What is nature - living and non-living objects, natural phenomena, communities and ecosystems. Objects of inanimate nature Environment objects of inanimate nature

All nature is colorful, unique and functions according to an algorithm unknown to any living soul on Earth. This gives rise to a huge mystery that many cannot solve to this day.

To understand the differences between wildlife and non-living nature, you need to know what exactly refers to wildlife, how the life cycle of organisms proceeds, and what is the significance of all this in the biorhythms of the entire planet.

What is related to wildlife

Nature is an environment that has emerged and is in development without human intervention. Living beings and inanimate bodies organically coexist in it.

Living things include:

Human;
animals;
birds;
fish;
plants;
microorganisms (bacteria, viruses and fungi - survive in any conditions).

It is important to note that the bodies of the inanimate environment have a primary meaning, because all life exists thanks to the gifts of the inanimate environment.

signs

To figure out which creatures are part of the living and non-living environment, it is necessary to know their essence and distinctive features.

All living things on the planet:

is born;
breathes;
grows and develops;
capable of responding to environment;
eats;
breeds;
getting old;
dies.

Nature has endowed all living things with respiratory organs: in humans and animals they are lungs, in fish - gills, in plants - cells that absorb carbon dioxide.

For nutrition, plants need water and soil fertilizers, animals eat grass, insects, and some other animals, a person needs a variety of diets.

All living things move: a person moves with his feet, animals walk on their paws, and plants and flowers turn towards the sun.

An important factor for the normal functioning of all types of objects is comfortable living conditions. For each individual, certain features in the field of climate are important. For example, individuals rainforest can't survive in arctic belt Earth, because for a comfortable existence they need heat.

Difference from inanimate nature

Living matter, according to the definition of V. I. Vernadsky, is a set of organisms that participate in various biochemical processes, regardless of their systematic affiliation. For life cycle they form complex chemical elements, and after death they return to the bosom of nature, nourishing it.

Distinctive features and scheme of living and inanimate nature:

living	inanimate
made up of cells	made up of atoms and molecules
consists of macromolecular organic compounds - biopolymers (protein and nucleic acids: RNA and DNA)	consists of elementary particles of an atom
reproduces on its own	breeds by artificial means in laboratories
the ability to develop physiologically, to adapt to changes in the environment	physiological development is impossible
can mutate	unable to mutate

In their functions, inanimate objects are completely opposite to all living things. They lack the capacity for birth, growth, nutrition, reproduction, aging and death.

Examples of inanimate environment objects:

Sun;
air;
snow;
rain;
wind;
the soil;
water;
stones;
wind;
space objects;
sand.

Some bodies of inanimate nature are endowed with functions of living nature, which is reflected in the process of the beginning and end of their life cycle.

Processes reflecting the signs of vital activity of living beings:

birth;
height;
destruction (death).

The bodies in which these processes are observed include crystals, icebergs, volcanoes, large rivers that have arisen from glacial rocks.

Objects of the inanimate environment are distinguished by the following features:

slight variability;
steady state;
inability to breathe and eat;
the absence of the process of reproduction (once they arise, in the future they do not disappear, but, under the influence of natural conditions may be destroyed or transformed);
inertia (impossibility of movement);
inability to grow (physiologically).

Classification

According to scientific research in the field of biology, all living organisms are divided into kingdoms, types, classes and species.

The types include:

cellular (cells);
non-cellular (viruses).

The classification of living beings is studied by the scientific branch - systematics.

It includes:

Bacteria (prokaryotes). Microscopic and unicellular organisms lacking a nucleus and organelles. This also includes primitive unicellular algae - cyanides, as well as archaea, who love extreme sports. Archaea live in hot springs, salt waters Dead Sea, in the intestines of animals and soil. Bacteria live everywhere earth's surface as well as on mountain tops.
Protists (eukaryotes). These are microorganisms with a nucleus in the cells. This structure of the body is characteristic of diatoms, peridinea, euglenoids and other flagellar algae. The most famous of the protists are unicellular diatoms with 10 thousand varieties, as well as euglenoids with 60 species that live in freshwater reservoirs.
Mushrooms. They are divided into three categories - hat, yeast and mucor. According to their composition, fungal compounds are rich in protein composition, they are in the middle between flora and fauna. They include spore organisms, mold. There are edible and poisonous.
Plants. Multicellular organisms that are incapable of locomotion. The basis of plant cells is cellulose, and the inner part contains the nucleus and cytoplasm with organelles. The presence of a chloroplast helps the plant world, with the help of the energy of the sun, to translate inorganic substances into organic (photosynthesis). Plants produce oxygen and absorb carbon dioxide.
Animals. These are all organisms that feed on ready-made organic compounds (plants or other animals, as well as their remains). These are single-celled living creatures (amoeba, ciliate shoe), huge mammals, birds, fish, amphibians, and insects. Due to the presence of the musculoskeletal system, the body of the animal is able to move. The work of the whole organism is regulated by internal organs.

