anticyclonic weather. It has very hot summers and cold winters.
On the coasts of the seas and oceans, there are monsoons, which can sometimes cause quite a sharp warming.
If we talk about the annual amount of precipitation, then on average in any type of climate in the temperate zone they are 500-800 mm per year.
natural areas
In the nature of the area under consideration, the following types of natural zones are distinguished:
- Forests. This is a broad concept, which in different regions is embodied in the form of:
- taiga, where mostly coniferous trees grow;
- mixed forest, in which, along with needles, there are also broad-leaved species;
- deciduous forests, as well as forest-steppe and oceanic meadows;
- arid zones, which means steppes, semi-deserts and deserts, where vegetable world extremely scarce.
In general, there is great diversity in this issue.
temperate states
The temperate belt covers most of the landmasses of America, Europe, Russia, and Asia.
It includes a large number of countries, including:
- In the northern hemisphere: Canada, USA, European countries, Ukraine, Poland, Romania, Belarus and others. From Asian countries these are Uzbekistan, Mongolia, the northern part of China, the DPRK.
- In the eastern hemisphere, the list is smaller: Argentina, Chile, New Zealand in part, as well as the island of Tasmania.
Animals and plants
Almost all living things that can be found on the planet live on the territory of these countries. Unless you can meet Arctic penguins here.
Since a huge number of countries, taiga, deserts fall into the temperate zone, there is almost everything here. The same applies to the plant world.
Of course, there are some exotic types of plants and animals that are found only in Africa or Australia, but in general, everything is here.
Description of the temperate zone of Russia
Most of Russia falls into the temperate zone. The desert here is an almost unprecedented phenomenon, but everything else is in abundance.
In the taiga, mainly needles grow, bears, deer and even tigers are found. A wolf, a fox, wild boars, hares, squirrels, roe deer and many others live here.
All types of climate, from maritime to sharply continental, are present on the vast territory of Russia. The entire region falls within the temperate zone European part countries, Siberia, the boundless East European Plain, as well as the Caspian region and the Far East.
Here is the basic information you should know about the most pleasant temperate zone on our planet. Here, the optimal pressure, temperature, measured winds, abundance of flora and fauna, there are no problems with drinking water and pleasant temperatures.
Published: 08.04.2018 Category: Author's essay
Russia is vast and multifaceted: it is located in two parts of the world at once (Europe and Asia). Due to its large size, it is located in several climatic zones. Climatic features are formed under the influence of many factors, which include temperature indicators, air humidity, the amount of solar heat and the movement of air masses. The following climatic zones of Russia are distinguished: arctic, subarctic, temperate and subtropical.
arctic belt
The Arctic climatic zone of Russia is characterized by the influence of Arctic air masses all year round, little sun, long, frosty winters, little rainfall and no summer. The average winter t is -30-35 degrees. In summer, t rises slightly above 0 degrees. In winter, the polar night dominates, at this time the surface of the earth does not warm up. In the summer under the action sun rays snow is melting. Proximity to the sea determines the temperature in a particular region with an arctic climate. So in January on the islands t is -25-30 degrees, and on the mainland -35 degrees.
Zone of influence arctic climate: islands and coast of the Arctic Ocean (Siberia). natural area this region is the tundra.
Recreation features
The population of the northern regions is small, but people live here too. Tourists are attracted unique nature, ice, extreme. IN last years educational tourism is developing here.
Currently, in the Arctic, you can cruise on an icebreaker to the North Pole, see polar bears, feel the piercing frost, and experience harsh conditions. As part of the trip, tourists will be offered an excursion on a sailboat, dog sledding, skiing. Few will dare such a trip, and it will not be cheap, but the Arctic is worth visiting.
Especially lucky tourists can witness the northern lights - a unique, beautiful phenomenon that can be seen in the Arctic. It's hard to keep him the best period for this phenomenon, the period from September to March is considered.
In addition, you can feel and feel the polar night, at this time the sun does not appear at all. The polar night can last from one day to six months in different places.
Here you can also see unique animals and birds that live in the northern regions - seals, arctic foxes, walruses, snowy owls and others.
subarctic belt
The map of the climatic zones of Russia shows that the subarctic climatic zone occupies a zone located in the north of the western part of Russia and reaches 60 ° north latitude. in the Siberian part of the country. The subarctic includes the northern zone of Eastern Siberia, the Far East, and some islands in the Barents Sea.
The weather in this type of climate is less severe than in the Arctic, especially in summer. Winters here are long, frosty, with piercing winds and snowfalls, t varies from -10 to -48 depending on the region.
