The surrounding world is a project that gives the forest. What gives us the forest? The main wealth of forests. Over your curly head

• student 3 "B" class
• MOU secondary school No. 24, Saratov

• Supervisor: Lukyanova M.V.

fir cone

On a walk I found a fir cone

I have questions:

- Is it possible to grow a Christmas tree out of them?

How long does it take to grow a small tree?

• How to find out the age of a tree?

I decided to do my research.

Introduction

• Purpose of my research:

show the need to save trees in our forests.

• Tasks:

1. study material about meaning

trees for humans and

environment;

2. find out what harm a person

inflicts on the forest;

3. do practical work;

4. conduct a survey

Hypothesis

if every person tries to grow at least one tree, then he will learn to appreciate and protect nature.

Trees

coniferous

deciduous

Pine, fir, cedar, spruce, larch

oak, birch, maple, aspen, linden, etc.

Forest

coniferous

mixed

foliar

Forest is

• Lungs of the planet

• Power supply

• wood source

• Heat source

• Resting-place

• Our protector

Harm from forest fires

Forest wealth is not dimensionless, Protect the forest from fire in every possible way!

The fire-villain mowed down the woods. Fire - on the conscience of people!

If in the forest you want a seagull, Remember: you have to be on the alert with fire!

If you leave the fire for a moment, Maybe trouble will happen to him .

Clogging up the forest

Cutting down the forest, we get a lot ...

... and forget to appreciate it.

Deforestation

Pine grows 8 years ...

Practical work

I planted and want to grow my tree

"How to plant a tree?"

1. Choose a place to land.

2. Dig a hole big enough for the roots of the tree to

could freely accommodate in it.

3. At the bottom of the pit, pour a mound of earth.

Spread the roots of the tree on it.

4. Fill the hole carefully. Compact the earth.

5. Good tree fields.

6. Tie the tree to the peg.

Choose one correct answer and put "+".

1. On New Year at home we put a living tree (pine, spruce)

2. For the New Year at home, we put an artificial tree

30 people took part in the survey: 10 adults and 20 children.

Thanks to my research, I was able to learn a lot about the life of the green inhabitants of the forest using the example of Yolochka. Trees live much longer than humans. The forest gives a lot to a person, but he also needs care.

In the course of the work done, I realized that growing a tree is a very difficult task that requires a lot of patience. Therefore, it is necessary to take care of the trees.

And most importantly, I fell in love with nature even more and learned to appreciate its beauty.

The forest is our wealth! Take care of him!

Noise, noise green Forest!

I know your majestic noise.

And your peace, and the brilliance of heaven

Above your curly head.

Sabirova Alina., Happy Vlad, Okishor Anna, Popov Nikita, Bogdanova Oksana

The purpose of the project is to follow the image of the forest, to find out its significance in the fate of man.

The guys put forward a hypothesis: perhaps the forest is not only a source of raw materials and clean air, but the forest is a living soul.

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Preview:

Performed by: Popov Nikita, Okishor Anna,

Bogdanova Oksana, Happy Vlad,

Sabirova Alina

Head: Sabirova R.G.,

primary school teacher

G. Serov, 2014

1. Introduction.

2. What gives a person a forest?

3. How are humans and forests related?

4.How to behave in the forest?

5. Conclusion.

6. Application.

Introduction.

You can see so many wonders in the forest
We are inspired by the forest,
The trees laugh and cry
Now they are shouting with branches, then they gossip.

Their lives are filled with beauty
Sometimes kind, sometimes powerful,
And like a man, the forest has a destiny,
Sometimes fatal, sometimes joyful.

Our work is dedicated to the forest.

It is no coincidence that we turned to this topic.

The forest is a green friend, a spacious house,

Everyone is comfortable in that house.

The dense forest is covered with mystery,
He keeps many secrets.

All the guys really wanted

Get closer to forest riches.

The purpose of our project is to follow the image of the forest, to find out its significance in the fate of man.

To achieve the goal, we set ourselves the following tasks:

1. Study the literature on this topic.

2. Determine the role of the forest in the fate of man.

3. Perform measures to protect the forest.

We have chosen the following methods of work:

• Questionnaire, interview
• Literature work
• Campaign work
• Analysis and generalization

We have built our work as answers to the questions:

1What is the forest for?
2. What harm has man done to forests?
3. How are forest and man related?
4. How to behave in the forest?

We put forward a hypothesis: perhaps the forest is not only a source of raw materials and clean air, but the forest is a living soul.

