Prevention of injuries in the winter. Prevention of childhood injuries in winter consultation (senior group) on the topic Injuries in winter

SHOES

LOOK IN BOTH!

The foot should be placed in such a way that there is maximum contact with the surface, avoid slippery places. Take your time! Get out of the house with time to spare. Jogging at this time is best left for the gym. You should cross the road in the right place so as not to get a car injury.

COORDINATION

LEARNING TO FALL

STRENGTHEN YOUR BONES

HOW TO GIVE INJURY HELP

Of course, it is better to do without injuries, but everyone needs to know how to help the victim.

Symptoms of limb injuries:

• sprain- sharp pain during movement, swelling, bruising.
• dislocation- severe pain, swelling, immobility, change in the shape of the joint. In the event of such an injury, an ambulance should be called as soon as possible. In no case should you try to straighten the dislocations yourself, this can lead to pain shock in the victim, as well as additional damage.
• fracture- severe, sharp pain, aggravated by movement of the limb, sensitivity to even a very weak touch, swelling and swelling with a change in skin color, a change in the shape of the fracture site.

WHAT TO DO? Before the arrival of doctors, it is necessary to ensure the immobility and peace of the damaged joint or bone, apply a splint from improvised means or bandage the injured limbs to each other, to the body. To reduce pain or swelling, you can apply a cloth soaked in cold water or an ice pack to the sore spot (but not more than 1-2 hours). In case of bleeding, apply a sterile bandage to the wound. Stop the bleeding. Immediately call an ambulance, if this is not possible, transport the victim to the nearest medical facility.

• head injury - partial or complete loss of consciousness, nausea, vomiting, slow pulse, pressure change.

WHAT TO DO? Lay the victim on his back, turning his head to the side, put a cold on it. If there is no consciousness, make sure that the tongue does not sink, this can lead to suffocation. Immediately call an ambulance and do not allow the victim to move until she arrives.

It is estimated that the possibility of influencing the state of injury on the whole by physicians is no more than 10%, and the remaining 90% depend on other factors, which, in turn, can be divided into external and internal. The first group includes ecology, the state of habitats, working areas, recreation areas, sidewalks, roadways, serviceability of machines and mechanisms. And internal are compliance with safety regulations, the principles of safe life, traffic rules, the principles of a sober lifestyle.

Statistics show that the main cause of injuries in winter is a banal rush. Many simply do not notice the ice covered with snow, as a result of which they fall and receive various injuries. In a hurry, a person tends not to even notice open ice. In addition, a significant proportion of injuries are associated with public transport. They slip and fall both when entering a bus or trolleybus, and when leaving it. Children and young people love to take a run on a slippery path, a hill. At the same time, in a crowd and knocking each other down. In this case, they usually get off with bruises. Although not always. Adults should teach children to think about their actions and actions in advance and predict a traumatic situation.

Basic rules for the prevention of winter injuries:

• IN winter frosts you need to dress warmly;
• Children should not go out without adults;
• You can not stay outside for a long time;
• You can not open the windows of the house, in the kindergarten, school;
• Lubricate the face with a special baby cream;
• Do not push, do not run, do not play on a slippery road, do not trip your comrades, do not fight, walk carefully, do not ride. If someone has fallen, help to get up, call for help from adults;
• Riding a hill only on ice sleds, and not on ordinary sleds;
• Climb the hill only on the stairs;
• Do not climb the slippery slope of the hill and from the sides;
• Do not ride standing, but only sitting;
• Do not push or cling to comrades;
• Follow the order;
• Do not jump off the hill;
• Do not climb the hill and do not ride with toys and objects in your hands;
• Rolled, quickly get up and leave, as another one is rolling after you and can knock you down;
• Do not indulge, do not fight, do not put your foot on the hill or near it;
• Don't run down the slope;
• Do not throw snow towards the hill;
• Never touch your tongue, lips in winter, with bare hands to iron objects. This is very dangerous to health;
• Do not tear off with force if the misfortune nevertheless happened and call someone for help.

Remember! Your health and the health of your children is, first of all, in your hands! Be careful in winter!

