Presentation "the importance of water in nature and human life" presentation on the world around. Importance of water in human life. Water and health. Hygienic requirements for the quality of drinking water. Lecture by prof. Kondratyuk V.A. wastewater from factories

This material will give children the opportunity to independently answer the following questions:
Without which there will be no life on earth?
Why doesn't water disappear?
Where is water contained, its states and conditions?
How does a person use water?

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The role of water in human life

What happened to the flower? The flower withered without water!

Our planet Earth, it consists of water by 70% Man also consists of water by 70%

Where is water found on Earth? OCEAN LAKE SEA RIVER STREAM

STATES OF WATER VAPOR - GASEOUS ICE - SOLID WATER - LIQUID

PROPERTIES OF WATER WATER HAS NO TASTE ODOR COLOR CAN DISSOLVE CERTAIN SUBSTANCES TAKE ANY SHAPE DYE IN DIFFERENT COLORS

HOW DOES MAN USE WATER? HYGIENE PROCEDURES FOOD AND BEVERAGE

Let's learn a poem Have you heard about water? They say she is everywhere. In a puddle, in the sea, in the ocean And in a faucet. How the icicle freezes. It creeps into the forest with fog, It’s called a glacier in the mountains (Crawls into our house with fog, Boils on our stove, Dissolves sugar in tea (We don’t notice it). We are used to the fact that water is always our companion! , do not get drunk, I dare to report to you: We cannot live without it.

CHECK YOURSELF: WITHOUT WHAT THERE WILL NOT BE LIFE ON EARTH? WHERE IS WATER ON EARTH? WHY DOESN'T THE WATER DISAPPEAR? WHAT STATES AND PROPERTIES OF WATER DO YOU KNOW? HOW DOES MAN USE WATER? TELL THE POEM TO YOUR PARENTS AT HOME.

THANK YOU FOR YOUR ATTENTION!

On the topic: methodological developments, presentations and notes

summary of the lesson "Water in human life"

Synopsis of an open comprehensive lesson on familiarization with the outside world for children of senior preschool age ....

Water in human life (open session)

To improve children's knowledge about the importance of water in human life: water is the source of life, it is necessary to maintain life and ensure human health; about the properties of water: transparent, without color and...

Water is life Most people in modern world they think little of water as long as they have enough of it. In the West, even those who think about it usually just wonder about the quality of municipal water supplies, or perhaps see it as a product that should probably be consumed more. Most people in today's world think little about water as long as they have enough of it. In the West, even those who think about it usually just wonder about the quality of municipal water supplies, or perhaps see it as a product that should probably be consumed more. We dutifully watch as millions of dollars are spent every year to convince us to drink animal milk. And it hardly occurs to us to wonder why no one spends money on discussing plain old good water. For what? It cannot be that such a familiar thing as water has such importance. We dutifully watch as millions of dollars are spent every year to convince us to drink animal milk. And it hardly occurs to us to wonder why no one spends money on discussing plain old good water. For what? It cannot be that such a familiar thing as water has such importance.

Importance of water in human life Water benefits everything: cooking, washing, cleaning, washing and for the production of various products. Water is useful in everything: cooking, washing, cleaning, washing and for the production of various products. The role of water in maintaining health is very important, as constant dehydration of the body leads to a large number of diseases. The role of water in maintaining health is very important, as constant dehydration of the body leads to a large number of diseases. Everyone knows the meaning of water, if there is no water in our body, there will be no us. However, we still get sick. Everyone knows the meaning of water, if there is no water in our body, there will be no us. However, we still get sick.