The human body belongs to the animal kingdom.

The natural environment is endowed with a large arsenal of inanimate objects. All subjects and concepts related to them are actively explored in the field of chemistry, astronomy, physics, biology, geology, hydrography, biology, zoology, botany and many other scientific fields. Philosophy deals with the study of the relationship and harmony of all components with the human essence.

The classification of inanimate bodies includes:

hard;
liquid;
gaseous.

Solid bodies are distinguished by a stable structure, no need to breathe, eat and grow.

Solids include:

rocks;
minerals;
space objects;
glaciers;
icebergs;
Sun;
moon;
hail and snow;
sand and crystal;
stones and gold.

Liquid bodies are distinguished by the absence of a clear form, the presence of a fluid state and the absence of common features with wildlife.

They include:

rain;
dew;
fog;
clouds;
streams;
rivers;
volcanic lava.

An equally important role in normal functioning planets play gaseous bodies.

They include:

gases;
air masses;
water vapor;
stars.

The largest object consisting of gas particles is the atmosphere of the planet Earth. Under the influence of environmental conditions, changes can occur in it.

Life cycle

Unlike inanimate organisms, the activity of the organism of individuals is regulated by certain biorhythms. Violation of the active functioning of the body leads to poor metabolism, as a result of which the object first falls ill, then dies.

The life cycle of all living individuals proceeds in the same way:

Birth, growth and development. The bone gradually turns into a tree, Small child grows into an adult.
Reproduction. Everything gives birth to similar beings.
Death is the end of the life cycle. The causes of death may be disease, old age or murder. Death characterizes the cessation of all body functions, as a result of which the living organism stops breathing, moving, eating and drinking.

After death, the process of decomposition of the body into chemical elements takes place, which become fertilizer for the soil, and the living individual gradually becomes an object of inanimate nature.

Meaning

All inanimate objects are of primary importance, as they appeared earlier. It is also important that without inanimate objects the existence of life will be impossible. Thus, all types of nature have a close relationship with each other.

An important role in all life on the planet is played by four important objects of inanimate origin:

Sun. Without sun rays nothing can grow and mature, therefore, no living organism can exist.
Air. All living organisms need air. If mass air pollution occurs on the planet or the ozone layer all living things will perish.
Water. There will also be no life without water. Can't survive human body, animals will die, plants will dry out, and for fish this is generally the main habitat.
The soil. This is the main environment for the growth of plants, vegetables and fruits, grains, everything that is necessary for nutrition.

For their part, all living individuals exert at least important influence on inanimate bodies and phenomena. The inhabitants of reservoirs, rivers, seas, oceans contribute to maintaining chemical composition water. Plants and animals after death, rotting, nourish the soil with microelements.

Everything in the world is closely interconnected, therefore it is necessary to preserve and protect the environment around us, to use its gifts rationally. When humanity lives in harmony with nature, then she will thank him a hundredfold clean air, organically natural products, and, as a result, good health.

Video

From the video you can learn more about the structure and properties of living organisms, their relationship with inanimate nature.

Nature is everything that surrounds us and pleases the eye. Since ancient times, it has become the object of research. It was thanks to her that people were able to comprehend the basic principles of the universe, as well as make an unimaginable number of discoveries for humanity. Today, conditionally, nature can be divided into living and non-living with all the elements and features inherent only to these types.

Not Live nature- this is a kind of symbiosis of the simplest elements, all kinds of substances and energies. This includes resources, stones, natural phenomena, planets and stars. Inanimate nature often becomes a subject for study by chemists, physicists, geologists and other scientists.

