Examples of five Job Types. The most salty seas on earth Is the Mediterranean Sea salty

There are about 73 seas on Earth. They are part of the oceans. All objects are divided into different classifications. One of the criteria is the salinity of the water. Depending on this indicator, objects are divided into strongly and weakly salted. The saltiest sea in the world has been established. It is the Red Sea. Several objects have a controversial status. They are not classified as seas, but according to a number of indicators they are salt lakes. This applies to the Dead and Aral Seas. The latter is almost completely dry.

In Russia, even water bodies that are part of the Arctic Ocean are characterized by a high content of sodium chloride. The territory of the Russian Federation is washed by one object in which the salt level exceeds similar indicators in other seas. It is located in the east of the country. This is the Sea of ​​Japan. The salinity of its waters ranges from 33.7% to 34.3%. This value is lower than in the waters of the World Ocean. But in fact it is the most salty sea in Russia. This object is part of Pacific Ocean. It washes the territories of not only Russia, but also Japan, as well as two Koreas.

In the Russian Federation there are lakes in which the concentration of salts is regarded as very high. One of them is Bear. This salt Lake is an analogue Dead Sea in Russia. It is located on the territory of the Kurgan region. Bear is located in the interfluve of two reservoirs - Tobol and Ishim. The salt concentration in it reaches 360 g/l.

High rates of mineralization are also noted in lakes Elton and Baskunchak. The first is located in the Volgograd region, the second - in the Astrakhan region. In Elton, the average salt concentration is 279 g/l, and in some places 500 g/l. In Baskunchak - 300 g / l.

Top 10 saltiest seas in the world

The mineralization index in a separate object is determined based on the content of sodium chloride in a liter of water. Researchers continue to argue which is the saltiest sea in the world. A number of scientists classify some objects as lakes and do not consider them in a different status.

The list of the most salty seas in the world includes:

• dead;
• Red;
• Mediterranean;
• Aegean;
• Ionic;
• Japanese;
• Barents;
• Laptev;
• Chukchi;
• White.

Half of the objects from the list wash the shores of Russia. The status of first on the list continues to be disputed.

Dead Sea

This object is considered an endorheic lake in Israel, as well as Palestine and Jordan. The average level of minerals in the waters of the facility is 265 ppm. This value allows us to consider it one of the most saline lakes in the world. At the same time, it is not too large in size: the length is 67 km, and the width is 18. The maximum depth is 306 meters. The generally recognized largest salt lake in the world is the Caspian.

Red sea

This object is located between Africa and the Arabian Peninsula. It is part of the Indian Ocean. Its area is 450 thousand km2. It has the status of the most salty on the planet.

The object is unique in that no rivers flow into it. There are 41 g of salts per liter of water. Even the open ocean contains only 34 grams of minerals. But the most saline lake in the world (Dead) significantly exceeds the Red Sea in the concentration of sodium chloride. In the first, the salt level is 260-350 ppm, in the second - 41.

mediterranean

Located between the African continent and Europe. Its area is 2.5 million km2. In some places, the depth exceeds 5 km. Included in the top 3 objects of the World Ocean in terms of salinity. Its value fluctuates in the range of 36-39.5%.

The Mediterranean Sea also has the status of the warmest. In the eastern part, it can warm up to 300C. Even in winter period in its northern part, the water temperature does not fall below 80C.

Video: The most salty sea in the world Red Sea

Aegean

It is semi closed. It washes Turkey and Greece. It is considered one of the most salty. The mineralization of its waters is 37-39 ppm. In places, the salt concentration reaches 40%. It is the oldest body of water on the planet. Its age exceeds 20 thousand years.

Ionian

It is part of the Mediterranean, located between the Balkans and the Apennines and the islands of Sicily and Crete. Salinity reaches 38 ppm. This allows it to enter the top 5 objects of the World Ocean in terms of mineralization.

Japanese Sea

It is considered the most salty in Russia. The content of sodium chloride in it reaches 34.3 ppm. The area exceeds 1 thousand km2. Most great importance the depth of the object is 3.7 km. In the north, the reservoir is covered with ice.

