Diagram of the river system of the river. What is a river? Parts of the river and their definitions. The teacher draws on the blackboard

Lesson: Rivers. Parts of the river. river system

The purpose of the lesson:

To form an idea of ​​the river, its parts, parts of the riversystems and valleys. Learn to measure the length of a river geographicallymap, characterize the river according to conditional topographic maps,determine the left and right banks, tributaries left and right, tributarieskiI, IIetc. order.

Equipment:

Demonstration tables "River Valley". hemisphere map,physical map of Russia. Cards with the terms: "source", "mouth","main river", "tributaryI”, “inflowII”, “river system”, “river valley”, “floodplain”, “channel”. River cards, reproinduction of paintings depicting a river. Picture cardsniem various types mouths.

During the classes

I . Organizing time

II . Survey

Tasks for knowledge of definitions, concepts

- What are aquifers?

Insert missing words.

a) If groundwater is between two aquicludesnym, then this is ... water;

b) If groundwater is at the first aquiclude, thenThis.....

What waters are called mineral?

Underline permeable rocks with a wavy line, straightmine is waterproof: clay, sand, gravel, pebbles, basalt.

Tasks to check the assimilation of patterns

- Which breeds pass water faster? Why?

Where will you look for a spring during the hike?

Which waters are cleaner - groundwater or interstratal?

Why do they say that the spring "beats"?

Is there a distribution pattern mineral waters?

Why does the water level in wells fluctuate during the summer?

In what season are wells dug?

While the students are preparing for the answer at the blackboard, you can check the task4 at the end of § 30, analyze the homework.

III . Learning new material

The topic of today's lesson will be the answer to the following riddles.

Flowing, flowing - will not flow out;Runs, runs - does not run out.

Not a horse, but running, Not a forest, but making noise.

Between the mountains, between the valleys A white horse runs.

You have already understood that the topic of the lesson ...(River.)

- So, open notebooks, write down the topic.

Pay attention to the painting by the artist A. M. Vasnetsov"Northern Territory" ("Kerzhenets" N. M. Romandin, "Bigwater" by I. I. Levitan, "The River-Tsarevna N. M. Remezova). A lot ofgreat and beautiful artists were depicted in their paintingsnah rivers. Not only artists, but also writers ... Who does not remembernit of Gogol's lines: "The Dnieper is wonderful in calm weather ...","A rare bird will fly to the middle of the Dnieper..."

Loved rivers and poets. Many beautiful, wonderful lines to themthey dedicated.

(Check the creative task, listen to 2-3 works.)

It can be:

Oh, Volga!., my cradle,

Has anyone loved you like me?

(Nice.)

The Neva rushed all night to the sea ...

And she couldn't argue...

But by the force of the wind from the bay

Blocked Neva

Went back, angry, turbulent,

And flooded the islands.

(A. S. Pushkin.)

- Rivers evoked different feelings among poets, writers, artists.kov, and we will try to say in prose what a river is. (Children fromvechayut, give their definitions.)

Let's check our definitions with what is written in the textbook.nick.

If the definitions match, the teacher gives an excellent mark, and ifthere are sharp differences, it should be answered: why did they not pay attentionon this detail of the definition?

The river consists of a source, a channel, a mouth. Draw in a notebookku, using the component parts in the figure.

One student works at the blackboard. It depicts a river:

lake

- Sign: tributary, source, mouth, channel.

lake

source

Define the terms: source, tributary, mouth, channel.

Source - the beginning of a river, the place from which a permanentthe flow of water in the stream.

mouth - the place where a stream (river, stream) flows into another river, more, lake, reservoir.

channel - the lowest part of a river valley along whichdit water flow.

tributary - a watercourse flowing into another, in relation to thisto another.

Exist different kinds mouths.

Estuaries - funnel-shaped mouth of the river, expanding a hundredthe crown of the sea. It is formed when sediments brought by a river are carried away by tidal currents, and the adjacent part of the sea isexactly deep, so that sediment accumulation does not occur.

Delta - the shape of the mouth of the river with channels into which it is dividedmain stream. Deltas in the form of different types, more often have threecharcoal or fan-shaped. Deltas are not formed smallwater areas of the sea (lake) at the confluence of the river, carrying a largethe amount of deposits.

Open the physical map of Russia and the hemispheres in the atlases.Give examples of rivers that have a mouth in the form of a delta orestuaries. The entry in the notebook is done in the form of a diagram.

mouth

delta

estuaries

Lena,

Volga,

Mississippi

Yenisei,

Thames,

St. Lawrence

We have almost answered the question: what is a river systemma? Let's get back to the drawing. We should finish it.