What gives a person a forest

Before starting to work with literature, we decided to conduct a survey among students and got the following results:

Do you like the forest? - 19 people. - yes 1 person - no

What makes you most happy in the forest?

Beauty - 11 people

silence-5 pers.

tranquility - 4 pers.

As we see from the survey, the vast majority of children are connected with the forest, so we consider the topic to be relevant.

Forests are often referred to as the green ocean, and rightfully so. Forests are part of nature, without them, as without water, as without air, a person cannot do. They spread over the vast expanses of the country. This is our national wealth and we must dispose of it in a prudent manner. The forest is a friend and protector of man. He feeds, clothes, heals people. Scientists have calculated that one hectare of forest purifies 18 million cubic meters of air during the year and absorbs as much carbon dioxide in one hour as 200 people exhale during this time.

It is difficult to enumerate everything that the forest gives to man. Until now, another 2/3 of humanity cooks food on wood fuel. From the green treasury, our country annually receives 400 million m3 of wood, which serves as a source for obtaining 200 thousand types of various materials, substances and compounds: building parts, paper, cardboard, furniture, plastics, rayon and fur, protein concentrates, glucose and much more. many more.

In addition, forests are rich in fodder and medicinal herbs, berries and mushrooms. Hunting is developing in the forests, and fish farming is developing in forest reservoirs. The forest protects the rivers from shallowing, the fields from drought. The forest is a coolness on a hot day, and a rest from the city noise, and a refuge from the freezing wind and blizzard. The forest air has healing properties. Hygienists have calculated that the noise of trees, the noise of falling water, and almost all noises that occur in nature, have a frequency within1000 vibrations per second.These noises create a useful, much-needed acoustic background..

The sheet surface retains dust, emissions from industrial enterprises, and purifies the air. On one hectare spruce forest up to 32 tons of dust settles on the needles. People cannot live without forests and rivers. It is worth cutting down trees along the banks of the rivers, they immediately become shallow, the soil is washed off and ravines form.

It is difficult to list everything that the forest gives to man:

What do we plant when we plant forests?
Masts and yards - to hold the sails,
Cabin and deck, ribs and keel -
Travel the sea in storm and calm.
What do we plant when we plant forests?
Radio masts - to catch voices,
The table at which you will write
Pen, ruler, pencil case and notebook.
What do we plant when we plant forests?
Light wings - fly to heaven,
House and swing, shuttle and bench,
And your wooden horse.
What do we plant when we plant forests?
A thicket where a badger and a fox roam,
The thicket where the squirrel hides the squirrels,
A thicket where crows scream in the morning.
What do we plant when we plant forests?
The leaf on which the dew falls
Air for the lungs, and moisture and shade,
Here's what we're planting today!

As we can see, forests are very important for humans. Without it, a full-fledged human life is impossible on our territory.

What harm does man do to forests

A person receives a lot from the forest, but he himself often becomes, intentionally or unintentionally, the source of many troubles: devastation of forests by improper management, destruction by fires, poaching. Where there are relatively few people and the economic impact on forests is negligible, forests more or less successfully cope with the consequences of human impact. But in populated areas where forests are often visited by people and used for a variety of economic activities, people have to make some efforts so that the forest does not die, does not lose its attractiveness for recreation, its ability to save water, air and the human environment in general.
According to one informational review magazine, over the past 50 years, man has destroyed 70% of the world's forests. About 30% of the forests still remaining on Earth are fragmented and dying out, cutting down in them is proceeding at a very high speed.

The use of forests for recreation and tourism to some extent also harms our green friend. The presence of even one person in him does not pass without a trace, especially if he believes that everything is permitted to him. But families or large groups usually go to the forest. Here it can not do without bonfires, which leave behind lifeless plots of land for several years.

This means that we ourselves are destroying the “beloved nature” - mushroom pickers, hunters, tourists, participants in fun picnics. Therefore, sitting down with a nice company by the fire, we must remember that our joy can easily turn into trouble, an irreparable loss for nature and society.

Imperceptible at first glance, changes in forest cover are even caused by walking through the forest, as a result of which grass and young trees are trampled down, slightly rising above the ground. The people noticed: one person leaves a trace in the forest; a hundred - a path; a thousand is a desert.

Even mature trees suffer from the same cause. To a large extent, trees are also weakened by damage to the bark with knives and axes. No wonder the proverb says: “Whoever removes the bark from a tree kills him.”

Drying birch...

Zaruba - almost to the core

birch tears

They run and are bright and innocent.

From a deep wound

Cool moisture dripping...

Ah, the juice treat!