Summer is warmer than arctic. The average t in July, which is the warmest month of the year, varies from +4 to +12 depending on the area. Frosts are also possible in summer.
weather in winter time year depends on the influence of cold arctic air, in summer it is controlled by moderate air masses. There is much more precipitation here than in the neighboring Arctic. The subarctic belt is characterized by swampy terrain, the reason for this is frequent precipitation, which does not evaporate due to lack of sun.
Recreation features
Climatic zones in Russia have their own characteristics of recreation. The harsh winter of the Subarctic will be attractive to few: freezing frost, blizzard, heavy snowfalls. Daring tourists can go snowmobiling, skiing, sledding, snowboarding and skiing, become a member of various relay races. Summer is a great time to go to the forest for mushrooms and berries, go fishing, visit nature reserves, visit lakes.
The territory of the subarctic is not very inhabited. But even in this climate there are large cities - Norilsk, Anadyr, Murmansk, Yakutsk, Oymyakon and others. Within the cities, you can visit theaters, cinemas, museums and other attractions. In the summer, take a walk in the parks or streets, see monuments and sculptures.
The subarctic is mainly tundra and forest-tundra, wetlands. The vegetation in this area is dwarf trees and shrubs, mosses and lichens, some types of berries (cloudberry, bearberry). Reindeer, foxes, wolves live in the subarctic climate. Look at wildlife The subarctic can be accompanied by experienced, knowledgeable people.
temperate climate zone
The temperate climate zone (TCZ) occupies most of Russia. The climatic zones of Russia are distinguished by weather phenomena: the action of air masses, the presence of the sun and the degree of heat. The UKP corresponds to the influence of atmospheric masses from the temperate zones. In winter, there is little sun, it is cold; in summer it is quite warm, with sufficient sun and rainfall.
The map of climatic zones of Russia in the temperate zone is divided into four types of climate. The clear boundaries of the climatic zones of Russia can be seen on the map, here you can also see the division of the temperate zone by climate types.
temperate continental climate
The temperate continental climate (MCC) is typical for the west of Russia. The map of climatic zones of Russia shows that this type of climate is characteristic of cities: St. Petersburg, Moscow, Kazan, Volgograd and others.
Distinctive features of the UKK are long cold winters and summers, with enough heat and sun. The atmospheric masses of the Atlantic influence the nature of the weather. Sunny weather and clear skies, windiness are phenomena characteristic of this type of climate.
The amount of precipitation varies: in the northern regions - excess, in the central territory - the norm, in the southern part - lack. The t bar also differs in the north and south. In winter, in the northern regions, the average t is -6 degrees, to the south -11 degrees. In summer, the average t in the north is +12 degrees, in the south +24 degrees. Thaws are possible in winter and spring.
Recreation features
The climatic zones of Russia influence the peculiarities of recreation in the regions. In the European part of Russia, where the UKC dominates, a large number of large cities and the capital, Moscow, are concentrated. They represent a variety of recreation for residents and tourists, ranging from visiting museums and restaurants to various festivals and festivities. But many are interested in where to spend time in nature.
At any time of the year, in the city or outside the city, you can relax in a boarding house or sanatorium, which is enough in this region. Here, in addition to treatment, tourists will rest, breathe fresh air and change the situation.
The unique healing lake Elton in the Volgograd region will attract the attention of those who have decided to restore their health. The picturesque Lake Seliger in the Tver region is a famous place for recreation and various festivals. Golden ring- one of the most popular Russian routes, where you can see the creations of human hands: white-stone monasteries, churches. northern capital St. Petersburg will conquer with white nights and drawbridges.
Karelia is an ecologically clean place, tourists come here for a breath of fresh air, picturesque nature, here you can see the cleanest transparent lakes.
Cruises along the boundless Volga will be of interest to those who want to see several cities of the Volga region at once, unusual landscapes.
All climatic zones of Russia are interesting in their own way, in the UKK special attention should be paid to architectural monuments and natural attractions.
continental climate
Due to the lesser influence of the Atlantic in areas where the continental climate (CC) dominates, there is less precipitation, more frosty winters and significant fluctuations in t. Average t in January is -28 degrees, +15 degrees in summer. The amount of precipitation in the north is greater (600 mm) than in the south (400 mm).
The climatic zones of Russia include the territory on which cities and uninhabited lands are located. The KK zone includes the central and southern parts of Western Siberia: the cities of Tobolsk, Omsk, Kemerovo, Novosibirsk, Krasnoyarsk, and Barnaul.