The object is part of the Arctic Ocean. They are washed by the coastal zones of Norway and the Russian Federation. The area in the southwest does not freeze due to the influence of the warm North Atlantic Current.

The salinity of the reservoir is uneven. Its highest values ​​are noted in the southwestern part and amount to 35 ppm. Less mineralization is observed in the north - no higher than 33. The salinity of the object changes with the change of seasons. Summer in coastal zone it does not exceed 32 ppm, and in winter it rises to 34.5.

Laptev

Washes the northern part of Siberia. Its area is 672 thousand km2. The highest salinity index of the object is in its northwestern zone. In winter, it reaches 34 ppm. In the south, salinity is much lower - no more than 25. In summer, the concentration of substances in sea water in the north drops to 32 ppm. In the south, it ranges from 5 to 10. High salinity is noted in the depths of the waters. There, its values ​​\u200b\u200breach 33 ppm. The Laptev Sea is ranked among the most severe water bodies in terms of climate.

Chukchi

The object is also part of the Arctic Ocean. It is located between Alaska and Chukotka Peninsula. Salinity of the reservoir winter months ranges from 31 to 33 ppm. In summer, its value decreases to 28-32. Mineralization increases at depth. The reservoir has a harsh climate.

White Sea

The object washes the northern part of the European territory of Russia. Due to the significant inflow of water from the rivers, it has a relatively low salinity. Its value is 26 ppm. In deep waters, mineralization increases to 31.

Features of flora and fauna

The flora and fauna of the most salty seas of the world is diverse. The Dead Sea is almost completely lifeless. No fish, no animals, no plants live in it. Only higher mushrooms are adapted to high salinity.

The Red Sea is unique for its variety of corals. A large number of fish live there. There are also bottlenose dolphins, killer whales, green turtles, sharks and moray eels.

The flora of the Mediterranean Sea is not very diverse. Its waters are dominated different kinds algae. Animal world represented by crayfish, turtles, rays, octopuses, crabs, squids, jellyfish and spiny lobsters. There are over 540 species of fish.

The flora of the Aegean and Ionian Seas is identical to that of the Mediterranean. The fauna is diverse. The Aegean is rich in sponges, fish and octopuses, the Ionian is especially rich in mackerel, flounder and tuna.

The fauna and flora of the Sea of ​​Japan is heterogeneous. In the north it is less diverse than in the south. Laminaria and sea anemones live there. The waters are rich sea ​​urchins and stars, scallops, shrimp. In May there are crabs.

Algae and plankton are common in the Barents Sea. There are also about 20 species of commercial fish. Previously introduced king crab and snow crab are found there. Of the mammals, seals, beluga whales, polar bears and seals are common. There are numerous bird markets on the coast.

The flora and fauna of the Laptev Sea do not differ in diversity. 39 types of fish live there. Sardines, flounder and polar cod are common. Mammals include seals, bearded seals, walruses and seals. Several dozen species of birds live here.

In the Chukchi Sea, flora is scarce due to the severity of the climate. Of the animals, polar bears and walruses with seals are common. There are whales. The fish world is rich in polar cod and grayling.

How is the salinity of water measured?

The base unit of this indicator is ppm. It refers to the amount of substances in the solid state, dissolved in a kilogram of sea water. Chemical analysis does not accurately measure the degree of mineralization of a liquid. Sea water is too complex in its composition. Its salinity is determined by the concentration of one of the elements of the composition, by electrical conductivity or refractive index. Based on these methods, the salinity rating of the seas is compiled.

Video: Dead Sea. Israel

Summing up

The Dead Sea is considered the most mineralized sea in the world. A number of researchers rank it among the lakes, which makes it possible to consider the Red Sea as the leader in the rating. In Russia, the most salty sea is the Sea of ​​Japan. The lake with the highest mineralization index is Medvezhye.

Five seas from the top 10 rating are classified as northern water bodies. All of them wash the territory of the Russian Federation. The poorest in animal and flora is the Dead Sea. In other objects, a wide variety of fauna is noted. The richest in flora is the Red Sea.

