Alluvial plain. The meaning of alluvial plains in the Great Soviet Encyclopedia, bse Alluvial lowlands
ALLUVIAL PLAINS
plains, plains formed as a result of the accumulative activity of large rivers at the site of extensive subsidence of the earth's crust. Composed from the surface by river deposits, the thickness of which reaches several tens and even hundreds of meters (Hungarian lowland, plains along the valleys of the Ganges and Po rivers).
Great Soviet Encyclopedia, TSB. 2012
See also interpretations, synonyms, meanings of the word and what is ALLUVIAL PLAINS in Russian in dictionaries, encyclopedias and reference books:
- PLAINS
- PLAINS
Rivers differ from uplands (see) in that they are at a low altitude above sea level. It can be roughly assumed that the plains ... - PLAINS in the Modern Encyclopedic Dictionary:
- PLAINS in the Encyclopedic Dictionary:
areas of the land surface, the bottom of the oceans and seas, characterized by small slopes and slight fluctuations in altitude. On land, there are plains lying below ... - PLAINS in the Big Russian Encyclopedic Dictionary:
PLAINS, areas of the land surface, the bottom of the oceans and seas, characterized by insignificant. height fluctuations. On land, R. are distinguished, lying below ur. m., ... - PLAINS in the Encyclopedia of Brockhaus and Efron:
? Rivers differ from uplands (see) in that they are at a low altitude above sea level. One can roughly assume that... - PLAINS in the Dictionary of the Russian Language Lopatin:
Plains, -`in: Great Plains... - PLAINS in the Complete Spelling Dictionary of the Russian Language:
Plains, -in: Great Plains... - PLAINS in the Spelling Dictionary:
plains, -`in: great plains ... - PLAINS in the Modern Explanatory Dictionary, TSB:
areas of the land surface, the bottom of the oceans and seas, characterized by slight fluctuations in altitude. On land, plains are distinguished, lying below sea level, low-lying ... - THE USSR. SUSHI RELIEF
sushi orography. According to the predominant nature of the relief, the land surface of the USSR is subdivided into a large area (66%), relatively low, open to the north. ... - ACCUMULATIVE PLAINS in the Great Soviet Encyclopedia, TSB:
plains, plains, formed as a result of long-term accumulation (accumulation) of strata of loose sedimentary rocks of various origins: marine (plains of marine accumulation, or primary), river ... - RUSSIA, DIV. Pridneprovskaya RUSSIA IX - XII CENTURIES in the Brief Biographical Encyclopedia:
A sad fact of Russian history should be considered the establishment of Slavic colonization on the Russian plain. When and how did this placement take place, exactly ... - ALLOWER DEPOSITS in the Big Encyclopedic Dictionary:
(placers) accumulations of gold, platinum, diamonds and other valuable minerals in loose deposits formed due to the destruction of primary deposits. By origin... - HINDUSTAN in the Big Encyclopedic Dictionary:
peninsula in southern Asia, mainly in India. OK. 2 million km2. It is washed by the Arabian m. (in the west) and the Bay of Bengal. … - JOS PLATEAU in the Big Encyclopedic Dictionary:
(Jos Plateau) mining district in Nigeria. Alluvial, stockwork and pegmatite deposits of tin; have been developed since 1909. The total reserves of tin are 280 thousand ... - JAR in the Big Encyclopedic Dictionary:
(Bangka) a flat island that is part of the B. Sunda Islands, off the east coast of Sumatra, the territory of Indonesia. 11.6 thousand km2. Remaining hills up to ... - ALLUVIUM in the Big Encyclopedic Dictionary:
(from lat. alluvio - sediment) (alluvial deposits) deposits of permanent and temporary water flows (rivers, streams), consisting of clastic material of various ... - JAPAN in the Great Soviet Encyclopedia, TSB:
(Japanese: Nippon, Nihon). I. General information Ya - a state located on the islands Pacific Ocean, near the coast East Asia. As part of… - YAMAL-NENETS AUTONOMOUS DISTRICT in the Great Soviet Encyclopedia, TSB:
autonomous okrug, part of the Tyumen region of the RSFSR. It was formed on December 10, 1930. It is located in the extreme north of the West Siberian Plain; about 50% of the territory ... - JAMAICA in the Great Soviet Encyclopedia, TSB:
(Jamaica), a state in the West Indies, in the Caribbean Sea on about. Jamaica and adjacent small islands. Part of the British Commonwealth. … - YAKUT AUTONOMOUS SOVIET SOCIALIST REPUBLIC in the Great Soviet Encyclopedia, TSB:
Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic, Yakutia. As part of the RSFSR. It was formed on April 27, 1922. It is located in the north of Eastern Siberia, in the basin of the river. … - JAVA in the Great Soviet Encyclopedia, TSB:
(Java), an island in the Malay Archipelago, in the Greater Sunda Islands; Indonesia's main economic region. The area is 126.5 thousand km2. The population around… - SOUTH AMERICA in the Great Soviet Encyclopedia, TSB:
America. I. General information. Yu. A. - the southern mainland of the Western Hemisphere between 12 | 28 "N (Cape Gallinas on the Guajira Peninsula) ... - SOUTH OSSETIAN AUTONOMOUS REGION in the Great Soviet Encyclopedia, TSB:
Autonomous region, South Ossetia, part of the Georgian SSR. Formed on April 20, 1922. Area 3.9 thousand km 2. Population 103 thousand ... - CHUKOTSKY AUTONOMOUS DISTRICT in the Great Soviet Encyclopedia, TSB:
Autonomous Okrug, part of the Magadan Region of the RSFSR. Formed December 10, 1930. Located in the extreme north-east. THE USSR. Occupies Chukotka Peninsula, adjacent ... - CHECHEN-INGUSH AUTONOMOUS SOVIET SOCIALIST REPUBLIC in the Great Soviet Encyclopedia, TSB:
Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic, Checheno-Ingushetia, part of the RSFSR. Formed as an autonomous region on January 15, 1934; transformed into the ASSR on December 5 ... - tantalum ores in the Great Soviet Encyclopedia, TSB:
ores, natural mineral formations containing Ta in such compounds and quantities at which its industrial extraction is technically possible and economically ... - THE USSR. PHYSICAL AND GEOGRAPHICAL (NATURAL) COUNTRIES in the Great Soviet Encyclopedia, TSB:
(natural) countries There are several schemes for the physiographic zoning of a country's territory. This article uses a scheme according to which the territory of the USSR ... - UNITED STATES OF AMERICA in the Great Soviet Encyclopedia, TSB:
States of America (USA) (United States of America, USA). I. General information USA - state in North America. Area 9.4 million ... - NORTH AMERICA in the Great Soviet Encyclopedia, TSB:
America. I. General Information SA is a mainland in the Western Hemisphere. Extreme points: in the north - Cape Murchison (71 | 50 "s. ... - Placer in the Great Soviet Encyclopedia, TSB:
placer deposits, accumulations on earth's surface small fragments of rocks or minerals arising from the destruction of primary mineral deposits or ... - RUSSIAN SOVIET FEDERAL SOCIALIST REPUBLIC, RSFSR
- PLAIN in the Great Soviet Encyclopedia, TSB:
one of the most important elements of the relief of the surface of the land, the bottom of the seas and oceans, characterized by small fluctuations in heights and slight slopes. On the land … - PALEOGENE SYSTEM (PERIOD) in the Great Soviet Encyclopedia, TSB:
system (period), Paleogene (from paleo... and Greek genos - birth, age), the most ancient system of the Cenozoic group, corresponding to the first period of the Cenozoic ... - MALAYSIA in the Great Soviet Encyclopedia, TSB:
(Malaysia), Federation of Malaysia. I. General information A state in Southeast Asia, consisting of two parts separated by the South China Sea: ... - INDIA in the Great Soviet Encyclopedia, TSB:
(in Hindi - Bharat); official name Republic of India. I. General information I. - a state in South Asia, in the basin ... - GOLD ORES in the Great Soviet Encyclopedia, TSB:
ores and placers, natural mineral formations, the content and total amount of gold in which are sufficient for the economically profitable extraction of this metal. … - PLANET EARTH) in the Great Soviet Encyclopedia, TSB:
(from the common Slavic earth - floor, bottom), the third planet in order from the Sun solar system, astronomical sign Å or, +. I... - EUROPE (PART OF THE WORLD) in the Great Soviet Encyclopedia, TSB:
(Greek Europe, from Assyrian ereb - west; in Ancient Greece this was the name of the territories lying to the west of the Aegean Sea), part ... - EURASIA in the Great Soviet Encyclopedia, TSB:
the largest continent of the Earth, consisting of two parts of the world - Europe and Asia. Together with the islands, E. occupies an area ... - BISMUTH ORES in the Great Soviet Encyclopedia, TSB:
ores, mineral formations containing bismuth in quantities at which it is economically feasible to extract it. Bismuth is found in ores in the form of … - BOLIVIA in the Great Soviet Encyclopedia, TSB:
(Bolivia), Republic of Bolivia (Republica de Bolivia). I. General information B. - the state in the central part South America. It borders on S... - AFRICA (MAINTERIC) in the Great Soviet Encyclopedia, TSB:
I. General information Concerning the origin of the word "Africa" there are great disagreements among scientists. Two hypotheses deserve attention: one of them explains ... - ASIA (PART OF THE WORLD) in the Great Soviet Encyclopedia, TSB.