Where does the main river start?(In the lake.)

Where does the flow start?(Mountains have glaciers.)

- Where else can tributaries originate?(For example, in a swamp, spring.)

- Let's finish our diagram: a tributary originating from a spring andtributary originating from the swamp.

How many tributaries did you get?(Three.)

How will we distinguish them?

Students put forward versions, until someone says,that there are left and right tributaries.

How do we determine which is left and which is right?(Need to stand in the direction of the current, facing the mouth. If the river flows to the right, then this is a right tributary, and if on the left - then le exit.)

If the students do not answer themselves, then look for the answer in the textbook.

Look at the tributaries originating from the swamp and the spring.What can you say about them? (They are left.)

Do you have a question?(How to tell them apart if they are both left?)

- One of them is of the first order, and some of the second. How would you like themcalled?(The one that flows first is of the first order, the one that flows into a tributary of the first order is the second.)

- This is the river system. Subtitle your risunka in a notebook. Read in a textbook what a river system istopic (or define yourself and compare with the definitionin the textbook).

Let's work on the atlas. RF map. Find r. Ob. Describeriver system according to the plan:

1) Main river.

2) The source of the main river, the mouth of the main river.

3) Left and right tributaries.

4) TributariesI, II, IIIetc. tributaries.

Answer:

1) The Ob is the main river.

2) The source of the city of Altai, at the junction of the river. Biya and Katun. Mouth -Kara Sea.

3) Left tributary - Irtysh;

4) InflowIorder - the Irtysh;IIorder - Ishim.

And now let's try to describe the river system of that river, whichparadise flows in your area.

The teacher hangs out cards with the image of rivers in the system paalleles and meridians. Ask students to identify rivers.

And now our task is to learn how to determine the length of rivers. Wewe already know how to measure the length between cities. What is the differencethe essence of measuring the distance between cities and the length of rivers?(Rivers meandering.)

- How can you measure the length of a meandering river? (WITHby the power of thread and ruler.)

- Right. The thread is laid on the bends of the river. Then cutthreads are combined with a ruler, the resulting distance incentimeters multiplied by the named scale. Measurethe length of the rivers 1 option - Ob, 2 option - Yenisei.On the board there are cards with fragments of topographicmaps showing rivers. Students characterize riversby cards.

Now let's go back to the beginning of the lesson. We started with creativitypoets, artists. What other poem have you preparedknowledge about rivers?

(You can at this stage of the lesson guess puzzles, anagrams,homonyms.)

The name of which river consists of a preposition and a number?(Pripyat.)

- Which Siberian river consists of a personal pronoun and prelog?(Yana.)

- What river name is in your mouth?(Gum.)

- What river can be cut with a knife? Or: which river grows ontree?(Rod.)

- What tributary of the Don is called a tree?(Pine.)

- What river of Western Siberia is called dishes?(Taz.)

I am a Siberian river

Wide and deep.

Change the letter "e" to "y" -

I will become a satellite of the earth.

(Lena - Luna.)

You probably know me

I am the hero of Pushkin's fairy tales.

But if you change "I" to "n",

I will become a Siberian river.

(Elisei - Yenisei.)

I fall into the Selenga with the letter "d",

And with "p" I merge into the Oka.

And I get into the Volga with "s",

But with "f" I'm the White flow.

(Uda - Upa - Usa - Ufa.)

- We rested a bit and got back to work. In contourOn other maps, you need to sign the following rivers: Volga, Ob,Yenisei, Lena, Amur, Congo, Nile, Yangtze, Indus, Ganges, Don,Dnieper, Amazon, Mississippi.

If the students do not have time, then it can be given as homework.

The purpose of the lesson: To form an idea of ​​the river and its parts; river system and its elements; elements of the river valley; rapids and waterfalls; cause-and-effect relationships (dependence of the direction of the river flow on the nature of the relief).

Equipment: Map of the hemispheres, physical map of Russia, pictures of lowland and mountain rivers, rapids and waterfalls.

During the classes

1. Organizational moment.

2. Learning new material.

Solve riddles.

It pours into her
pouring out of it
Itself weaves on the ground. ( River)

Hiding in the winter
I appear in the spring
I have fun in the summer
I go to sleep in the fall. ( River)

Not a horse, but running
Not a forest, but noisy. ( River)

You already understood that the topic of the lesson is “Rivers”. Open your notebooks and write down the topic.