Sea water covers two-thirds of our planet and has many unique properties. Main characteristic sea ​​water - its salinity, which differs in different corners planets: from 41–42 g/l in the most saline sea to 7 g/l in the freshest. The average salinity of the World Ocean is 34.7 g/l. What is the saltiest sea in the world?

The Red Sea is the saltiest sea in the world

It is the Red Sea that is known as the most salty sea on our planet. The density of salts in its water is 41 g/l, which is one third higher than the average salt content in the oceans. But this does not prevent its numerous inhabitants. The richest flora and fauna of the Red Sea attract thousands of tourists, especially lovers of underwater tourism - diving.

By the way, if someone decides to argue with you about which sea is the most salty - the Dead, whose waters contain 270 g / l of salts, or the Red, you can confidently answer that the Red. The fact is that the Dead Sea, despite its name, is a lake from a scientific point of view, since its waters do not have a drain.

In turn, the Red Sea is distinguished by the fact that it does not have a single river that would flow into it. This is one of the reasons why the water in it is so salty. The climate here is very dry and hot. Water evaporates at a tremendous rate - up to 2 thousand mm per year, but salt remains. Rains are not able to make up for such an amount of evaporation: in total, less than 100 mm of precipitation falls here per year. For comparison: in the central and northern parts of Kazakhstan, 300 – 500 mm of precipitation, in Turkey - 400 – 700 mm, in Ukraine - 600 – 800 mm, in Central Africa - 1800 – 3000 mm per year.

The Red Sea belongs to the Indian Ocean basin. Probably, it would have dried up long ago if not for the Gulf of Aden, which allows it to exchange water with the ocean. Currents move in both directions and replenish water balance Red Sea by thousands of liters per year. On the other hand, it is connected to the Mediterranean Sea through the Suez Canal. Here, too, there is a current, although in an insignificant volume for the scale of the sea.

Sandwiched between the northeast coast of Africa and the Arabian Peninsula, the Red Sea stretches for more than 2,000 km. However, even at its widest point, it remains already many rivers - only 360 m. In some places, its depth reaches 2.2 km, although the average depth of the most salty sea in the world is only 437 m.

Despite the great extent, the salinity of the waters of the Red Sea has almost the same characteristics over its entire area (which, by the way, is 450 thousand km2). This is due to the unique natural mechanism of water mixing. In winter, cooling water sinks to the bottom, and retained heat rises to the top. In the summer, the water on the surface becomes heavier due to evaporation and salinity, so this giant mixer works all year round.

Hot depressions, discovered by scientists no more than half a century ago, contribute to the mixing of water. Observations of the temperature and composition of the waters in these depressions suggest that they are heated by heat coming from the bowels of the Earth. So, average temperature water in the Red Sea during the year is kept at the level of 20 – 25 ° C, and in the depressions - 30 – 60 °C, in addition, it increases by 0.3 annually – 0.7°C.

Rivers carry not only water, but also sand, silt and garbage, so that the Red Sea, as the only body of water in the world without river flow, retains the incredible transparency of its waters. This makes it one of the most picturesque places on the planet. Coral reefs, thousands of species of bright fish, numerous algae, including those that gave the sea its name - all this is worth seeing with your own eyes. It is important to note that about a third of the local inhabitants are endemic, which means that they can only be found here.

The most salty seas: list

The main contenders for the status of the most salty seas in the world are as follows:

Mediterranean Sea.

The second place in the list of the most salty seas after the Red Sea is occupied by the Mediterranean Sea - 39.5 g / l. Although such salinity can only be felt far from the coast, it still significantly limits the development of small algae and zooplankton, increasing the transparency of the sea waters. Like the Red Sea, the Mediterranean Sea is one of the warmest seas on the planet: even in winter, the water temperature here does not fall below 10 – 12 °C, and in summer it warms up to 25 – 28°C.

Aegean Sea.