To whom

You turned around

Good?..

People should always remember that the tree is their friend. The Society for the Conservation of Nature, nature lovers and in general every person should not only protect green spaces, but also contribute to their increase.

It's time to understand

That it is necessary to replenish the loss of forests.

Future generations will suffer

grow fast new forest will not work!

Forests of Russia is not a free store
We need to take care of them, and protect, and cherish.
And the man, alas, is not the master at all,

And the first who will suffer from the pain caused to the forest.

It's time to understand how important it is to protect the forests of our Earth
From the crafts of people, from the terrible drought ...

Can't destroy in vain

Earth's respiratory organs
Otherwise, happiness to breathe clean air

We will not experience it in the near future!

Everyone must understand that not only the forester

The forest must protect from sparks and smoke,

Forest for many people - speaking, living -

We need to protect it together!

The forest gives strength, no doubt,
Let the environment improve
And the forest will give inspiration to those people,

Who will remember the law: "Protect the forest!"

How are forests and humans related?

Russian forest! No landscape is as rich in colors as the Russian forest. And how much poetry is contained in it! The forest is beautiful at any time of the year. There are many songs, proverbs, sayings, riddles, jokes about the forest.
Our forests excite every person who loves his Motherland, has a beneficial effect on his soul. The beauty of the forest is an inexhaustible source of inspiration for poets, writers, composers and artists. Many poems, paintings, musical works were born thanks to love for nature, for the forest.

There is nothing sweeter to wander and think here,

Heal, warm, feed the Russian forest ..

Life seems different and the heart does not hurt,

when overhead, As eternity, the forest rustles.

Forest... This is a special world that attracts us with its mystery, beauty, cheerful noise. The forest, like a magician, takes possession of the emotional world of a person, gives rise to a feeling of admiration, peace of mind, bright poetic moods, flashes of versatile talents.

It is thanks to the love of the forest that we can read interesting works by such writers as K. Paustovsky, M. Prishvin, V. Bianchi, I. Sokolov - Mikitov. The artist I. Shishkin can be called the singer of the forest.

Any simple person, having been in the forest, talking with the trees, is filled with special energy.

Love for the motherland has always been a national trait of Russian poets; they could find deep meaning in the inconspicuous, outwardly shy Russian nature.

A wonderful person lives in our village - Sergei Semyonovich Merzlyakov, he is the grandfather of our classmate. Sergei Semenovich early childhood he loved to walk in the forest, he was captivated by the beauty of the Ural forests. Communication with nature gave him inspiration. He poured out all his feelings and impressions in his poems.

The winds shake the branches of the willow,

Shaking off the long winter sleep

With difficulty combing manes

Braided bare crowns.

In the warmth of spring breath

Spreading emerald plush,

Pine is full of charm

Having taken the first shower in April.

We had a meeting with a wonderful poet and got answers to the following questions:

At what age do you write poetry?

From 15 years old.

What is your work most dedicated to?

Of course. Nature, our rich Ural forests.

What does the forest mean in your life?

The forest is my whole life! I really like to go to the forest for mushrooms, berries, I love fishing on forest lakes, I just like to admire the beauty and breathe clean healthy air.

Are there poems that were written after communicating with nature, with the forest?

Almost all poems are born after communication with nature, inspiration appears.

The forest can be called a sage, as he is always ready to listen carefully, with his calmness helps to make the right decision.

The forest is a doctor who heals the soul. But only a kind person who has an open soul can understand and feel the soul of the forest.

We enter the forest, as in a wonderful fairy tale tower,
To the world of coolness, silence and magic.
We enter, with bated breath, into a riot of bright colors,
In the triumph of good over dark evil,
To behold forest fairy tale,
To become kinder and better later.

The forest helps to find peace and feel at home:

I am human! I'm not given

Become a forest dweller

But, opening only a window to nature,

I become different.

Energizes the forest

And gives me strength.

And every time I run faster

At the call of birds, animals.

I can't comprehend with my mind

But I feel in my soul

That the forest is my second home:

I find peace here!

It is no coincidence that psychologists advise people who experience mental anxiety to wander through a pine forest, to communicate with nature. hear her voice.

How to behave in the forest

A person, being in the forest, cannot but influence the forest ecosystem, especially if he stays in the forest for a long time, picks mushrooms or berries, makes a fire, puts up a tent. But the influence of a person can be different. From the one who treats the forest with care, barely noticeable traces remain, which in a week can completely disappear. From careless vacationers who do not care about nature and other people, mountains of garbage, damaged trees remain in the forests, and often their vacation ends with a forest fire. Careless and thoughtless vacationers cause no less damage to the forest than intruders - poachers, "black loggers", arsonists. In order for our stay in the forest not to lead to trouble and not leave unpleasant traces, it is necessary to observe several simple rules.