If it's cold outside

Now winter has come with frost, snow, clear days, long holidays, games, fun on fresh air, winter sports that bring not only momentary joy, but also health. However, cold, snow, ice can bring trouble: injuries, hypothermia and frostbite. The cooling effect of the external environment on the body is enhanced by a sharp wind, high humidity, long-term forced position of the trunk, limbs, as well as overwork, chronic malnutrition, alcoholism, drug addiction, diabetes. Small children are especially susceptible to cooling and frostbite, so during walks you need to carefully monitor the color and temperature of their skin and return to warmth every 20 minutes.

Exposure to cold on certain parts of the human body can cause local frostbite, the symptoms of which at the first stage are a change in skin color to cyanotic or marble, tingling and tingling in the affected area, followed by loss of sensitivity. With prolonged exposure to cold, blisters and significant swelling of the tissues may appear.

What to do

At the first symptoms of frostbite, you can rub the skin of this area with clean hands or a soft, dry cloth. NEVER WITH SNOW, as the crystals contained in it can damage it and cause inflammation.

With general cooling, it is necessary to warm a person in a room with an air temperature above 20 degrees C and give him a hot sweet drink to drink.

In case of extensive frostbite, it is necessary to immediately seek medical help, after removing frozen clothes and shoes from the victim and providing him with a warm drink.

As the English proverb rightly says: "There is no bad weather, there are bad clothes." Indeed, if a person has good housing, good nutrition and warm clothes, then he easily tolerates low temperatures.

Clothing in winter should fit snugly to the body so that cold air does not penetrate under it, be soft, light, have a comfortable fit and not impede movement.

In a cold winter with a stable snow cover, felted shoes are very good, which have high heat-shielding properties. If you wear leather shoes, then give preference to shoes with felt or wool insoles. Lubricate shoes with grease or a special cream, do not tighten the laces tightly. Wear clean, warm socks. Wear mittens or insulated gloves on your hands. A good preventive measure is active movements - walking around, trampling on the spot, clapping your hands.

When going outside in the cold, you should use greasy face creams.

And now a little about ice and icicles

We remind you how to walk in ice, so as not to fall

• Wear rubber-coated shoes, they are less slippery.
• Look under your feet as you walk.
• Do not hurry! Walk with a shuffling gait, stepping on the whole foot, relaxing the knees and tilting the body forward.
• Do not keep your hands in your pockets, but spread them slightly apart to maintain balance.
• Stick to the side of the road when walking, as the road there is less rolled.
• Use canes with rubber or metal tips.
• Get spiked shoes or buy them separately and wear them over the sole.

When walking along the street, be vigilant, pay attention to warning signs, fences, announcements about the presence of icicles hanging from the roofs and eaves of houses.

Inspect the upper floors of houses, roofs. Remind the kids about this!

Beware of ice!

What is ice? About what natural phenomenon say "icy"? Ice - layer dense ice or snow formed on the surface of the earth, sidewalks, carriageway of the street. Ice and sleet are causes of emergencies. They can be extraordinary not only for pedestrians, but also for vehicles.

Two dangers lie in wait for a person with ice - either you yourself will fall, or I will fall on you (or they will run over you). When falling, people can have fractures of the bones of the arms and legs, head injuries, bruises, etc. during such a period, according to statistics, 400 out of 1000 people get injured and seek medical help.

IN ORDER TO NOT BE IN THE NUMBER OF VICTIMS, IT IS NECESSARY TO FOLLOW THE FOLLOWING RULES:

1. Pay attention to your shoes:
   • choose non-slip shoes with microporous soles for winter;
   • attach metal heels to the heels;
   • stick an adhesive plaster on the sole crosswise or with a ladder;
2. Look under your feet, try to bypass dangerous places, but not on the roadway. And if it is impossible to get around the ice "puddle", then move along it, like a skier, in small sliding steps.
3. Walk slowly, with short frequent steps, placing your legs wide on the whole foot. When walking, the legs should be slightly relaxed at the knees, do not keep your hands in your pockets, they should be free.
4. If you suddenly could not stay on your feet, fall correctly. Try to group up to get as little hit as possible. Falling, press your hands to your chest, bend your legs at the knees. If you fall out of the blue, your head should be pulled into your shoulders, your elbows should be pressed to your sides.
5. It's best to fall on your side. When falling, you can not put forward straightened arms. Many people do this instinctively, which leads to the most common fall injury - a fracture.
6. If you fall down slippery stairs, it is important to protect your face and head and cover them with your hands. Do not try to slow down the fall by throwing the limbs to the sides - this will only increase the number of fractures.
7. Remember: falling on your back, face up, is especially dangerous, as you can get a concussion.