The next salinity can be considered the Aegean Sea, washing the shores of Greece and Turkey, as well as the famous island of Crete. Here, the water contains an average of 38.5 g/l of salts, which are characterized by a high sodium content. Doctors recommend that you always rinse after swimming in this sea in order to avoid corroding the surface layers of the skin.

Ionian Sea.

Only slightly behind in salinity is another Greek sea - the Ionian, whose water contains an average of 38 g / l of salts. Here, the high alkali content also makes tourists take better care of their skin. But the high density (highest for sea water) combined with high temperature water (26 – 28 °C in summer) maintains the attractiveness of these places.

Ligurian Sea.

Density saline solution the Ligurian Sea also has 38 g/l. This small sea with an area of ​​only 15 thousand km2 is located between the island of Corsica and the Tuscan coast. Many streams flowing into it from the Apennines could not add freshwater to it.

Barencevo sea.

The salinity of 35 g / l has the Barents Sea - the most saline sea in Russia. It is located in the north of the European part of Russia and combines warm waters Atlantic Ocean and cold - the Arctic.

Also in the top ten most salty seas are the Sea of ​​Japan, known for its typhoons (37 – 38 g/l), the Laptev Sea (34 g/l), the Chukchi Sea (33 g/l), and the White Sea (30 g/l).

Interestingly, the Aral Sea, located on the borders of Kazakhstan and Uzbekistan, which, like the Dead Sea, is more of a lake than a sea, may soon catch up with it in terms of salinity. This reservoir, which in the middle of the 20th century occupied the 4th place in terms of area among the lakes of the planet, became so shallow that its area decreased by almost 10 times - from 68.9 thousand km2 to 7.3 thousand km2 - in 2014. The salinity of the water during the same time increased 10 times and in 2007 reached 100 g/l.

Despite the diversity, in the World Ocean, the salinity of the waters is much more stable - over the past 50 years, scientists have not been able to notice significant fluctuations. So, when your children and grandchildren start wondering which sea is the most salty in the world, the answer will remain the same - Red. We wish you someday to feel the unique composition of its waters on your own skin and see with your own eyes the diversity of its underwater inhabitants.

1st place.

Dead Sea. In fact, this body of water can be called a lake, because it does not communicate with any other seas or with the ocean. Nevertheless, everyone is accustomed to calling it the sea. Well, so be it. The Dead Sea has an incredible salinity of 33.7%. That is, every 100 g of water contains 33.7 g of salt.

Thanks to this incredible ratio, it is impossible to drown in this sea, because the body always strives to rise to the surface. The Jordan River and several small streams flow into it, but this inflow of water is clearly not enough to maintain the level of the reservoir. By the way, every year its level falls by 100 cm, which in the future is fraught with an environmental disaster.

2nd place.

Red sea. The percentage of salt in water is about 8 times less than that of the leader - 4.3%. It is noteworthy that rivers do not flow into this reservoir, therefore, silt and sand do not enter the sea from the outside, which means that its water is clean and transparent. Why is salinity high? Because there is little rainfall in this area, and clean water comes only from the Gulf of Aden.

Plus, incredible evaporation. The Red Sea daily loses up to 1 cm of its level, and the amount of salt does not seriously change, on the contrary, its concentration increases slightly. Poor water exchange is the true cause of high salinity.

3rd place.

Mediterranean Sea.
Washes the shores of Africa, Asia and Europe. Therefore, he was called that. It has a salinity of 3.9%. Several run into the sea major rivers. Water circulation occurs under the influence of wind and due to the transfer of water by the Canary Current. The salinity of the reservoir regularly increases due to strong evaporation, and the density of the water varies significantly, depending on the season.

4th place.

Caribbean Sea. In addition to being the most “pirate” sea, it also ranks fourth in the “salinity hit parade”. This figure is 3.5%. And in terms of its hydrological composition, this reservoir is quite homogeneous. That is, there are no sharp fluctuations in temperature indicators and in the degree of salinity of its individual sections.