Fire safety.The biggest misfortune that can be caused by a person in the forest is a forest or peat fire. A forest fire can arise from the slightest source - an unextinguished match, a cigarette butt, a spark from a motorcycle or car muffler, a smoldering gun wad, and, of course, from an unextinguished fire or dry grass set on fire in the forest or nearby. Dry moss or lichen, forest floor, peat can smolder for hours before the smoldering turns into an open flame. Therefore, often a person does not even know that he has become the culprit of a forest fire - but the forest, nevertheless, burns down (and sometimes not only the forest, but also the houses located next to it, or even entire villages burn down).
In order not to become the unwitting culprit of a forest fire, you must follow a few simple rules.
First, never, anywhere, set fire to dry grass. The vast majority of spring forest and peat fires occur precisely as a result of dry grass arson (in addition, several hundred houses burn down from dry grass arson every year in our country, grass smoke causes enormous damage to people suffering from diseases of the heart, blood vessels, and respiratory organs). Not every person is able to cope with a grass fire, especially on a windy day - as a result, dry grass burns sometimes spread for many kilometers, causing fires in forests and forest belts, destroying young tree growth.

Secondly, do not make fires unnecessarily, and if you make fires, then only where there is no danger that peat, forest litter or rags accumulated between the stones will start to smolder from the fire. In forests with a thick moss or lichen cover, or with thick forest floor, it is necessary to clear the place for the fire and the adjacent strip from combustible residues. The fire must not be left unattended, and before leaving it must be carefully extinguished - so that there is not the slightest trace of smoke from it, and that the heat is not felt by the hands.

Thirdly, do not allow sparks, unextinguished matches, cigarette butts, firecrackers, firecrackers and similar objects that can become a source of smoldering and fire to fall on the ground. In summer, in a dry forest, and especially in a peat bog, you need to behave as if you are in a powder warehouse - this will be the only correct and safe behavior for the forest.

Fourthly, if a fire is found in the forest (an abandoned fire, smoldering moss or bedding, burning grass) - try to extinguish the fire on your own, and if this does not work out, report it to the fire department or the nearest forestry as soon as possible by calling by phone 8-800-100-94-00 (this is the all-Russian telephone number of the forest guard), 01, 112, or any other emergency telephone number known to you.

Maintaining cleanliness.One of the most noticeable traces of human presence in the forest is garbage. Forests near cities, towns and major roads across the country very quickly turn into solid dumps for a wide variety of waste, mainly left by citizens resting in the forests. Although according to the current forest legislation, forests must be protected from pollution, no one can cope with the millions of citizens littering in the forests. And the more the forest is littered, the more willingly the next visitors leave their garbage in it.

Only by the joint efforts of all people can forests be saved from garbage. In no case should a cultured person who respects himself and others leave any waste of his life activity in the forest - all garbage should be taken with you and thrown away where it is collected and disposed of. Only for rapidly decomposing organic waste an exception can be made, but they should also be hidden, since any garbage in the forest may lead the next visitor to the idea that it is customary to litter here.

In exceptional cases, if for some reason it is not possible to take all the garbage with you, safe and degradable waste can be buried, after taking measures to ensure that they decompose as quickly as possible. Safe combustible garbage that cannot be taken with you should be burned, tin cans should be burned. Glass and plastic must be taken with you - they practically do not decompose in natural environment and burning plastic is dangerous in itself.

If possible, it is worth removing the garbage left by other people - after all, we have only one Earth, and someone always has to correct the consequences of the bad manners of others.

Silence.The noise made by people can cause a lot of trouble to the forest and its inhabitants. Many animals and birds, especially during the period of breeding (spring and summer), are very sensitive to extraneous loud sounds. Loud screams, music, firecrackers, the noise of motorcycles and mopeds, and other similar sounds can frighten animals and birds, make them abandon their nests, offspring, and move to other areas. Noise is one of the main reasons why animal world forests around cities, enterprises, roads and other places where there are a lot of people and equipment are much poorer than the wildlife of wild forests.

Loud sounds made by some people often greatly interfere with other people's rest, enjoy the silence of the forest. For most of those who like to relax in the forest, pick mushrooms and berries, silence is one of the main advantages of such a holiday. It can be very unpleasant for these people to listen to loud music and the screams of other vacationers, from whom, especially in the suburbs and other densely populated areas, there is often simply nowhere to hide.