REMEMBER THESE RULES! LIVE SAFELY!

GBU RO "City Children's Polyclinic No. 7" wishes you and your children health!
We are always glad to see you and invite you to visit us in case of the slightest ailment.

Winter- time of increased traumatism. The reason is often ice, early onset of darkness, slippery shoes. The deterioration of the condition of the roadway affects the increase in the frequency of road accidents and the increase in the number of victims. The most frequent injuries in this case are: traumatic brain injury, fractures of the bones of the extremities, concomitant trauma.

With the onset of winter, with the first snowfall, the frequency of seeking help from medical institutions for injuries increases by 2-3 times. In winter, bruises and bone fractures (about 15%), dislocations (about 10%) prevail. It is known that the possibility of influence on the level of injuries by doctors is no more than 10%, and the remaining 90% depend on other factors that can be divided into external and internal. The first group includes ecology, the state of habitats, working areas, recreation areas, sidewalks, roadways, serviceability of machines and mechanisms. Internal are compliance with safety regulations, the principles of safe life, traffic rules.

Children are very active both in winter and summer. However, it is during the winter period that the number of injuries increases significantly, especially during school holidays, when children have more free time, are more often on the street and left without adult supervision. A significant number of injuries in winter occur due to the inability to properly sled, ski, skate.
Strictly forbid the child to ride from the slides overlooking the carriageway of the street or railroad tracks, and explain how life-threatening this is.

Skis and skates- difficult types of entertainment. This must be taught. Technical knowledge is required: the ability to put a foot, keep the body, regulate the rhythm of breathing, knowledge of the rules for falling safety. For this there is a coach and experienced teachers. Mostly children who are not trained in anything and who can do nothing get to the traumatologist.
It is important for parents not only to teach their child safe skiing, skating, sledding, but also not to forget to provide all the necessary protective equipment (elbow pads, knee pads, helmets, etc.) when doing winter sports.

To avoid injury and frostbite adults should choose the right winter shoes for children. It should be comfortable, warm and most importantly - with a large ribbed sole.

Another common winter injury is eye damage. A hard-packed and accurately launched snowball can deprive a child of sight. Therefore, explain to the child that during a snow fight it is better to stay away from its epicenter. And if a snowball gets into the eye, the child must be shown to an ophthalmologist.

During the winter holidays and new year holidays favorite children's entertainment - fireworks and firecrackers. A variety of pyrotechnics enter the market for the New Year holidays, which are very far from an innocent toy and a carefree celebration. The first flash and explosion is blinding and deafening. In addition, the firecracker may explode in a completely different place where it is planned. If you shoot from your hand, you can be left without limbs, get burns on your hands and face. Based on this, pyrotechnics can only be fired by teenagers over 14 years old and only under adult supervision, observing strict safety rules. When launching a firecracker, you can not stand under a tree, near a wall, next to your comrades, shoot from your hand, direct the flight path towards passers-by, animals, buildings. Firecrackers must not be fired indoors.

In winter, to reduce the likelihood of falling, you need to follow some rules:
· You need to walk in icy conditions in a special way - as if sliding a little, as if on small skis. It is desirable to go as slowly as possible on legs slightly bent at the knees;
It is very important not to keep your hands in your pockets (with fixed hands, the likelihood of not only falling, but also a fracture increases);
· having slipped, it is necessary to have time to group, to be ready for a fall;
It is best to fall on your side, in no case should you land on straightened arms.

To prevent road traffic injuries, children should know and follow the following rules when crossing the road:
Stop on the sidelines
Look in both directions
· before crossing the road, make sure that there are no cars or other vehicles on the road;
walk, but never run;
cross the road only in designated places at the green traffic light;
· you must go out on the road calmly, with concentration, confidently and so that the driver sees you;
if the traffic flow is caught in the middle of the road, you should stop and not panic;
a small child should be transferred across the road only by the hand;
Children should not play near the road, especially with a ball.

In case of injury, adults should be able to provide first aid to the child. If minor bruises occur in various parts of the body, cold should be applied to the bruised area for some time (10-15 minutes) (a vial of ice, snow, cold water), then rest should be provided to the affected area. For minor bruises, apply cold and then bandage the injury site. Wounds, abrasions, scratches cannot be washed, but it is best to treat the skin surface around it with iodine.