The water cycle in nature The water cycle in nature (hydrological cycle) is the process of cyclic movement of water in the earth's biosphere. Consists of evaporation, condensation and precipitation. The water cycle in nature (hydrological cycle) is the process of cyclic movement of water in the earth's biosphere. Consists of evaporation, condensation and precipitation. The seas lose more water due to evaporation than they receive with precipitation, on land the situation is reversed. Water continuously circulates around the globe, while its total amount remains unchanged. The seas lose more water due to evaporation than they receive with precipitation, on land the situation is reversed. Water continuously circulates around the globe, while its total amount remains unchanged. On earth, water exists in three states of aggregation: liquid, solid and gaseous. Living organisms cannot exist without water. In any organism, water is the medium in which chemical reactions without which living organisms cannot live. Water is the most valuable and most essential substance for the life of living organisms. On earth, water exists in three states of aggregation: liquid, solid and gaseous. Living organisms cannot exist without water. In any organism, water is the medium in which chemical reactions take place, without which living organisms cannot live. Water is the most valuable and most necessary substance for the life of living organisms.

• analysis of literary and historical
sources of information;
• generalization of the received data.

• The name of water has come from time immemorial, and since that time, any "living" moisture, which is so necessary for the life of people, animals and the nature around us, has been called water.
• There is no exact definition why water was called water, since each nation has its own name, which determines the meaning of water for others

Why is water called water?

SEAS

LAKES

RIVERS

WHERE IS WATER ON EARTH?

There is also water underground (springs).

Huge accumulations of ice are located at the North and South Poles. There is ice on land and in the ocean.

This is what our planet would look like then. Unpleasant sight, isn't it?

Imagine

what on earth all of a sudden

all the water is gone.

The body of a jellyfish is 90 - 95% water.

In the body of animals, water usually makes up more than half of the mass.

• Water is found in all parts of plants.
• A lot of juice in fruits - watermelon, orange, lemon.
• This juice is water with various substances dissolved in it.
• But even dry plant seeds contain water.

100 kg, 80 kg - water

100 g, 85 g - water

2 kg, 1.5 kg - water

Man is 75-80% water. Man is 75-80% water. A person can live only 3 days without water. Japanese scientist Emoto Masaru proposed a way to fix the structure of water Water structure Water molecule Water cluster Water cell The human body is approximately 75-80% water, therefore,

• The human body is approximately 75-80% water, therefore,
Water is the key to the existence of a healthy organism.
• Since water is not just a liquid, but structured substance, the body, for stable operation, requires water with a certain structure.
• Violation or modification of this structures water affects the state of the body.

LOVE

HOPE

SOUL

THANK YOU

SORRY

THANK YOU

THANK YOU

FOOL

YOU DISGUST ME

• cook or heat food in the microwave;
• listen to music through a mobile phone?

What is the importance of water to humans?

Water in human life, plants and animals

• Water is drunk by fields and forests.
• Without it, neither animals, nor birds, nor people can live.

Water in human life

• Water "produces" electric current, working at power plants.
• Water washes all people, cities, cars, roads.

Water in human life

• Water is the biggest and most convenient road. Vessels sail on it day and night, carrying various cargoes and passengers.

Water in human life

Without water:

• do not knead dough for bread,
• do not prepare concrete for construction,
• do not make paper, fabric for clothing, rubber, candy, or medicine.

Lecture plan 1. Introduction. 2. Physiological significance of water. 3. Hygienic value of water. 4. Economic and technical importance of water. 5. Epidemiological significance of water. 6. Requirements for the quality of drinking water. 6.1 Epidemiological safety of water chemical composition water Radiation safety of water Organoleptic properties of water. 7. Indicators of chemical contamination of drinking water 8. Methods of water disinfection. 9. Special methods for improving water quality.

An adult's body consists of an average of 65% water. With age, its amount of water in the human body decreases. The human embryo contains 97% water, the body of newborns - 77%, by the age of 50 the amount of water in the body is only 60%. The bulk of water (70%) is concentrated inside the cells, and 30% is extracellular water.

8 Drinking water is water suitable for ingestion that meets established quality standards In accordance with SanPiN, drinking water must be safe in epidemic and radiation terms, harmless in chemical composition and have favorable organoleptic properties 3.2. The quality of drinking water must comply with hygienic standards before it enters the distribution network, as well as at the tapping points of the external and internal water supply network

9 80% of diseases in the world are due to lack of clean water. Good quality water is an important factor in human life Water contains potential toxic elements

PHYSIOLOGICAL SIGNIFICANCE OF WATER All biochemical reactions associated with the processes of digestion and absorption of nutrients occur in aquatic environment. Together with salts, water takes part in maintaining the most important physiological constant of the body - the magnitude of osmotic pressure. Due to its low viscosity, as well as the ability to dissolve various chemicals and enter into weak bonds with them, water is the main part of the blood and plays the role of a vehicle. Water is the basis of the acid-base balance in the body, since it exhibits the properties of both acids and bases. All processes of assimilation and excretion in the body also take place in the aquatic environment.