Finally, someone who constantly makes loud noises in the forest has almost no chance of meeting interesting wild animals. The animals are not very afraid of a person who just walks quietly through the forest, but a person who walks through the forest with the radio turned on, rides a motorcycle, screams loudly for no reason, most animals and birds are afraid like fire.

Therefore, the best thing to do is to always try to be as quiet in the forest as possible - not only for the sake of the forest itself, but also out of respect for other people resting in this forest.

Compliance with laws and regulations.According to Russian forest legislation, citizens have the right to freely and free of charge be in the forest, collect mushrooms, berries, nuts, medicinal plants. But there is also something that cannot be done in the forest without special permission, or even cannot be done at all.

Without a special permit (purchase and sale agreement), citizens do not have the right to harvest wood in the forest. Under current legislation, one or another responsibility is provided for the harvesting of any wood, including dead and fallen trees. A very serious liability is provided for illegal logging - recovery of damage (which depends on many conditions and can be very large even for one tree), heavy fines, and even imprisonment for up to six years.

Without a special permit (usually a contract of sale), it is impossible to harvest Christmas trees and other conifers for new year holidays, even if the felling of a particular tree will not cause damage to the forest - for example, under a power line or on the side of a road.

It is impossible to damage and destroy rare and endangered plants listed in the Red Book Russian Federation or regional Red Data Books. These species include many of the beautifully flowering plants that people like to pick in bouquets (which is why these types of plants become rare or even disappear). Therefore, the collection of bouquets of beautiful forest flowers may well turn into a violation, and even a crime. It is best not to pick beautiful flowers in the forest - this will not only help to preserve rare species plants, but also allow other people to look at them.

It is impossible to damage or destroy various forestry signs (bollards, posters, etc.), planting forest trees, a variety of forestry equipment left in the forest after hours.

You cannot set fire to the forest or leave an open fire in the forest, you cannot litter the forest - these are not only good manners, but also a requirement of the current forest legislation. Responsibility for setting fire to a forest, including accidental, and for organizing an illegal dump in the forest, can be very severe.

We organized a meeting with a representative of our Serov forestry, chief specialist in reforestation Novoselova Svetlana Vladimirovna and found out interesting information:

The area of ​​the Serov forestry is 428012 ha

Pine and spruce seedlings are planted annually for artificial reforestation on an area of ​​200 hectares (of which 110 hectares are in burnt areas). For this, 600 thousand seedlings are used.

Over the past 3 years, all fires have been caused by humans:

2011 - 47 fires, area - 472 ha

2012 - 2 fires, area - 22.5 hectares

2013 - 3 fires, area - 12.7 hectares

The forest is our wealth, so it must be preserved. It is impossible to enumerate all the disasters that the destruction of forests brings, therefore a person must reconsider his attitude towards the forest.

Conclusion

So, while working on the project, we decided that our hypothesis was confirmed:

The forest gives us not only material wealth, but the forest soul, which rejoices with us and cries in pain, the forest is our friend, the source of all that is beautiful, the healer of our souls.

Our forests excite every person who loves his Motherland, has a beneficial effect on his soul. The beauty of the forest is an inexhaustible source of inspiration for poets, writers, composers and artists.

There is nothing sweeter to wander and think here,

Heal, warm, feed the Russian forest ..

Life seems different and the heart does not hurt,

When overhead, like eternity, the forest rustles.

Bibliography

1. In a birch grove. Stories. / V. Gakina-M .: Children's literature, 1976

2. Great canvases of Russian artists. / A. Astakhov - M .: White City, 2009

3.Yu. Dmitriev, N. Pozharitskaya. The book of nature.-M.: Children's literature, 1990

4. Hello, sun! - M .: Children's literature, 1976

5. S. Merzlyakov. I love you, birch Rus'

6. I. Sokolov-Mikitov. Russian forest-M.: Children's literature, 1984

Target: to acquaint with value of the forest in the nature and for the person.

Tasks:

• to consolidate the difference between taiga, mixed and broad-leaved forests;
• to consider environmental problems in the forest belt arising through the fault of man;
• develop a cognitive interest in the study of nature;
• to cultivate respect and love for nature, a culture of behavior.

Equipment: map "Natural zones of Russia", multimedia textbook "The world around" for grade 4, a poster depicting a forest, cards.