Recreation features
The territory under the authority of the KK is rich in natural attractions.
It is here that the Altai Republic is located, where they rest both in summer and in winter. Summer vacation in Altai is one of the most popular destinations in Russia. Picturesque, pristine nature, active entertainment, horseback riding, excursions to caves, rafting on rough mountain rivers - all this can be obtained as part of a trip to Altai.
The world's largest swamp (Vasyugan) is located on the territory of the Novosibirsk, Tomsk and Omsk regions. In Krasnoyarsk, you can visit the Stolby nature reserve in the Eastern Sayan Mountains.
The largest ski resort with many prepared trails and freeride trails is located in the village of Sheregesh Kemerovo region. Both experienced skiers and snowboarders, as well as those who are just starting out, can ride here. Sheregesh is fresh air, excellent skiing and soft real snow.
The therapeutic salt lakes of Khakassia (Tus, Bele and others) are very popular among vacationers in the summer. In addition to the bases, which are located in the immediate vicinity of the lakes, you can also relax in the tents of the savages.
Most of the cities located in the territory dominated by KK are large with developed infrastructure. On vacation in cities, you can visit museums, entertainment centers, theaters, go to the cinema, stroll along the embankments and squares.
Outside the cities, you can relax in boarding houses and sanatoriums, go on a summer picnic, taking a tent with you. In autumn, you can collect a good "harvest" of mushrooms and berries in the forest.
Sharply continental climate
The climatic zones of Russia depend on several factors, including air masses coming from the oceans. In the case of a sharply continental climate (RKK) Atlantic Ocean"allows" the summer to be warm, and the winter very cold. In winter, t can drop to -48 degrees, which is even lower than in the Arctic. Winter starts in November, sometimes it can snow in October. Summer is short, with t +16+20 degrees.
The boundaries of the climatic zones of Russia are not clear. The city located at the junction is under the influence of the air masses of the neighboring territory. The RKK zone includes Eastern Siberia and the cities of Ulan-Ude, Irkutsk, Chita and others.
Recreation features
The pearl and the most popular holiday destination at any time of the year in this region is Lake Baikal. Tourists come here for beauty, emotions and clean air. In winter, people go skating, sledding, snowmobiling, and even driving cars on the frozen lake. The “roar” of cracking ice and the incredible natural “drawings” on it make an incredible impression on those who come to rest on Lake Baikal. In the warm season, there are also a large number of excursions and entertainment. Many pitch tents on the shore and rest as "savages".
In Chita, tourists can visit national park Alkhanay, where you can enjoy beautiful nature, feed "tame" chipmunks and birds, breathe clean air.
A large number of reserves, national parks are located in Buryatia. Here you can see animals, birds and plants. Hiking and cycling tourism along various routes is developing in this region.
Particular attention is paid to event tourism and festivals. Sports competitions, races, cross-country skiing are held. They arrange ethnic festivals, a Buddhist holiday, and widely celebrate the New Year.
Monsoon climate
The Far East is under the influence of the monsoon climate (MK). The cities of Magadan, Vladivostok, Khabarovsk, Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk, the Kuril Islands fall into the MK zone. Weather conditions in the cold season depend on continental air masses, and in the warm season - Pacific air. The average t in this type of climate in the frosty season is -20-32 degrees. In winter, precipitation is an infrequent phenomenon. In the summer months, the average t is +16+20 degrees, it often rains.
Recreation features
The climatic zones of Russia differ not only in weather conditions, but also in how and where people relax. In the region located in MK, recreational, active and educational tourism is popular.
The volcanoes of Kamchatka and the Kuril Islands attract tourists with their inaccessibility and beauty. It is quite difficult to get to some volcanoes of the Kuril Islands, but those who wish to overcome the difficult path to enjoy the beautiful views.
Kamchatka is a place where people come to see the valley of geysers. Helicopter tours are organized here. In addition to geysers, you can see lakes, thermal sites, waterfalls and other natural attractions in the valley.
A large number of waterfalls are located on Sakhalin Island and the Kuril Islands. Some of them are difficult to approach and have to be viewed from the sea.
Educational tourism is organized in each of the cities: in museums of various kinds, you can find out information about the history of the development of a particular city, ethnic characteristics, culture and art.
In Vladivostok, you can see modern bridges connecting different parts of the city. Numerous bays, among the largest of which is Avachinskaya, will amaze you with their beauty.