EXOGENOUS WATER Daily human need for water is 2.5-3.0 liters. Water enters the human body through drinking and food. With drinking water comes a lot of macro- and microelements, such as calcium, magnesium, sodium, potassium, iodine, fluorine, etc.

EXTRACTION OF WATER FROM THE BODY At rest, the following amount of water is excreted from the human body: through the kidneys - 1.5 l / day; through the lungs - approximately 0.4 l; through the intestinal tract - about 0.2 l. Another 0.6 l of water is released through the pores of the skin in the process of thermoregulation of the body. Every day, about 3 liters of water are excreted from the human body at rest. When working, in hot shops, in the summer in the field, in pathological conditions, the excretion of water can increase up to 8-10 liters.

Symptoms of dehydration of the human body (E. Adolf, 1952) With a decrease in water in the body (in% of body weight), the following is observed: 1-5% - thirst, malaise, economy of movement, loss of appetite, reddening of the skin, irritability, drowsiness, fever body% - dizziness, shortness of breath, feeling of crawling "goosebumps" in the limbs, a decrease in blood volume, stopping salivation, cyanosis, slurred speech, heaviness of walking% - delirium, swelling of the tongue, difficulty swallowing, deafness, weakening of vision, lethargy and numbness of the skin , painful urination, anuria % of body weight at an air temperature above 30 0C is fatal. 25% is lethal at any temperature.

Hygienic value of water Water is used for: removing sewage through the sewer network - 41%, keeping the body clean - 37%, cooking and washing dishes - 6%, for drinking - 5%, washing clothes - 4%, cleaning housing and public premises - 3%, watering streets and green spaces - 3%, car wash - 1%.

Epidemiological significance of water Polluted water can cause: the occurrence of acute gastrointestinal infections such as cholera, typhoid fever, paratyphoid fever, bacterial and amoebic dysentery, acute infectious enteritis, etc., which largely depends on the conditions of water supply, sanitary cleaning of the population places, the level of sanitary culture of the population.

Good-quality drinking water should be: 1. Epidemiologically safe. Water should not contain pathogenic microbes, viruses and other biological inclusions hazardous to the health of consumers. 2. Not harmful in chemical composition (that is, to be the most favorable from a physiological point of view). And do not limit its use in everyday life. 3. Safe in terms of radiation. 4. HAVE GOOD ORGANOLEPTIC PROPERTIES (be transparent, colorless, have no taste or smell).

Survival of pathogenic microorganisms in water Microorganisms Survival (in days) in water Well River E. coli Causative agents of typhoid fever 71, Bacteria of dysentery Vibrio cholerae 1-920.5-92 Leptospira 7-75 up to 150 Causative agents of tularemia Brucella 4-45-

Microbiological indicators of drinking water safety Name of indicators Units of measurement Standards 1 Number of bacteria in 1 cm 3 of water that is being studied (CFM) Colony-forming units (microorganisms) / cm 3 CFU / cm 3 no more than 100 * 2 Number of bacteria of the Escherichia coli group (colony-forming microorganisms) in 1 dm 3 of water that is being studied (BGKP index) Colony-forming units (microorganisms) / dm 3 no more than 3** 3 / 100 cm 3 CCW / 100 cm 3 absence *** 4 Number of pathogenic microorganisms in 1 dm3 of water under study Colony-forming units (microorganisms) / dm 3 CCW / dm 3 absence *** 5 Number of coliphages in 1 dm 3 of water under study Plaque-forming units/dm 3 BOO/dm 3 no ***