Several large rivers flow into the Caribbean Sea. tropical climate makes the basin of this sea attractive to tourists. It should only be taken into account that hurricanes rage very often in the northern part of the reservoir, causing a lot of inconvenience to residents of coastal settlements.

5th place.

Barencevo sea. Located on the edge of the Arctic Ocean. It has a salinity of 3.5%. In ancient times, it had many names, because each nation called this reservoir in its own way. Only in 1853 the sea received its final name - the Barents Sea, in honor of the navigator from Holland V. Barents.

Naturally, in the middle of the sea, its salinity is higher than at the outskirts. This is explained by the fact that it is washed by slightly saline seas: Norwegian, White and Kara. And in the north, the icy ocean pretty much dilutes the concentration of sea water, because it does not shine with special salinity in itself, which is explained by the regular melting of ice.

6th place.

North Sea. Its salinity has different values, on average, this value is 35%. The fact is that the North Sea in the east borders on the slightly salty Baltic, and the rivers Thames, Elbe, Rhine and others also have an impact on this indicator. It washes the shores of many European countries, where the largest ports are located - London, Hamburg, Amsterdam, etc.

7th place.

Japanese Sea. The salinity index is 3.4%. In the northern and western parts of the reservoir it is much colder than in the southeast. The Sea of ​​Japan is not touristic. It is rather of industrial importance for some countries. He loves to scare sailors with typhoons, especially in autumn.

8th place.

Sea of ​​Okhotsk. It has a salinity of 3.2%. In winter, it freezes in the northern part, despite the increased salinity of the water, which, by the way, is much lower in coastal areas.

9th place.

Black Sea. The salinity of this reservoir varies greatly. For example, in the lower layer this figure is 2.3%, and in top layer, where there is an increased circulation of water, the salinity is 1.8%. It is noteworthy that at a depth of 150 m there is no longer any life. This is due to the high content of hydrogen sulfide in the water.

10th place.

Sea of ​​Azov. The average salinity of the sea is 1.1%. In the 20th century, many rivers that feed this reservoir with water were blocked by dams, therefore, the flow of water and its circulation decreased significantly. It is noteworthy that this is the shallowest sea in the world, its maximum depth does not reach up to 14 m. It has a tendency to freeze in its northern part.

Our planet is covered by water by 70%, of which more than 96% is occupied by oceans. This means that most of the water on Earth is salty. What is the salinity of water? How is it determined and what does it depend on? Can this water be used on the farm? Let's try to answer these questions.

What is the salinity of water?

Most of the water on the planet has salinity. It is commonly referred to as seawater and is found in the oceans, seas, and some lakes. The rest is fresh, its amount on Earth is less than 4%. Before you understand what the salinity of water is, you need to understand what salt is.

Salts are complex substances that consist of cations (positively charged ions) of metals and anions (negatively charged ions) of acidic bases. Lomonosov defined them as "fragile bodies that can dissolve in water." Many substances are dissolved in sea water. It contains sulfates, nitrates, phosphates, sodium, magnesium, rubidium, potassium cations, etc. Together, these substances are defined as salts.

So what is the salinity of water? This is the content of dissolved substances in it. It is measured in thousandths - ppm, which are indicated by a special symbol -% o. Ppm is the number of grams in one kilogram of water.

What determines the salinity of water?

In different parts of the hydrosphere and even in different times salinity varies throughout the year. It changes under the influence of several factors:

• evaporation;
• ice formation;
• precipitation;
• melting ice;
• river flow;
• currents.

When water evaporates from the surface of the oceans, the salts remain and do not erode. As a result, their concentration increases. Freezing has a similar effect. Glaciers contain the largest supply of fresh water on the planet. During their formation, the salinity of the waters of the World Ocean increases.

The melting of glaciers is characterized by the opposite effect, reducing the salt content. In addition to them, the source of fresh water are precipitation and rivers flowing into the ocean. The salt level also depends on the depth and nature of the currents.

Their highest concentration is on the surface. The closer to the bottom, the less salinity. affect the salt content in positive side, cold, on the contrary, reduce it.