Microorganisms are able to survive in almost any environment where there is water. They are present even in hard rocks. A feature of microorganisms is the possibility of rapid and intensive reproduction. All microorganisms have horizontal gene transfer, that is, in order to spread their influence, a microorganism does not have to pass genes to its descendants. They can develop with the help of plants, animals and other living organisms. It is this factor that allows them to survive in any environment. Some microorganisms are able to survive even in space.

Distinguish between beneficial microorganisms and harmful ones. The beneficial ones contribute to the development of life on the planet, while the harmful ones are created in order to destroy it. But in some cases, harmful microorganisms can become beneficial. For example, with the help of some viruses, severe diseases are treated.

Vegetable world

The plant world today is large and multifaceted. Today, there are many natural parks that collect a large number of stunning plants. Without plants, there can be no life on Earth, because thanks to them, oxygen is produced, which is necessary for most living organisms. Plants also absorb carbon dioxide, which damages the planet's climate and human health.

Plants are multicellular organisms. Today, no ecosystem can be imagined without them. Plants serve not only as an element of beauty on Earth, but they are also very useful for humans. In addition to generating fresh air Plants are a valuable source of food.

Conventionally, plants can be divided according to nutritional characteristics: which can be eaten and which cannot. Edible plants include various herbs, nuts, fruits, vegetables, grains, and some algae. Inedible plants include trees, many ornamental grasses, and shrubs. The same plant can contain both an edible element and an inedible element at the same time. For example, an apple tree and an apple, a currant bush and a currant berry.

Animal world

The animal world is amazing and diverse. It represents the entire fauna of our planet. The features of animals are the ability to move, breathe, eat, reproduce. During the existence of our planet, many animals disappeared, many evolved, and some simply appeared. Today, animals are divided into different classifications. Depending on the habitat and mode of survival, they are waterfowl or amphibians, carnivores or herbivores, etc. Also, animals are classified depending on the degree of domestication: wild and domestic.

Wild animals are distinguished by their free behavior. Among them, both herbivores and carnivores that feed on meat are distinguished. A wide variety of animal species live in different parts of the world. They all try to adapt to the place in which they live. If it's glaciers and high mountains, then the coloring of the animals will be light. In the desert and steppe, the color ocher prevails more. Each animal tries to survive by any means, and the change in the color of their coat or feathers is the main proof of this adaptation.

Domestic animals were also once wild. But they were tamed by man for his needs. He began to breed pigs, cows and sheep. As protection began to use dogs. For entertainment, he tamed cats, parrots and other animals. The importance of pets in a person's life is very high if he is not a vegetarian. From animals he receives meat, milk, eggs, wool for clothing.

Living and non-living nature in art

Man has always respected and appreciated nature. He understands that his existence is possible only in harmony with her. Therefore, there are many creations of great artists, musicians and poets about nature. Some artists, depending on their commitment to one or another element of nature, created their own trends in art. There were such directions as landscape and still life. The great Italian composer Vivaldi devoted many of his works to nature. One of his outstanding concerts is "The Four Seasons".

Nature is very important to man. The more he takes care of her, the more he gets in return. It is necessary to love and respect her, and then life on the planet will be much better!

The world around us is rich and varied. Forests, lakes, mountains, steppes, the sun, water, air - everything that a person did not create with his own hands, this is called nature .. Scientists devoted their lives to its knowledge different countries peace. As a result of study, research and experiments, sciences have been formed, each of which studies certain areas in nature. Let's take a closer look in the article.

The Greek word - "biology", is translated as the doctrine of life, i.e. about all living things that surrounds us. And nature surrounds us. All living things have the ability to be born and die. To sustain life, all living things need to eat, drink, and breathe. Thus, biology studies that part of nature that lives.

This science originated in antiquity, only, at that time, it did not have such a name. In the 19th century, the term "biology" was introduced by a number of scientists. Since then, biology has been distinguished from the natural sciences. Biology has many areas - genetics, biophysics, anatomy, ecology, botany, etc.

What science studies inanimate nature

In order to better understand the laws of inanimate nature, the sciences were distributed as follows:

physics - studies the general questions of nature, its laws;
chemistry - studies substances, their structures and properties;
astronomy - studies the planets, their origin, properties, structure;
geography studies the surface of the earth, climate, the economic and political situation of countries and their population.