A large number of sanatoriums and favorable natural conditions in this area allow the development of medical tourism. Fresh air, mineral waters, different kinds recovery, beautiful landscapes - contribute to the development of sanatorium treatment here.
Subtropical climate zone
All climatic zones of Russia occupy a significant area, except for the Subtropical, which is the smallest belt in terms of territory. The subtropical climatic zone includes the cities of the Black Sea coast (Sochi, Anapa, Gelendzhik, Novorossiysk, Krasnodar and others), the southern coast of Crimea (Yalta, Alushta, Sudak, Sevastopol and others). Despite the fact that the map of the climatic zones of Russia shows that the territory of the SKP is small, it is very densely populated.
In a subtropical climate, winter temperatures rarely drop below zero, and average t is positive. The Caucasus Mountains are a barrier to cold air masses. This type of climate is characterized by cool winters with slight frosts down to -10 degrees and hot long summers. The hottest months are July and August, summer lasts from late April to October. Average summer t in Sochi +29 degrees, in Vladikavkaz +22 degrees. The average winter t in Sochi is +8, in Vladikavkaz -1 degree. This climate characterized by sufficient rainfall throughout the year.
Recreation features
Territory dominated by subtropical climate, is the most suitable for recreation. Recreational, medical, educational and other types of tourism are developed here.
Summer period on the Black Sea coast - favorite time for tourists, the maximum number of tourists comes here in July-August. Warm sea, magnificent landscapes, sun, clean air - this is what attracts tourists here. In each of the cities on the Black Sea there are attractions: architectural monuments, historical places, modern buildings, entertainment centers, interesting places created by nature.
IN winter months in Sochi and the Elbrus region there are ski resorts with slopes of various difficulty categories. In addition to prepared trails, there are freeride trails. Anyone can learn to ride thanks to simple slides and work with instructors.
Favorable climate, the presence of the sea, Fresh air, a large number of sunny days and the presence of a medical base contributed to the development of health tourism in these regions. Many hospitals, sanatoriums are ready to receive tourists throughout the year.
In cities located on the sea, in the warm season, you can organize a boat or yacht trip on the sea. Here you can also go water skiing, scooter, "banana".
The presence of the sea is conducive to diving. Having dived with an experienced instructor, you can see the inhabitants of the sea and underwater landscapes.
Knowing in which climatic zones Russia is located and information on them gives an understanding of weather conditions in a particular city or region. The most favorable zone for living and tourism is the Subtropical, where tourists strive throughout the year. The temperate climate occupies the most large area, the bulk of Russian cities, including the capital, is located here. The Arctic and Subarctic belts are the most severe and unsuitable for life, however, people come here for emotions, ecology and the most beautiful natural phenomena.
0southern temperate belt in the Southern Hemisphere, between the subantarctic and southern subtropical belt, mostly between 40° and 65° N. sh.; 98% falls on the ocean. The land is represented by small fragments: south. the end of the mainland South. America (Patagonia and South Andes), south. island of New Zealand, Tasmania and a number of small islands.
The seasonality of the weather is softened due to the oceanic climate. Winter with slightly positive temperatures, rarely frosts and snow, only in the continental regions of Patagonia frosts down to -33 ° C are possible. Wed the temperature of the warmest summer month ranges from 12 to 18 °C. The atmosphere is dominated by west. transport with intense cyclonic activity. Windward slopes of the Andes and South. The Alps receive a lot of precipitation - 3000–7000 mm per year or more, as a result of which powerful glaciation has developed in the mountains; Patagonia has an arid semi-desert climate.
short, deep rivers, there are large lakes with fresh water, mostly of glacial origin. Mountainous relief prevails with traces of glacier activity. Only in Patagonia are high plains and plateaus. The forests of Tasmania are predominantly evergreen, dominated by moisture-loving species of eucalyptus, southern beech, and coniferous Fitzroy. From animals there are wombats, koala, marsupial wolf, marsupial devil, many birds. To the south On the island of New Zealand, dense relic evergreen forests grow, which rise into the mountains to heights. 1 km. They have a lot of conifers (araucaria, libotsedrus, pines), grow south. beech, palm trees. The dense undergrowth consists of tree ferns, many lianas, mosses, and lichens. There are practically no wild mammals, bird species are diverse, but many have already disappeared (wingless kiwi, moa ostriches). In Patagonia, dry steppes are common, in the South. Andes grow forests from the south. beech and giant coniferous trees, they have a lot of bamboo, tree ferns, lianas. Of the mammals, there are guanaco, blue fox, Magellanic dog, endemic, underground rodent tuco-tuco; birds are numerous: parrots, hummingbirds, pikas.