To strengthen bones children should eat foods that contain iodine, calcium and vitamin D. The main source of iodine is seafood, especially seaweed and fish. Calcium is found in milk and dairy products, vitamin D promotes better absorption of calcium and is formed when exposed to sunlight on the skin. It also comes with some food products: fatty fish, eggs, cereal dishes. In addition, to help prevent injury and physical exercise.
best view sport is swimming, during which almost all muscle groups are involved.

Swimming is the best and adequate exercise for muscles and heart. Classes exercise, outdoor games, sports entertainment, full and varied nutrition are not only a means of improving the health of the child, but also one of the measures to prevent injuries.

Winter always comes unexpectedly. It is we, ordinary citizens, who know and remember that November is replaced by December, and at this time "precipitation in the form of snow is possible." We remember, but it doesn’t make it any easier for us ... Because after the first big snowfall, serious responsible uncles, who just yesterday cheerfully reported about full readiness for winter, suddenly fall silent and find themselves out of reach, and the “prepared” snowplows promised by them, in the number of several units at best creates the appearance of work on the main streets. But winter weather is not only cold and snow creaking underfoot. Often snowfalls are replaced by thaws, when the snow begins to thaw, and the frost that strikes again encases everything around in an ice shell. Streets and sidewalks turn into a solid skating rink, which, combined with the "agility" of public utilities, designed to ensure the possibility of normal safe movement for pedestrians and vehicles, creates all the conditions for winter injuries.

According to statistics, "street" injury increases almost three times in winter. And this is only on the basis of official data based on the number of visits to emergency rooms and other medical institutions. However, if as a result of a fall you escaped with a slight fright and numerous bruises, but did not seek medical help, these injuries remain “behind the scenes”, so the real picture is even less pleasing. About 15% of sick leaves issued in winter fall on "street" ones, which in about 20% of cases lead to the patient's disability. At the same time, the main number of victims are people of working age (up to 80%).

Not without here injured in road accidents due to the unsatisfactory condition of the carriageway of streets and roads: their number in winter time increases to 3% of all accidents, and the injuries sustained by victims are usually more serious, sometimes fatal.

If we designate the “top three” of winter injuries, then bruises And bone fractures accounts for 15% on average, not far behind them dislocations- about 10%. And no matter how sad it is to state, the main cause of such injuries is falls due to pavements and roadways that were not cleared of snow in time, ice that was not covered with sand in icy conditions.

Any traumatologist without hesitation will list the main types of “winter” injuries: a fracture of the radius of the arm in the usual place, fractures of the collarbones and ankles, bruises of the humerus, fractures of the bones of the lower leg, sprains and tears of the ligaments in the ankle and knee joints, craniocerebral injuries. Fractures of the femoral neck and, which is associated with the development of osteoporosis, become a real scourge for older women. And in general, in older people, the bones are more fragile, fractures are diagnosed more often in them.

Unfortunately, not only external causes lead to various injuries in winter. Often we ourselves become their culprits because of the haste, when we do not notice the ice covered with snow, headlong rushing after public transport, falling when landing or when leaving it. Pedestrians stubbornly forget that on a slippery road not only does the braking distance of cars increase, but in case of emergency braking they also skid, and continue to cross the road "under the nose" of the transport. Old people take completely unjustified risks when leaving the house on ice - even if you don’t want to burden your children and grandchildren with purchases or there is simply no such opportunity, you can always ask your neighbors to buy bread and milk, otherwise it can be too expensive. The younger generation does not lag behind in this matter either: it’s great to scatter and ride along the icy “path”, of course, but not with a whole gang, knocking each other down, and with a “bunch-small” at the end. At best, this is fraught with bruises and broken noses, but there are consequences and much more serious.

Causes fractures of arms and legs it becomes that at the moment of falling a person instinctively throws his arm forward and the weight of the whole body falls on it, or tries to maintain balance with the help of a leg extended forward or to the side, then a fracture of the lower leg occurs. Women often get various injuries due to high unstable heels.