DURING THE CLASSES

I. Organizational moment

Hello forest, dense forest,
Full of fairy tales and wonders!
What are you making noise about?
Dark, stormy night?
What are you whispering at dawn,
All in dew, as in silver?
Who is hiding in your wilderness?
What kind of animal? What bird?
Open everything, and do not hide:
You see - we are ours!

II. Message about the topic and purpose of the lesson

Teacher. The theme of our lesson is "hidden" in this poem. Which natural area are we going to today?

Students. The poem speaks of a forest, which means that today we will again go to forest zone.

III. Actualization of students' knowledge

- Before moving on to the study of a new topic, I would like to find out what you know about the forest zone.
- Show the forest zone on the map: taiga, mixed forest, broad-leaved forest.

A drawing competition “How I imagine the taiga, mixed and broad-leaved forest” is being held. Students comment on the drawings.
The teacher offers to listen to several messages about the inhabitants of the forest, prepared by students at home.
At the choice of the teacher, several students work on cards.

1) Write 2-3 food chains in the forest area.
2) Connect the trees and the forest in which they grow with arrows:

- And now we will solve the crossword puzzle.

1. What tree is the symbol of Russia?
2. Conifer tree, which sheds needles.
3. This animal has a spotted color, "whiskers" and tassels on the ears.
4. This animal can not only jump, but also fly.
5. Coniferous forest.
6. Coniferous tree with flat needles and cones sticking up.
7. Lives in the wilderness of the forest, both in summer and in winter, a diligent worker, a nosy forest carpenter.
8. Coniferous tree with short needles arranged one by one.
9. A tree with heart-shaped leaves.
10. Which bird distributes the fruits of the cedar pine?
11. Coniferous tree with a smooth yellow trunk. The needles are long, sitting in pairs.

Answer. Take care of the forest.

IV. Learning new material

– Today in the lesson we will talk about the protection of the forest, the role of the forest in people's lives and the role a person plays in the life of the forest.
The entire forest from the tops of the trees to the ground is inhabited by animals. And what a variety of plants! And all this lives together, is closely connected with each other and does a great job.
Group work. You need to choose forest animals (group I), forest plants (group II), flowers and berries (group III)

V. Reading a poem by S. Nikulina "Russian Forest"

There is nothing cuter
Wander and think here
Heal, warm
Feed the Russian forest.

And there will be a thirst to torment -
That's a lumberjack for me
Among the thickets of prickly
Show fontanel.

I'll bend down to drink to him -
And you can see everything to the bottom.
Water is flowing,

A mountain ash is waiting for us in the forest,
Nuts and flowers.
Fragrant raspberry
On thick bushes.

Looking for a field of mushrooms
I, not sparing the legs,
And if I get tired -
I swear on a stump!

The forest is very fond of pedestrians,
For them, he is theirs.
Here somewhere the goblin roams
With a green beard.

Life seems different
And my heart doesn't hurt
When over your head
Like eternity, the forest is noisy.

What kind of relationship is mentioned in this poem? (About the relationship between man and the forest.)
What role does the forest play in people's lives?

According to the answers of the students, the teacher writes down on the board the diagram “The meaning of the forest”.

Physical education minute

The deer has a big house.
He looks out his window
Bunny runs through the forest
There is a knock on his door:
"Knock Knock, open the door,
There's an evil hunter in the forest."
"Bunny, bunny, run,
Give me a paw!”

VI. Teacher. Is a person always fair in relation to the forest? Isn't it his fault that the ecological problems of the forest arise? Listen to the conversation of the trees. "Oak and Rowan".

- Oh, Ryabinushka, rowanberry, why are you sad?
- I was, Oak, a fresh mountain ash, but I became a dry snag. They stripped me like sticky, butchered me like a nut. No berries, no twigs, no twigs - at least head into the fire. If only you stood up for me.
- What are you, Ryabinushka! I myself am such that they put more beautifully in a wood warehouse. All autumn they knocked acorns off me - they threshed with stones and sticks. The whole soul was shaken out. I was an oak, but I became a club.

VII. Group work

What environmental issues are we talking about?

I group

Sasha cried as the forest was cut down,
She is now sorry to tears.
How many curly birches there were!
There because of the old frowning spruce
Red clusters of viburnum looked.
There rose a young oak,
Birds reigned at the top of the forest,
All sorts of animals lurked below.
Suddenly men with axes appeared.
The forest rang, groaned, crackled.
The hare listened and ran away. (N. Nekrasov.)

- About what environmental problem is it in the poem? (We are talking about deforestation.)