Watch value South Temperate Belt in other dictionaries
Belt- belt
sash
girdle
Synonym dictionary
Southern- noon
midday
Synonym dictionary
Moderate- moderate, moderate; moderate, moderate, moderate (colloquial). prich. suffering past temp. from moderate 2.
Explanatory Dictionary of Ushakov
Southern- southern, southern. 1. App. south. pole. wind. coast of Crimea. Southern sun. Southern countries. Our northern summer, cartoon southern winters. Pushkin. 2. Peculiar to a southerner, such as a southerner. temperament.
Explanatory Dictionary of Ushakov
Belt- m. (from poyat, hug, as if understanding), strapping, a strip around something; what they tie across the camp, tie up their clothes; girdle, girdle, sash; belt, thread,........
Dahl's Explanatory Dictionary
Southern- see south.
Dahl's Explanatory Dictionary
To Belt Adverb. Razg.- 1. Low (bow).
Explanatory Dictionary of Efremova
South App.- 1. Corresponding in value. with n.: the south associated with it. 2. Peculiar to the south, characteristic of it. 3. Located in the south. // Having a southerly direction, blowing from the south.
Explanatory Dictionary of Efremova
Discount Belt- - Cohen's term. Broken coastal zones with an indefinite, variable orientation, which can turn both to the tellurocratic continent and to the thalassocratic sea.
Political vocabulary
Belt- belts, pl. belts, m. 1. A long narrow strip of fabric, a cord or belt used for circular coverage, tying at the waist. Leather belt. 2. The place where the torso is covered ........
Explanatory Dictionary of Ushakov
Belt- -A; pl. belts; m.
1. Ribbon, cord, belt or sewn-on strip of fabric for tying, fastening clothes at the waist. Skirt on a belt, with a belt. Leather p. Put on mittens ........
Explanatory Dictionary of Kuznetsov
Rust Belt (Rust Belt)- Areas of the United States, located mainly in Pennsylvania, West Virginia and the industrial Midwest, where iron and steel are produced and ........
Economic dictionary
Moderate- -th, -th; -ren, -renna, -renno.
1. Not too large in size, number, strength, etc., not above average, measure. Wow fee. W. appetite. Wow frosts. Buy something.........
Explanatory Dictionary of Kuznetsov
New South Wales v. Commonwealth case- - precedent in Australian law, created by the court in 1975. The court did not support the state's view that the Federation exceeded constitutional powers by adopting a federal ........
Law Dictionary
Southern— oh, oh.
1. to the South (1 sign). Yu pole. Southern hemisphere. South side of the house. South Slavs (one of the three main groups of ancient Slavs, formed in the 6th-9th centuries in Europe, ancestors ........
Explanatory Dictionary of Kuznetsov
Bacteriophage Moderate- B., capable of existing in a bacterial cell in the form of a prophage, as well as being reproduced in it.
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Alpine Belt- a natural altitudinal belt in the mountains, mainly temperate and subtropical latitudes. Alpine vegetation prevails. It is located above the subalpine belt, with ........
Green Belt- an open area that serves as a fence for the adjacent built-up area. The concept of green belts was first put forward by Ebenezer Howard (1850-1928) in ........
Antarctic Belt- the southern natural belt of the Earth. Includes Antarctica and adjacent islands.
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Arctic Geosynclinal Belt- surrounds the depression Sev. Arctic ok. Includes Paleozoic and Mesozoic folded structures North. Greenland, Canada, north-east of the Russian Federation.
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Arctic Belt- the natural belt of the Earth, including most of the Arctic. On land, the zone includes Arctic deserts. The seas are distinguished by stable ice cover. The border of the Arctic ........
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Shoulder girdle-, part of the skeleton of vertebrates, which serves to connect the forelimbs with the body. Contains primary and secondary shoulder girdle. In higher mammals, the primary brachial ........
Scientific and technical encyclopedic dictionary
Tropic South- , line of latitude, about 23.5 ° south of the Equator, along which the southern border passes tropical zone. Denotes the farthest south point at which the Sun stands at noon........
Scientific and technical encyclopedic dictionary
Located in the Northern Hemisphere approximately between 40° and 65° N. sh. and in the South between 42° and 58° S. latitude, the temperate zones of the Earth are not subject to either the extreme cold of the poles or the constant heat of the equator. These are temperate zones.