That you need to know how to fall "correctly" I think everyone has heard. However, it would be useful to once again recall the basic techniques by which you can reduce the risk of serious injury. First of all, at the time of the fall, try to bend your knees and, as it were, sit down- so you can reduce the height of the fall. At the same time try group up: lower your chin to your chest, press your hands to your stomach, elbows to your sides. At the same time, the shoulders must be moved forward, keep the legs together. It is very dangerous to fall on straightened arms - grouped, try turn the body to the side, so there is a chance to fall on your side, which means that the probability of avoiding fractures of the arms and legs, spine and pelvic bones is quite high.

When falling on your back the chin should also be pressed to the chest, and the arms should be as far apart as possible - this technique will prevent a traumatic brain injury.

Falling down an icy staircase cover your face and head with your hands and do not try to slow down, spreading your limbs - so the chances of getting a fracture (and possibly more than one) will only increase.

I will allow myself to place here a small memo - "cheat sheet", perhaps someone's visual images are better remembered:

First aid to the victim directly depends on the nature of the injury. .

When, if the case ends with swelling and hematoma, and the motor function of the arm or leg is not impaired, but only slightly limited due to pain, seeking medical help may not be required. However, you can treat bruises at home only when you are firmly convinced that this is a simple bruise, and not a fracture without displacement of bone fragments. Otherwise, it is better to play it safe, go to the emergency room and take an x-ray if necessary. In order to reduce swelling and hemorrhage, it is necessary to apply something cold to the site of injury as soon as possible and apply a tight pressure bandage. In the future, it is necessary to provide rest to the injured limb, and to accelerate the resorption of the hematoma, it can be lubricated with Heparin ointment or Troxevasin. And here with bruises of the head, chest and abdomen Seeing a doctor is a must as they can cause internal damage and occult bleeding!

Suspicion of dislocation occurs if there is a noticeable deformation of the joint, accompanied by severe sharp pain and the impossibility of its flexion-extension. In this case, cold is also needed on the damaged joint, which will reduce pain and prevent the rapid development of edema. The limb must be fixed: hang the hand on a scarf or wrap it to the body, cover the leg with soft objects without changing its position. If you do not have the skills of a qualified reduction of dislocations, do not try to do it yourself, you will only do harm - the victim needs urgent medical help!

fracture the victim can be suspected by the unnatural position of the arm or leg and acute pain, which increases dramatically when you try to move the limb and change its position. With open fractures, the skin is damaged, a bone fragment is sometimes visible in the wound, and with fractures closed type possible formation of a subcutaneous "hillock" or a visible change in the normal position of the limb.

The injured limb must be urgently immobilized with a splint made of any material at hand - boards, sticks, etc., which is tied to an arm or leg. A properly applied splint should capture the joints above and below the fracture site. If it is not possible to build a splint, a broken arm can be bandaged to the body, and a leg to the other leg. Only after performing these simple actions, the victim can be transported to a medical facility.

Prevention of winter injuries is as follows :
- winter shoes should have a flat sole with a ribbed pattern or a low wide heel (from shoes with heels to women in complex weather conditions it is desirable to refuse);
- during ice, the gait should be a little sliding, like on “mini-skis”, you need to move slowly, without moving to a fast step, leaning slightly forward;
- in heavy ice, it is good to attach special “braking” pads to shoes, which are already on sale with us;
- when practicing winter sports, one should not neglect protective equipment (helmet, knee pads, elbow pads);
- be sure to teach children how to follow safety rules when sledding, skiing or skating, try to explain what can and cannot be done.

Be extremely careful and careful, do not rush and remember that your health largely depends on you. If it is possible to bypass a particularly dangerous area, it is better to make a "hook" and not hope for "maybe it will blow over!" Moreover, you should not once again go outside on "problem" days without special need.

Good health to all!

Informational and methodological letter: "On carrying out measures to prevent winter injuries"

With the onset of winter, "street" injuries seasonally more than double. According to statistics, "winter" injuries give up to 15% of morbidity with temporary disability and 20% is the cause of disability.

Rush and inattention are common causes of winter injuries. When a person is in a hurry, he may not notice not only ice powdered with snow, but also clearly visible. Unremoved packed snow, ice, potholes, pits, potholes on the sidewalk are the main external circumstances that create a traumatic situation in the city. Often people fall when getting off the bus, trolley bus.