– Look at how wood harvesting is currently going on. (The picture "Logging") If earlier the forest was cut down as needed, with the help of an ax (which cannot destroy the forests), now after the work of the lumberjacks there are such pictures (showing photos). It seemed to people that there were a lot of forests, that it was impossible to cut them down. Now it became clear: the forests are in danger! This was understood by the girl Sasha from the poem by N. Nekrasov, she was sorry for the birds and animals left without a home. What feelings do the photos evoke in you? (Free statements of children). These photographs evoke different feelings, but I am glad that you are not indifferent to the fate of the forest, that you are concerned about the problem that has arisen - this means that you will look for ways to solve it. This is your homework.

II group

- Listen to V. Shefner's poem "Forest Fire":

Forgetful hunter at rest
He did not sweep, did not trample the fire.
He went into the forest, and the branches were burning down
And reluctantly smoked until the morning ...
And in the morning the wind dispersed the mists,
And the dying fire came to life.
And, pouring sparks in the middle of the clearing,
Crimson rags spread out.
He burned all the grass with flowers together,
He burned the bushes, went into the green forest.
Like a frightened flock of red squirrels,
He darted from barrel to barrel.
And the forest hummed from a fiery blizzard,
Trunks fell with a frosty crack,
And like snowflakes, sparks flew from them
Above the gray drifts of ash.

- What act of a person became a formidable disaster for the forest? (The man did not put out the fire, but, having flared up, it turned into a forest fire.)

- But this could not happen if a person followed the rules for making a fire and did not forget to put it out and make sure that the fire did not flare up again. You will have to draw up a memo “How to make a fire” at home for such unfortunate hunters and tourists.

III group

Have you seen swans being shot at?
Did you see them fall?
Tell me, if the birds knew
And if only they understood
That their farewell flight will be,
People will shoot them at dawn,
Say they wouldn't fly?

Students. This is about illegal hunting (poaching).

Teacher. Man has long killed animals to get his own food, but this was necessary for the survival of people. People began to kill even more than they could eat. Now immoderate hunting has led to the complete extermination of some animal species. Nowadays, hunting for forest animals is limited, and poaching is punishable by law. The following are listed in the Red Book:

• Plants: ginseng, lady's slipper.
• Beetles: corncrake beetle, stag beetle, relic woodcutter.
• Birds: eagle owl, mandarin duck.
• Animals: bison, Amur tiger.

We fill in the diagram.

VIII. Anchoring

- Draw signs that would reflect human actions dangerous for the forest. What should you show in the signs?

Students. You can't cut down a tree. Fires cannot be lit. Do not leave rubbish in the forest. You can't kill animals.

IX. Lesson summary

What is the importance of the forest for people?
- What plants and animals of the forest are listed in the Red Book.

The significance of the forest in our life is great. The writer Konstantin Paustovsky, a passionate admirer of the forest, wrote that forests not only bring great benefits to man, decorate and heal the earth, but also support life itself on earth.

Unfortunately, there are fewer and fewer forests on earth. There was a time when the territory of Europe was completely covered with magnificent forests. Today in England they are cut down almost completely, in Italy, Spain, France and other countries there are no more than 10-15% of them left.

The forest is the main source of replenishing the air with oxygen, an indispensable natural filter that cleans the atmosphere from carbon dioxide and harmful gases, to which we owe our health to a great extent. During the photosynthesis of one cubic meter of wood pulp, about half a ton of oxygen is produced and the same amount of carbon dioxide is absorbed from the atmosphere. Considering that approximately 800 million cubic meters of wood grows in the forests of Russia every year, it is easy to calculate the contribution of our forests to the air balance of the planet.

And how much dust the forest catches! In summer, tree crowns absorb up to half of the dust contained in the air. A rough leaf of a tree is a filter created by nature itself,
The air of the forest contains 300 times less bacteria than in the city, and it is sterilized by phytoncides secreted by leaves and flowers of plants. Several grams of phytoncides disinfect several hundred cubic meters of the atmosphere.

We owe to the forest to a large extent our material wealth, because it is difficult to find a more versatile material than wood. No branch of the national economy can do without wood products.

Every year, tens of thousands of tons of wild fruits and berries, nuts, and mushrooms are harvested in the forests. Bees are the original inhabitants of forests, and the vast areas occupied by melliferous vegetation favored their reproduction and provided rich honey collections.

The Russian historian V. Klyuchevsky in his book Tales of Foreigners about the Muscovite State wrote that the main products of the Moscow land, mined in the forest, were furs, honey and wax, and the whole country abounded with prolific bees that laid excellent honey in the hollows of trees. Products obtained from bees were the primary commodity of domestic exchange and foreign trade.