Signs of wildlife

Each representative of wildlife has an organism in which complex chemical processes occur. You can understand what is in front of you - a representative of animate or inanimate nature, if you think:

Where did this object come from;
Does he need food and water;
Does he have the ability to move - walk, crawl, fly, swim, turn to the sun;
Does he need air;
What is the duration of his life.

Properties of bodies of wildlife

Any plants, animals, birds, insects and even humans have an organism that needs food, water, air.

Birth and growth - with the birth of each living being, cells begin to divide, due to which the growth of the organism occurs.
Reproduction is the production of their own kind, the transfer of genetic information to them.
Nutrition - food and water are necessary for growth and development, due to which cells grow.
Breathing - if there is no air, all living things will die. Inside the cells that all living organisms have, chemical processes are formed - the release of energy.
The ability to move. All living organisms move. Man, with the help of legs, animals with the help of paws, fins help fish, plants react to sunlight and turn to him. The movement of some organisms is difficult to notice.
Sensitivity - response to sounds, light, temperature changes.
Dying is the end of life. Nothing living lives forever, dying can happen according to different reasons. Natural death occurs when the body grows old and loses the ability to continue life.

Wildlife examples

The world around us is very diverse. All its objects can be divided into kingdoms, there are four of them: bacteria, fungi, plants, animals.

The animal kingdom, in turn, is divided into species and subspecies.

The simplest organisms in the animal kingdom are protozoa. They have one cell, which has the ability to metabolize, move, and have mostly indistinct boundaries. Their size is so small that it is almost impossible to see them without a microscope. In nature, there are 40,000 of them. These include: amoeba, infusoria-shoe, green euglena.

The next subspecies are multicellular animals. These include most of the objects of the animal world - fish, birds, domestic and wild animals, spiders, cockroaches, worms.

All plants have the ability to reproduce and grow. They synthesize sunlight, due to which metabolism occurs. Plants also need water, without it they will die.

Plants include:

trees and shrubs;
grass;
flowers;
seaweed.

Bacteria are the most ancient inhabitants of our planet, having the simplest structure. But, despite this, they have the function of reproduction. The habitat of bacteria is very diverse - water, earth, air, and even glaciers and volcanoes.

Signs of inanimate nature

Look around and you will see many signs of inanimate nature: the sun, the moon, water, stones, planets. They do not require air and food for life, they cannot reproduce, they are relatively resistant to change. Mountains stand for thousands of years, the sun constantly shines, the planets revolve invariably around the sun, without changing their course. Only global cataclysms can destroy inanimate objects. Despite the fact that these objects belong to inanimate nature, we endlessly admire their beauty.

Inanimate objects examples

There are a great many objects that represent inanimate nature, some of them are able to change.

water at low temperatures turns into ice;
the icicle begins to melt if the temperature outside is positive.
Water can turn into steam when it boils.

Inanimate nature includes:

stones can lie in one place for thousands of years.

The planets always revolve around the sun.

sand in the desert - moves only under the influence of the wind.

Natural phenomena - lightning, rainbow, rain, snow, sunlight - also applies to inanimate nature.

Distinctive features of animate and inanimate nature

Living organisms are more complex than non-living ones. Both are made up of chemicals. But the composition of living organisms includes nucleic acids, proteins, fats, carbohydrates.

Nucleic acids are the hallmark of a living organism. They store and transmit genetic information (heredity).

The basis of all living things is the cell, from which the tissue is formed, and from it the organ system.
The exchange of matter and energy maintains life and communicates with the environment.
Reproduction - reproduction of their own kind, for example, stones do not have such an opportunity, only if they split it.
Irritability - if you kick a stone with your foot, he will not answer you, and if you kick a dog, he will begin to bark and may bite.
Living organisms are able to adapt to the world around them, for example, the giraffe has a long neck to get food where other animals cannot get it. If a giraffe is sent to the Arctic, it will die there, but polar bear feels great there. Adaptability, in the living world, is called evolution, which is, by and large, an endless process.
Living organisms tend to develop - increase in size, grow.

All of the factors listed above are absent in inanimate objects.

The connection between objects of animate and inanimate nature, a story with examples

The impossibility of existence without each other, animate and inanimate nature, determines their relationship. All living things need water, sun and air.

Man, as an individual of wildlife, needs water - to drink, air - to breathe, earth - to grow food, sun - to keep warm and get vitamin D. If at least one of the components disappears, the person will die.