- RUSSIA. PHYSICAL GEOGRAPHY: SOILS OF RUSSIA in the Encyclopedic Dictionary of Brockhaus and Euphron:
b54_050-5.jpg Schematic soil map European Russia Heading from north to south, we meet six soil belts, more or less gradually ... - RUSSIA. HISTORY: HISTORY OF RUSSIA in the Encyclopedic Dictionary of Brockhaus and Euphron:
I Dnieper Russia IX-XII centuries. b55_452-0.jpg The initial fact of Russian history should be considered the establishment of Slavic colonization on the Russian plain. When and … - SEDIMENTS in the Encyclopedic Dictionary of Brockhaus and Euphron:
In addition to sedimentary and massive rocks, they participate in the structure of the earth's crust, usually covering the last, special formations that owe their origin to the activity of fluid ...
plains formed as a result of the accumulative activity of large rivers at the site of extensive subsidence of the earth's crust. Composed from the surface by river deposits, the thickness of which reaches several tens and even hundreds of meters (Hungarian lowland, plains along the valleys of the Ganges and Po rivers).
- - the same as floodplain soils ...
Agricultural Encyclopedic Dictionary
- - are formed in flooded river valleys from river sediments. Fertile...
Agricultural dictionary-reference book
- - - prom. accumulations of grains of useful minerals in clastic deposits of the Alluvium channel facies of permanent and temporary water flows ...
Geological Encyclopedia
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An example is loess plains with tape burs. Alluvial plains Don and its tributaries with boron terraces, landscapes of opal and overgrazing areas in the south of Russia with alternating plowed plains and forest slopes.[ ...]
Saline soils are widespread on the alluvial plains of many large rivers, such as the Volga, Don, Dnieper, Irtysh, and Amu Darya, and in lakeside depressions on coastal alluvial plains and ancient terraces. Salt soils here are confined mainly to negative landforms. They abound in estuaries, oxbow lakes and various depressions.[ ...]
In the north of the interfluve, flat and flat-ridged lacustrine-alluvial plains predominate, as a rule, in combination with numerous depressions. In the southern part of the interfluve, the main type of relief is flat and terraced lacustrine plains. Some scholars attribute the south of the Ubagan-Ishim interfluve to the Z.-S. lowlands (Nikolaev, 1992), others (Natural zoning I960) are considered as the northern outskirts of the Turgai plateau (pre-Turgai plains).[ ...]
In terms of relief, Western Siberia is a flat and accumulative plain. Here there are only separate hills of tectonic or glacial-tectonic origin. Their area is small; genetic types of flat relief predominate - fluvioglacial and alluvial plains. The general flatness is combined with an abundance of depressions, many of which are peaty lakes or channels of an ancient river network. Lake basins are genetically mostly glacial-tectonic, glacial, water-glacial, karst, fluvial (floodplain), and eolian (Zemtsov, 1976). The formation of the river network in this area took place in the early - early Middle Pleistocene, and its formation - in the late Pleistocene. A significant part of this decrepit and hydrologically inactive river network on flat interfluve areas was also a hotbed of active peat accumulation in the Holocene.[ ...]
The group of stows of the main slightly wavy surfaces of loamy lacustrine-alluvial plains is formed under conditions of optimal atmospheric moisture and drainage.[ ...]
On the other hand, large deltas and even entire alluvial plains are mainly built from river sediments. The study shows that the water arteries that accumulated them were distinguished by high turbidity. Nowadays, such deltas, in the presence of appropriate climatic conditions intensively plowed and cut through by irrigation systems. Rice cultivation and other types of crop production in the deltas of the Huang He, Yangtze, Mekong, Salween, Irrawaddy, Ganges and Brahmaputra, Indus, Shat al-Arab, Nile and other rivers feed and employ hundreds of millions of people.[ ...]