Now the relationship between man and the forest has changed dramatically, which is largely due to technological progress and growing urbanization. The majority of the population now lives in cities, and this has been reflected in the natural links that have developed in the course of evolution between man and the environment. Violation of these connections led to the growth of nervous and cardiovascular diseases. Scientists come to the conclusion that communication with nature should become a necessary condition for normal life. human body. Under the influence of favorable natural factors, metabolism improves, oxygen uptake and carbon dioxide release increase, breathing becomes less frequent and deeper, disturbances in the functioning of the heart and cardiovascular apparatus disappear, blood flow rate and the number of functioning capillaries increase.

Green spaces, and especially forests, significantly reduce industrial radiation. Forests are able to absorb and neutralize radioactive substances, and this is very important in our nuclear age.
With the growth of the population, which led to the cutting down of forests for timber and arable land, the area of ​​​​forests was noticeably reduced, but even now they are quite large in our country.

Many honey-bearing trees and shrubs grow in our forests: linden - 1145, white acacia - 4.1, edible chestnut - 31.8 thousand hectares with a total reserve of honey productivity of about 500 thousand tons. Of the 16 species of linden growing in our forests, highest value has a small-leaved linden, which is found in the ravine oak forests of the steppe, in the oak forests and pine forests of the forest-steppe, in the strip of coniferous-deciduous forests of the southern taiga. IN

In Siberia, it grows in islands almost to the Irtysh, in Altai and the Krasnoyarsk region. On Far East small-leaved linden is replaced by Amur, Manchurian, and Taketa linden. In most cases, as a tree of the first magnitude, it is included in coniferous-deciduous forests and oak forests as an admixture, but in the forests of the Middle Volga region, the Southern Urals and the Urals it forms highly productive mixed and even pure lime forests. In some places, linden occupies vast areas. For example, in Bashkiria, the Gafury forestry owns 200,000 hectares of forest. Here the small-leaved linden occupies almost 50 thousand hectares.

In the European part of Russia, linden lives up to 400 and even 600 years, on the streets of cities - up to 100 years. Paws of seed origin begin to bloom from 20-25 years. With age, the number of flowers on the tree increases, and the sugar content in their nectar changes slightly. The highest nectar production in linden is observed at the age of 70-90 years.

Linden is not only an excellent honey plant - its wood and bast are widely used in the national economy. In addition, it improves the soil, and mixed plantations with its participation are highly stable and productive.

Now work is underway to preserve linden in the forests and increase the area under its plantations.

Why the forest is useful for a person - Natural forces have a good effect on a person. Walking through the forest, along the banks of rivers and lakes always has a beneficial effect on the human body. These places are cleaner and fresh air. In cities, unfavorable ecology, which affects the human body, causes diseases. Such walks have a beneficial effect on the body, strengthening overall immunity.

Forests reproduce fresh air, cleanse it, saturate it with oxygen necessary for our breathing.

The process of environmental degradation is inevitable and our atmosphere is constantly polluted with harmful gases from cars, soot, dust from many enterprises. The amount of carbon dioxide in the air is steadily increasing. Green plantings of the forest help us to maintain the right balance of the atmosphere.

If you look at the composition of the forest, then these are trees, shrubs, herbs. They are also called the lungs of our Earth. They absorb carbon dioxide from the air and produce oxygen.

Plants are the best at purifying the air from all industrial pollution. That is why many enterprises plant green spaces. Linden, poplar, maple, fir, spruce, thuja are those trees that absorb dangerous sulfur substances.

In the summer, trees trap up to half of all the generated dust that is contained in the air. A green leaf is a very good natural filter for air purification. Scientists say that during the working week, only 12 g of leaves of a tree such as elm remove from our air that we breathe from 3 to 5 g of dust, other trees like pine, spruce - from 1 to 2 g.

Plants significantly reduce the level of radiation. Greenery not only absorbs, but also kills industrial and radioactive emissions.

Well decompose and kill exhaust gases from cars and chestnuts. That is why they are often planted near highways.

IN recent decades cities are growing especially progressively due to the influx of residents. The city protects a person a little from communication and visiting the environment. In this and many scientists find the reasons for the sharp increase in cardiovascular and other diseases.

Therefore, after the busy, gassed city streets, people are looking for peace and solitude away from the cities, in the forest, in silence, where they breathe pleasant fragrant air. The more a person is in the captivity of the city, the more he needs to communicate with nature, it is desirable to spend all weekends on it.

Let's look at the video of the forest of our planet - what a miracle!