They are characterized by significant seasonal changes, since the hemispheres annually occupy a different position relative to the Sun.
TWO BELTS
The changing cycle of the seasons is one of the most important climatic factors in temperate zones, but not the only one. The interaction between land, oceans and atmosphere makes the weather system of the Earth's temperate zones very complex and unpredictable.
Like the poles, the northern and southern temperate zones have differences. Most of the territories of Europe, Asia and North America are located in the northern temperate zone, as well as significant areas of the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans. In the Southern Hemisphere, the temperate zone is dominated by the ocean, and by land it covers the southern margin of South America, Australia and New Zealand. The heterogeneous distribution of land and sea causes meteorological differences in both hemispheres.
WEATHER SYSTEMS
Above each of the temperate zones is a Ferrel cell. Through it, air masses are transported from the equator to the poles and vice versa due to convection. In the Ferrell cell, located between the equatorial Hadley cell and the polar one, air masses rotate in the opposite direction to the expected one. Yes, cold air upper layers atmosphere goes down, is transferred, heating near the surface, to the poles, and rising to the border with the polar cell, loses heat. The Coriolis force deflects near-surface air currents, swirling them from west to east and creating a system of moist westerly winds that actually blow from the southwest in the Northern Hemisphere and from the northwest in the Southern Hemisphere.
On land in temperate zones, these winds create two characteristic climatic sectors: oceanic and inland. The oceanic climate along the western coasts is characterized by abundant rainfall and moderate temperatures due to the proximity of the ocean and the action of warm westerly winds. The near sea acts as a temperature regulator, slowly warming up in summer and slowly cooling down in winter.
From the water evaporating from the oceans, clouds are formed that give heavy rainfall. This explains the variability of the weather. As a result of the interaction between the ocean and areas of low and high pressure, cyclones and anticyclones arise.
Cyclones are areas of rising warm air that draw in air from the surrounding atmosphere, which creates clouds and rotates under the influence of the Coriolis force (counterclockwise in the Northern Hemisphere and clockwise in the Southern Hemisphere). Anticyclones are areas of descending cold air that pushes the air out and rotates in the opposite direction of the cyclones. They often help dissipate clouds and can be more stable than cyclones.
INLAND CLIMATE
In the interior of large land masses, a continental climate has been established, which is characterized by strong temperature fluctuations. Without the proximity of the oceans, their weather system is less subject to change. They are often dominated by anticyclones, opening access to seasonal sunlight. As a result, in the spring the earth heats up quickly and a long hot summer sets in, and after it cools down in the fall, a severe cold winter comes.
Obviously, differences in land area in the southern and northern temperate zones create differences in the whole between the hemispheres. The distribution of land and sea north of the equator is ideal for the formation of cyclones and anticyclones. In fact, the main cyclone systems that affect temperatures in the north are tropical hurricanes that originate near the Caribbean Sea, then move northeast along the coast of North America and retreat into the Atlantic Ocean.
In the southern temperate zone, cyclones and other weather phenomena are formed by cold air moving towards the equator and meeting warm air heading towards the poles. This creates an almost permanent cyclone belt around the planet at 50-60° south latitude.
LIFE IN A TEMPERATE CLIMATE
Since with the breadth and advancement inland of the continents climatic conditions change significantly, in the temperate zones a variety of vegetation grows. In the north, near the border with the Arctic, the surface of the planet is surrounded by a wide taiga subzone, which is dominated by coniferous forests well tolerated harsh winters. To the south, broad-leaved trees appear, shedding their leaves in winter.
Conditions inland are often so dry (with less than 50 cm annual rainfall) that large plants cannot survive. Therefore, forest-steppe and steppe subzones were formed here, for example, prairies in North America and steppes in Central Asia, which is dominated by low-growing herbaceous vegetation. At the same time, some western coasts receive enough rainfall (more than 1.4 m annually) to develop temperate rainforests, such as in New Zealand, Japan, and northwestern North America.
The life of animals and people also depends on the climate. Large herds of herbivores once roamed the steppes, hunted by predators. Today, this natural system has survived only in some regions, since human activity has changed vast areas beyond recognition for more than 10,000 years since the first agricultural revolution.
In many places, grasslands are planted with crops, herds of wild herbivores are almost exterminated and replaced by domesticated species, and predators are considered a threat to humans and livestock. In areas inaccessible to humans, such as impenetrable rainforests and highlands, the situation is slightly better, but here, too, the effects of human activities are beginning to be felt.