The depressions in which alluvial fans appear are very diverse. They can be alluvial plains or valleys (for example,), drainless drainage basins with or without tectonically active margins, as well as bodies of stagnant water, such as seas and lakes.[ ...]
river deltas. Some rivers, when flowing into the sea or a large lake, are unloaded from traction sediments, forming low-lying plains composed of young alluvial sediments. For their resemblance to the capital Greek letter A, such estuarine alluvial plains were called deltas. Deltas are usually dissected by many branches and channels, heavily watered and covered with marsh vegetation. The largest delta in the world - about 100 thousand km2 - is formed by the river. Amazon; river delta area Mekong - about 70 thousand km2. In the USSR, the Lena delta is the largest - about 30 thousand km2. It has more than 800 channels, the depth and shape of which change after each flood. The Volga delta (19 thousand km2) is well studied, densely overgrown with reeds, reeds and cattails.[ ...]
Clear Fork, are represented by laminar mudstones, arkosic channel sandstones, and calcretes deposited on a desert alluvial plain. The distribution of the sulfate sebkha and salt basin environments was very stable over the time of formation accumulation, so that significant anhydrite and halite thicknesses accumulated during steady subsidence.[ ...]
Disordered drainage network - characterized by a large transit river, into which small, short tributaries flow, weakly draining the adjacent flat plain. Here, the sequence of connection of watercourses of different rank is broken, and elementary tributaries flow immediately into a river of high rank. Such an uncoordinated drainage network is characteristic of relatively young accumulative landforms with a flat surface and a high level of the groundwater table. These are depressions and watered plains with a large area of swamps and lakes. Regional rivers can pass through an area without draining it. Such a pattern is common for glacial and alluvial plains-depressions, composed of dense deposits of considerable thickness.[ ...]
Waterlogging processes on heavy rocks were studied on the watershed of the Vol-Yegan (a tributary of the Vakh) and the Maly Nai-Yakh (a tributary of the Nazinskaya River, which flows into the Ob), in the Nan-Yakh area. This area is a lacustrine-alluvial plain, adhering from the south to the western tip of the Vakh continent (Olyunin, 1977). It is confined to a large uplift, the Aleksandrovsky megaswell, but is located in its marginal part, where the wings of the uplift noticeably smooth out and are absorbed by adjacent depressions (Boyarskikh et al., 1965; Rudkevich et al., 1965).[ ...]
Dillenaceae are characterized by a wide ecological range, occurring from humid tropical (rain) forests to areas with a very long dry period. They grow on plains and hills or on small (up to 300-(500 m above sea level) heights and mountains, sometimes rising up to 1000-1500 m and very rarely up to 2000 m, for example, mountain dil-lsia (G), monlaua). In marshy forests, on alluvial plains flooded during river floods, there is a reticulated dillepia (I), reticulata), which has stilted lint up to 2 m high. A remarkable feature of this tree is that stilted lint develops in it even in those cases when it grows on the slopes of dry hills, away from the rivers.[ ...]
The zonal type of valley-river complexes (a generalized concept) finds its expression in morphological types: 1) undeveloped valleys without a clearly defined differentiation into structural parts. They are known on the low plains of the Caspian type; 2) inversion valleys, in which the water level in the riverbed, protected by natural coastal ridges, is higher than the alluvial plains. During high waters and floods, the river often breaks through the ramparts, flooding vast areas of the lowlands. Inversion valleys are rare, they are found in the lowlands in the lower reaches of rivers, depositing a mass of suspended material and wandering in these sediments. The Yellow River is notable in this respect. Its channel is located 3-10 m above the adjacent plains, the length of protective dams is about 5 thousand km. In the USSR, the valley of the Terek River in the mouth part belongs to the inversion type; 3) young V-shaped valleys, devoid of a developed floodplain and floodplain terraces; 4) mature incomplete (slopeless) valleys with a wide floodplain and a series of terraces above the floodplain, but devoid of bedrock slopes. The upper terraces near these valleys morphologically imperceptibly pass into watersheds or themselves become such for rivers of the second order; 5) mature full valleys, characterized by a fully developed valley-river landscape complex with a developed channel, floodplain, terraces above the floodplain, steep (mainly right) and gentle primary slopes.[ ...]
Artificial drainage network - in humid regions, reclamation ditches are carried out to lower the groundwater table. The drainage network under these conditions indicates low and low flat lacustrine, glacial lacustrine, moraine and alluvial plains. Irrigation ditches and ditches are created in arid climate.[ ...]
So, the soil cover on the territory of the object of study is represented mainly by varieties of podzolic and bog types of soil formation, slightly floodplain, manifested in the conditions of periglacial terraced lacustrine-alluvial plains under middle taiga plant associations.[ ...]