Sledges, skis, skates are favorite pastimes in winter. Unfortunately, they are the cause of many injuries and fractures, especially in children. Here the role of adults increases, who must teach the child the rules of behavior to avoid injury.
It is necessary to check the sled for damage, the ski mount, it is securely and correctly attached to the child’s legs, and the skates for size.
Each child should understand that, while riding with his eyes closed, he can collide with a neighbor or a tree, and descending with his back reduces the ability to control sleds or hGyzhs, to respond to danger in a timely and adequate manner. It is especially dangerous to cling to vehicles, tie sleds to each other, turning over, one sled will pull the other. On the hill, it is important to observe discipline and consistency. It is necessary to make sure that the slide is safe: there should not be a road and obstacles in the form of trees and fences nearby.
Skating is best done in specially equipped places or skating rinks. But you should not go to the rink on those days when a lot of people ride on it. The risk of serious injury in this case is extremely high.

Even a harmless snowball fight can cause trouble. The task of adults is to convince the child to beware of getting snow in his face, and to aim at his “opponents” carefully so as not to damage his eyes, break his nose and leave bruises on his face.

The main danger in the cold season is ice. To reduce the likelihood of falling, you need to follow some rules:
walk slowly, on half-bent legs, slightly relaxing them at the knees and leaning on the entire foot;
it is very important not to keep your hands in your pockets (with fixed hands increases
the probability of not only falling, but also a fracture);
having slipped, one must have time to group, be ready for a fall;
it is best to fall on your side, in no case should you land on straightened arms;
it is undesirable to leave the house at night, in very cold weather, when it is snowing and slippery; it is advisable for older people to use a cane or walk accompanied by loved ones, this is especially important when crossing the street, when descending and climbing stairs;
during ice, stay away from the roadway and in no case cross it! The braking distance of cars at this "time is significantly increased.

If the fall could not be avoided, you should pay attention to the appearance of the following symptoms: there is a sharp pain in the arm or leg, the joint is “swollen”, there is a headache, dizziness. In these cases, you should immediately seek medical help.

Remember that in old age, even a small blow can cause a fracture. This is due to age-related features of the skeleton (increased fragility, less elasticity of the ligaments of the muscle frame). Often, injuries are very severe and take months to heal (fracture of the femoral neck, spine).

City trauma centers:

Emergency medical care is provided at the emergency room at BSMP No. 1 on Patriots Avenue, 23 - residents of the Sovietsky and Leninsky districts can apply there.

Residents of the Kominternovsky and Tsentralny districts can seek help at the emergency room of the building of the city hospital No. 2 on Bolshaya Manezhnaya Street, 13.

From the left bank, it is closest to get to the department of hospital No. 5 on Leningradskaya, 124. However, you should be treated here with minor injuries that do not require hospitalization.

Emergency care will also be provided at the emergency hospital. medical care No. 10 ("Electronics") on Minskaya street, 43.

We provide children's trauma care in the Voronezh Regional Children's clinical hospital No. 2 on the street 45 of the Rifle Division, 64, bldg. 2

In the winter season, special attention should be paid to the possibility of icicles falling and snow coming off the roofs, which is especially important during a thaw. . Being in the danger zone, a person can get very serious injuries from falling snow and icicles, and even die. Most often, icicles form over gutters, so these places on the facades of houses are especially dangerous, they must be avoided.

It should be noted that training and physical education are an excellent prevention of possible falls and their consequences. A fall usually occurs unexpectedly, and a person who is engaged in physical culture and sports reacts faster to any surprise. Constant training helps to maintain balance in space, make it possible to coordinate movements, strengthen muscles and ligaments.

In the autumn-winter period, the number of street injuries associated with falls increases significantly, especially during icy conditions. Either positive air temperature, or frosts cause the formation of ice and ice on sidewalks, roads.

According to statistics, the number of street injuries doubles in winter. Traumatologists are especially in demand on the so-called "icy days", when the number of visits to emergency rooms reaches a maximum. In general, according to statistics, "winter" traumatism "gives up to 15% of morbidity with temporary disability.

The most common are fractures of the radius, ankles and collarbones, bruises of the humerus, fractures of the bones of the lower leg and damage to the ligaments of the ankle and knee joints, traumatic brain injury.

Elderly people, due to age-related features of the skeleton, often receive very serious injuries - after all, even a small blow can cause them a fracture. Most often they break the spine and femoral neck. In 95 percent of cases, a hip fracture occurs in women, as they are prone to osteoporosis (bone fragility).