Salinity of the oceans

What is the salinity of sea water? We already know that it is far from the same in different parts of the planet. Its performance depends on geographical latitudes, climatic features terrain, proximity to river facilities, etc.

The average salinity of the waters of the World Ocean is 35 ppm. Cold regions near the Arctic and Antarctic are characterized by a lower concentration of substances. Although in winter time when ice forms, the amount of salt increases.

For the same reason, the least salty ocean is the Arctic Ocean (32% o). The Indian Ocean is the highest. It covers the area of ​​the Red Sea and the Persian Gulf, as well as the southern tropical belt, where the salinity is up to 36 ppm.

Quiet and Atlantic Oceans have approximately the same concentration of substances. Their salinity decreases equatorial zone and increases in subtropical and tropical regions. Some are warm and balance each other out. For example, the non-salty Gulf Stream and the salty Labrador in the Atlantic Ocean.

Salinity of lakes and seas

Most of the lakes on the planet are fresh, as they are fed mainly by precipitation. This does not mean that there are no salts in them at all, just that their content is extremely small. If the amount of dissolved substances exceeds one ppm, then the lake is considered salty or mineral. The Caspian Sea has a record value (13% o). The largest fresh lake is Baikal.

Salt concentration depends on how the water leaves the lake. Fresh water bodies are flowing, while more saline ones are closed and subject to evaporation. The determining factor is also the rocks on which the lakes formed. So, in the area of ​​the Canadian Shield, rocks are poorly soluble in water, and therefore the reservoirs there are “clean”.

The seas are connected to the oceans through straits. Their salinity is somewhat different and affects the average ocean waters. Thus, the concentration of substances in the Mediterranean Sea is 39% o and is reflected in the Atlantic. The Red Sea, with an indicator of 41% o, greatly raises the average. The most salty is the Dead Sea, in which the concentration of substances ranges from 300 to 350% o.

Properties and significance of sea water

Not suitable for economic activities. It is not suitable for drinking, as well as watering plants. However, many organisms have long adapted to life in it. Moreover, they are very sensitive to changes in its salinity. Based on this, organisms are divided into freshwater and marine.

So, many animals and plants that live in the oceans cannot live in the fresh water of rivers and lakes. Edible mussels, crabs, jellyfish, dolphins, whales, sharks and other animals are exclusively marine.

Man uses for drinking fresh water. Salt is used for medicinal purposes. In small quantities, water with sea salt is used to restore the body. The therapeutic effect is produced by bathing and taking baths in sea water.

02/10/2016 at 21:20 · pavlofox · 71 770

The most salty seas in the world

Around the world, there are about 80 seas that are an integral part of the oceans. All these waters are salty, but among them there are record holders, which are distinguished by a high concentration of salts and other minerals in their composition. by the most fresh sea the Baltic Sea is considered on the planet, the salinity of which is only 7 ‰ (ppm), which is equal to 7 grams per 1 liter of water. Among all the rest, we singled out the saltiest seas in the world.

10. White Sea | Salinity 30‰

Relate to the most salty seas peace. Salinity here can reach 30‰ in some places. This is one of the smallest seas in Russia, with an area of ​​90,000 sq. km. The temperature here rises to 15 degrees in summer and drops to minus 1 degree in winter. Inhabitants White Sea are about 50 species of fish, including white whale, salmon, cod, smelt and others.

9. Chukchi Sea | Salinity 33‰

Included in the ten most salty in the world. Its salinity in winter is higher and can reach 33‰. It is located between Chukotka and Alaska on an area of ​​589,600 sq. km. The water temperature here is quite low: in summer - 12 degrees above zero, and in winter - minus 1.8 degrees. Walruses, seals, as well as fish - grayling, polar cod, Far Eastern navaga, arctic char and others live here.

8. Laptev Sea | Salinity 34‰

Covering an area of ​​662,000 sq. km., are among the most salty in the world. It is located between the New Siberian Islands and the Severnaya Zemlya Islands. The salinity of its waters reaches 34‰ in places, and the water temperature does not rise above 0 degrees all year round. IN sea ​​depths walrus, sterlet, sturgeon, perch and other animals live.