N. A. Solntsev, S. V. Kalesnik, A. G. Isachenko). In this narrowly regional interpretation, the landscape is close to what other authors mean by a specific physical-geographic region.[ ...]
Coarse-grained members, with their set of more characteristic sedimentary textures, have attracted much attention from earlier explorers, and their diversity is well documented. In contrast, sediments of fine-grained units have only recently begun to attract interest, as it has become clear that their more subtle changes can allow deeper insight into the secrets of the paleoclimate and large-scale geomorphology of ancient alluvial plains.[ ...]
Upper Jurassic carbonate deposits are also widely represented on the Atlantic margin of Europe. In the Lusitanian Basin of Portugal, during the Jurassic, a thickness of up to 5000 m was formed. Despite the significant diversity of facies types of deposits, the predominant role in the sections, according to R. Wilson obtained in 1975, is played by carbonate rocks of shallow water genesis. Layers of coarse-grained limestones correspond in this case to large sand bars and oyster banks, thin-layered limestones correspond to deposits of the inner parts of lagoons and tidal flats. Laterally, limestones are replaced by terrigenous reds - deposits of alluvial plains and alluvial fans of temporary flows. Members of deltaic sediments were also found here, with which quite thick horizons of brown coals are associated.[ ...]
Particularly thick sequences of continental redstones, aged from 262 to 203 million years, are found in areas adjacent to the modern margin of Morocco (Moroccan Mezeta and the High Atlas). The thickness of only the lower strata of conglomerates and gravelly sandstones developed in the valley of the river. Argen, reaches, according to R. Brown, obtained in 1974, 2000-2500 m. In time, the formation of conglomerates associated with the activity of drying up water flows was replaced by the accumulation of sandstones, siltstones and clayey siltstones of the channel and floodplain facies. The thickness of this sequence is more than 1000 m. Argen penetrated the sea and in the conditions of tidal terraces began the precipitation of gypsum, dolomite and marl.[ ...]
Meandering rivers are those rivers whose channels have a distinctly meandering character. Their tortuosity is usually regular, and its dimensions are related to the width of the channel. Meandering appears to be characteristic feature areas with a slight slope of the surface. It is favored by the presence of a large amount of fine-grained sediments both along the river banks and in the general solid runoff. Meandering rivers reveal a more regular character of channel processes and a clearer separation of the channel and floodplain settings than slightly meandering rivers. They are usually observed on alluvial plains, both within the boundaries of a valley or terraces, and in a less limited area. The coastal plain of the Gulf of Mexico in the southern United States is crossed by a whole series of meandering rivers, each of which has its own zone of influence. At any this moment time the river itself occupies only a small part of the valley or zone of influence. The channel is located within the meandering belt, which is a complex zone of settings of active and dead channels and adjacent floodplain settings. Outside the meandering belt are more remote areas of the floodplain. With a strong tortuosity of the channel, the position of the meandering belt can remain constant for a long time, since clay plugs formed when channel channels are blocked prevent lateral migration of the channel.
Arising as a result of the accumulative activity of large rivers. Particularly extensive alluvial plains arise when rivers wander in areas of tectonic subsidence. From the surface they are formed by river deposits (most often sands of various sizes), the thickness of which can reach up to several hundred meters (Indo-Gangetic plain, Congo depression, Hungarian lowland, and so on).
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An excerpt characterizing the Alluvial Plain
Summer has come without a hitch. And it was this summer (according to my mother's promise) that I was supposed to see the sea for the first time. I have been waiting for this moment since the winter, as the sea was my old “great” dream. But by a completely stupid accident, my dream almost turned into dust. There were only a couple of weeks left before the trip, and in my mind I was almost “sitting on the shore” ... But, as it turned out, it was still far from the shore. It was a nice warm summer day. Nothing special happened. I was lying in the garden under my favorite old apple tree, reading a book and dreaming about my favorite gingerbread… Yes, yes, gingerbread. From a small neighborhood shop.
I don't know if I've ever eaten anything tastier after? Even after so many years, I still remember the amazing taste and smell of this amazing delicacy that melts in your mouth! They were always fresh and unusually soft, with a dense sweet crust of icing that burst at the slightest touch. Stunningly smelling of honey and cinnamon, and something else that was almost impossible to catch ... It was for these gingerbreads that I was going to go without hesitation for a long time. It was warm, and I (according to our common custom) was dressed only in short shorts. The store was nearby, just a couple of houses away (there were three of them on our street!).