Duck is a bird, a representative of wildlife. She creates her home in the thickets of reeds - a connection with flora. She gets food in the water, as she eats fish. The sun warms her, the wind helps her fly. Water and sun together allow you to raise offspring.

A flower grows from the ground, for him Growth needs water in the form of rain; energy needs sunlight.

Cow - grazes in the meadow (land), eats grass, hay, drinks water. Grass and hay are processed in her body and fertilize the earth.

Scheme of communication between animate and inanimate nature

Nature is the whole world around us, pleasing to the eye living and inanimate objects. She always attracted human attention, fascinated and surprised with her laws. Thanks to the study of nature, people have received a lot useful knowledge which are still in use today. Mankind has made many discoveries related to natural phenomena. The conditional division shows that there is animate and inanimate nature.

Living nature combines all the objects of the planet that develop, breathe, grow. It includes plants, animals and people, numerous microorganisms that live around. Wildlife brings bright colors to the world, making it more interesting and mysterious. It unites all living things different types, genera and ecosystems inherent in a certain territory at a certain time and conditions.

Wildlife objects

Diversity of wildlife cannot be described in simple terms, its objects include:

The main property of all living organisms can be considered the presence of life. There is no exact definition of this term, however, life can be represented as a set of such natural processes that take place in any organism, such as: metabolism, growth, instincts and reactions to nature around.

The diversity of living organisms on the planet is amazing. Each of the species exists now only because it went through natural selection in the process of evolution, was able to survive and adapt to aggressive environmental conditions. The history of the Earth shows that there have been many cataclysms leading to the extinction of entire species, an example is dinosaurs. At the same time, not all reptiles died out - many adapted and changed.

Life can be found in every corner of the planet, but humanity is of greatest interest. People have learned to think, they have their own consciousness, but no one can still say with 100% certainty that he knows everything about his body. Human body is a separate topic for study. Such a complex system requires a thorough study, which is what millions of scientists around the world are doing.

Everything that we see around us, everything that surrounds us and at the same time is not created by human hands - this is living and inanimate nature. It is distinguished by a wide variety of phenomena and processes. We learn what are the features of nature, and how living nature differs from inanimate.

Live nature

All objects of wildlife have important qualities: they are born, grow, eat, breathe, move, die. They need food, warmth, water and air to live. Living nature includes not only man, but also animals, plants and even microorganisms. Biology is a very extensive and important science that studies objects of wildlife.

Microorganisms

Long before animals appeared on our planet, it was already inhabited by tiny organisms invisible to the eye: bacteria, fungi, viruses. They can exist in almost any environment where there is at least some water. main feature of all microorganisms - the ability to multiply very quickly.

Rice. 1. Bacteria

Plants

The world of plants is very large and diverse. Without them, there would be no life on Earth, because plants produce the most important gas for breathing - oxygen. They also absorb harmful carbon dioxide, which is very bad for human health and the planet's climate.

Plants are an important food source for humans and animals. But you need to be very careful, because plants are edible (fruits, nuts, cereals, vegetables) and inedible (flowers, ornamental shrubs and grasses).

Inanimate nature

Inanimate objects include air, water, soil, minerals. They were the first to create our planet, and that is why objects of inanimate nature are often called primary.

They can be in three states:

solid (stones, mountains, sand, ice);
liquid (water, cloud, fog, oil);
gaseous (steam, air).

With objects of inanimate nature, no changes occur for many tens and hundreds of years. They do not breathe, reproduce or feed. Their size can increase or decrease, they can move in space, but only under the influence of external factors. Since they are not born, they never die.

Some inanimate objects can change their state. For example, water can be solid in the form of ice, liquid and gaseous in the form of steam. But it does not disappear anywhere and does not appear out of nowhere.

Table “Signs of animate and inanimate nature”

Relationship between animate and inanimate nature

Having considered examples of animate and inanimate nature, we can conclude that everything on our planet is interconnected, and everything is in harmony with each other. Living beings could not exist without objects of inanimate nature. And if there were no plants and animals, the Earth would look like a lifeless desert.

Rice. 3. Diagram of the relationship between animate and inanimate nature

What have we learned?

When studying one of interesting topics according to the program of the surrounding world of grades 1-2, we found out what applies to living and inanimate nature. An accessible abstract plan helped to identify the main differences between objects of living and inanimate nature, their close relationship with each other.

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