7. Barents Sea | Salinity 35‰

With a salinity of 35‰, it is one of the saltiest on earth and the most salty in Russia. It is washed by the waters of the White Sea and has an area of ​​1,424,000 sq. km. In winter, only the southwestern part of the sea does not freeze, the temperature here in summer does not exceed plus 12 degrees. The underwater world here is quite rich in fish, including capelin, perch, herring, catfish, killer whale, beluga and others.

6. Sea of ​​Japan | Salinity 35‰

Located between the shores of Eurasia, the Japanese Islands, as well as the island of Sakhalin, they are among the most salty in the world. Its salinity reaches 35‰. annual temperature water fluctuates between 0-+ 12 degrees in the north, and in the southern part 17-26 degrees above zero. The fauna here is very rich and includes many species of fish. Herring, pollock, saffron cod, flounder, pink salmon, chum salmon, anchovies, crabs, shrimps, oysters, squids and many others live here. Japanese salt waters occupy an area of ​​1,062,000 sq. km.

5. Ionian Sea | Salinity 38‰

4. Aegean Sea | Salinity 38.5‰

Aegean one of the ten most salty seas in the world. Its salinity is about 38.5‰. Due to the high salinity, after bathing in such water, it is recommended to wash yourself with fresh water, since a high concentration of sodium can adversely affect the skin and mucous membranes. The winter temperature here is about 14 degrees above zero, and the summer is plus 24 degrees. It is inhabited by octopuses, sardines, sponges and other inhabitants. It is located between the peninsulas of the Balkans, Asia Minor and the island of Crete. The Aegean Sea has existed for about 20,000 years. It was formed as a result of the flooding of the Egenid land and occupied an area of ​​179,000 sq.m. Its appearance led to the formation of the islands of Crete, Lesbos, Euboea and others.

3. Mediterranean Sea | Salinity 39.5‰

Located between Europe and Africa. It is rightfully considered one of the most salty seas in the world, the salinity of which reaches 39.5 ‰ in places. It also applies to the most warm seas The oceans - the temperature here is plus 25 degrees in summer and minus 12 degrees in winter. It is inhabited by seals, sea turtles, as well as more than 500 species of fish, including sharks, rays, blennies, lobsters, crabs, mussels and many, many others.

2. Red Sea | Salinity 42‰

Located between Africa and Asia, one of the saltiest on planet Earth. Its salinity reaches 42 ‰, which is about 41 grams per liter of water. There is a very wealthy undersea world: sharks, dolphins, rays, moray eels and other living creatures are the inhabitants of the Red Sea. The water temperature is 25 degrees above zero all year round. In the Red Sea, the water is very well and evenly mixed. In winter, surface waters cool down, become denser and sink down, while warm waters from the depths rise up. In summer, water evaporates from the surface of the sea, and the remaining water becomes saltier, heavier and sinks. Less salty water rises in its place. Thus, the water in the sea is intensively mixed throughout the year, and throughout its volume the sea is the same in temperature and salinity, except in the depressions. In addition, the sea boasts amazing transparency.

1. Dead Sea | Salinity 270‰

- the saltiest in the world, which is located on the border of Israel and Jordan. The content of minerals is about 270 ‰, and the concentration of salts per 1 liter reaches 200 grams. The composition of the salts of the sea is significantly different from all others. It consists of 50% magnesium chloride, and is also rich in potassium, bromine, calcium and many other mineral elements. Potassium salts are artificially crystallized from its water. Water has the highest density here, which is 1.3-1.4 g / m³, which completely eliminates the possibility of drowning. In addition to unique salts, the sea contains therapeutic mud, which contains 45% salts. Its characteristics are a high pH value of 9, as well as a bitter and oily taste. The sea temperature can reach 40 degrees above zero, which creates intense evaporation and contributes to high density. If in other waters with high salinity inhabited by diverse inhabitants, it is impossible to meet them in the waters of the Dead Sea.