In winter, bruises and bone fractures (about 15%), dislocations (about 10%) prevail. The victims are predominantly of working age (about 80%). Children under 18 make up 2%, and people over 60 years old - about 8%.

Factors affecting the level of injuries can be divided into external and internal. The first group includes ecology, the state of habitats, working areas, recreation areas, sidewalks, roadways, serviceability of machines and mechanisms. Internal are compliance with safety regulations, the principles of safe life, traffic rules, the principles of a sober lifestyle.

A common cause of icy injuries is haste. Many simply do not notice the ice covered with snow, as a result of which they fall and receive various injuries. The most traumatic places are icy: paving slabs, steps of entrances and underground passages. In addition, a significant proportion of injuries are associated with public transport. They slip and fall both when entering a bus or trolleybus, and when leaving it. Children and young people love to take a run on a slippery path, a hill. In this case, they usually get off with bruises. But not always.

Quite often, “icy” fractures are obtained by people in a state of intoxication. This is due to the weakening of their muscle tone. Moreover, being “under a degree”, a person can ignore pain for some time even with a serious injury. So he misses the opportunity to timely visit a doctor.

How to prevent possible injury?

Prevention of injuries can be attributed to the scope of their prevention. To prevent winter injuries, the following simple rules must be observed:

Choose the right shoes. It is advisable to purchase shoes with a deep tread pattern, the elements of which are directed towards different sides. The preferred outsole material is thermoplastic elastomer. The polyurethane tread glides much stronger in the cold.

Pieces of sandpaper can be glued onto the soles of existing slippery boots or boots. A very simple option is adhesive tape. It will be enough for a while, but it will help to ensure stability even in the most severe ice.

In "slippery" weather, it is better for the fair sex to refuse heels. After all, what more area the contact of the sole with the ground, the more stable our position. That is why you should immediately step into the ice with the whole foot. You need to move slowly, in small steps, your legs should be relaxed, the center of gravity is shifted slightly forward. If possible, it is advisable not to carry anything in your hands, and you should not keep them in your pockets. Hands help to maintain balance.

Fall right . Try to sit down (reduce the height of the fall), group (pull the chin to the chest, press the elbows to the sides, hands to the stomach). Falling on straightened arms is almost always an injury (fracture, dislocations, torn ligaments).

Slippery stairs - a zone of increased danger. If we fall, we need to protect our face and head with our hands. If we fall on our back, then we press our chin to our chest, and spread our arms wide. This will help protect against traumatic brain injury.

If you lose your balance, you need to group up and make a turn to the side. In this case, the blow will fall on the lateral surface of the body.

You can practice these exercises at home to build muscle memory. Walking down the street, especially on "icy" days, control your every step.

Observe safety precautions when doing extreme sports , use all necessary protective accessories (elbow pads, knee pads, helmets, etc.). It is important to teach your child to follow safety precautions when skiing, skating, sledding. Be sure to provide children with all the necessary protective equipment. Adults need to be able to provide first aid to a child.

Never walk on the edge of the sidewalk next to the road. Also, while waiting for the bus, do not stand on the edge of the bus stop. Loss of balance in this position threatens not only with a fall, but also with the danger of falling under the wheels. Do not under any circumstances cross the road. It is better to lose a few minutes and calmly cross the street in the absence of cars than to find yourself lying helplessly in the middle of the road. Remember the drivers too. It is not easy to stop a car in icy conditions even at low speed. Therefore, when approaching a pedestrian crossing, do not rush to get out onto the roadway, wait until the cars stop moving.

Compliance with these simple rules during ice, will significantly reduce the number of injuries.

First aid for injury

Cold and rest are first aid, for all injuries. By rest we mean the immobility of the injured limb. It is necessary to fix the damaged joint, or two joints adjacent to the fracture site. That is, it is necessary to fix the arm or leg in order to immobilize it and prevent further injury. By the way, this also reduces the pain syndrome.

And cold is a spasm of blood vessels, therefore, a decrease in edema and trauma to soft tissues. And, of course, cold is a decrease in pain. Further actions - transportation to a medical facility for professional assistance.

Attention and caution are the main means for preventing injuries, and not only in winter. And therefore, going out into the street, especially on those days when the “plus” on the street changes to “minus” or vice versa, you need to evaluate your every step! Remember, the best prevention for winter injuries is discretion!

Prepared by specialists of the Department of Public Health of the State Institution RCGEiOZ.