Toxicological indicators of the safety of the chemical composition of drinking water Name of indicators Units of measurement. Standards (not more than) Hazard class Inorganic components 0.13 7Nitratesmg/dm 3 45.03 8Ftormg/dm 3 1.53

Organic components 1 Trihalomethanes (THM, sum) mg/dm 3 0.12 chloroform mg/dm 3 0.062 dibromochloromethane mg/dm 3 0.012 tetrachlorocarbon mg/dm 3 0.0022 2 Pesticides (sum) mg/dm 3 0.0001** Integral indicators 1Oxidability (КМnO 4) mg/dm 3 4.0- 2Total organic carbon mg/dm 3 3.0- Note: * - the value indicated in brackets is allowed when water is treated with reagents that contain aluminum; ** - the list of control pesticides is established taking into account the specific situation.

When drinking water with an increased concentration of nitrates, methemoglobinemia may occur, which is accompanied by toxic cyanosis nitrites. The latter, absorbed into the blood and combined with blood hemoglobin, form methemoglobin, which is not able to carry oxygen.

Increased fluorine content Fluorine content in water over 5 mg/dm 3 causes damage not only to the teeth but also to the osteoarticular apparatus. The increased content of fluorine - more than 1.5 mg / dm 3 causes fluorosis, which is manifested by damage to the enamel of the teeth in the form of pigmented yellow and brown spots.

Name of indicators Units of measurement Standards (no more) Hazard class 1 Odor PR * 2- 2 TurbidityNOMe * 0.5 (1.5) ***- 3 Color degree 20 (35) - 4 Taste PR * 2- 5 Hydrogen index, pH, in the range of one 6.5-8 ,6- 6 Mineralization total (dry residue) mg / dm (1500) - 7 Hardness total mg-eq / dm 3 7 (10) - 8 Sulfate mg / dm (500) 4 9 Chloride fume g / dm (350) 4 10 Copper mg / dm 3 1.03 11 Manganese mg /dm3 0.13 12Irong/dm3 0.33 13Chlorophenolmg/dm3 0.00034 Organoleptic indicators of drinking water quality

The general hardness of water is mainly determined by the presence of carbonates, bicarbonates, chlorides, sulfates and other calcium and magnesium compounds in it. There are carbonate (removable) and permanent hardness (irremovable). Calcium from many food products is absorbed only by 30%, while calcium in drinking water is absorbed by 90%.

Chlorides (chlorine ion). Fresh waters mainly contain up to mg/dm 3 chlorides. If their number exceeds mg / dm 3, such waters have a salty taste and adversely affect gastric secretion. The content of chlorides in tap drinking water should not exceed 250 mg / dm 3, in some cases it is allowed up to 350 mg / dm 3.

Sulfates (sulfate ion) in amounts above 500 mg/dm 3 give water a bitter-salty taste, can cause dyspepsia (especially with a high magnesium content in water at the same time) in people who are not accustomed to such water. The content of sulfates in drinking water should not exceed 250 (350) mg / dm 3.

Salts of iron (more than 0.3 mg / dm 3) and manganese (more than 0.1 mg / dm 3) give the water an astringent taste. The taste of tea prepared with such water also deteriorates significantly. Such water is unsuitable for some processes in the food industry, it gives butter, cheese and other food products unpleasant aftertaste, in everyday life (stains linen during washing, etc.). Chemical indicators of water source pollution. These include substances that are contained in the urine and feces of people and animals, or their decay products (organic compounds, ammonia, nitrites, nitrates, chlorides, etc.). These compounds, by themselves, in the amounts that they occur in fresh water are harmless to human health and only indicate contamination of soil and water. But along with them, water can also contain pathogenic microorganisms.

Special methods for improving water quality Deodorization - achieved by aerating water, treating with oxidants, filtering through a layer activated carbon and others. Deironing - produced by aeration in cooling towers. Softening - filtration through ion exchanger filters. Desalination - ion exchanger filters, electrodialysis, freezing. Decontamination - filtration through ion-exchange filters Defluorination of water - ion-exchange filters. Fluoridation is the addition of silicofluoride or sodium fluoride to water.