Many wonderful artists depicted rivers in their paintings. Writers and poets loved rivers. Remember Gogol's lines: "The Dnieper is wonderful in calm weather ...", "A rare bird will fly to the middle of the Dnieper ...".

Or Pushkin:

splashing in a noisy wave,
At the edge of its slender fence,
Neva interfered like a patient
In your bed, restless.
Terrible day! Neva all night
Rushed to the sea against the storm ...

In your class, guys, there is probably no such student who has not seen the river.

Tell us about the river you saw.

Have you ever wondered what a river is?

Let's compare our definitions with what is written in the textbook.

Picture 1.

Each river has a channel, source, mouth, tributaries.

Draw this diagram in your notebook.

Define the terms: channel, source, mouth, tributary.

Guys, how can a river begin? Name the possible sources of rivers.

The poet N. Palkin wrote the following lines about the source of the Volga River:

Right from here, right from here
From the depths of the forest spring
A blue miracle runs out -
Russian great river.

Figure 2.

The mouths of the rivers may be different. An estuary is a funnel-shaped mouth of a river that expands towards the sea. Delta - the shape of the mouth of the river with channels into which the main channel is divided. Deltas are most often triangular or fan-shaped. Deltas are formed in shallow areas of the sea or lake at the confluence of a river that carries a large amount of sediment.

On the physical map of Russia and the hemispheres, give examples of rivers that have a mouth in the form of a delta or estuary. Write down examples (Figure 2).

Determine the sources and mouths of the rivers Lena, Ob, Nile, Amazon on the maps of the atlas.

Which general direction do these rivers have currents?

Remember! Rivers are shown from source to mouth.

Show the correct rivers on the map.

Most rivers are tributaries of others. For example, the Moscow River is the left tributary of the Oka River, the Oka River is the right tributary of the Volga River.

And how to determine the left is a tributary or right? ( One must mentally stand facing the mouth of the river, that is, in the direction of its flow. If the river flows on the right - the right tributary, on the left - the left).

What is the tributary of the Yenisei Angara? At the Ob - the Irtysh?

What is a river system? Let's go back to Figure 2. We need to finish it.

Where does the main river start? ( In the lake)

Where does the flow start? ( Glaciers in the mountains)

Where else can tributaries originate? ( For example, in a swamp, a spring)

Let's finish our scheme: a tributary originating from a spring, a tributary originating from a swamp.

How many tributaries did you get? ( Three)

What is a river system? ( The main river with all tributaries forms a river system)

Compare your definition with the textbook definition.

Let's work with the atlas map. Describe the Ob River according to the plan:

The name of the river.

1. The source of the river.
2. Mouth of the river.
3. Direction of flow.
4. Right and left tributaries.

Figure 3

How many river systems are shown here?

Transfer the drawing to a notebook and draw a line between them with a felt-tip pen.

Find the river on the map. Ob and r. Volga, Yenisei and Lena rivers. What is the boundary between them?

Read in the textbook what is the name of the boundary between river systems?

Guys, what happens to the moisture that falls on land in the form of precipitation? (Evaporates, seeps, flows into rivers). The land area from which all the water flows into one river is called a river basin.

Figure 4

Establish what is the basin of the Lena River?

What is the basin of the Ob River?

Guys, we live in the Don River basin. Some of you may have never seen this river.

She is quite far from us. But imagine that the moisture that has fallen in the form of precipitation will surely someday fall into this river.

Do you remember what a riverbed is?

The bed of the river lies at the bottom of a wider depression in the terrain called the river valley.

Figure 5

Listen to the message about the river valley, as you tell the story, draw a diagram of the river valley in your notebooks and sign its parts.

A river valley is a relatively narrow, elongated, winding depression formed by the work of water flowing along the channel. The valley has a channel, I understand, terraces.

The channel is the lowest part of the valley, occupied by the water flow.

Floodplain - the lower part of the valley, regularly flooded during the flood.

A terrace is a natural horizontal or slightly inclined area.

Check your work.

Figure 6

The Pechora River flows into the Arctic Ocean, but most of the rivers of the East European Plain flow south. Why? Where are the sources of these rivers? Can rivers flow in the other direction?

Rivers are mountainous and flat.

Figure 7

Figure 8

About Terek M.Yu. Lermontov wrote:

Terek howls, wild and formidable,
Between the rocky masses
His cry is like a storm,
Tears are spraying.

Or N.V. Gogol: “The Dnieper is wonderful in calm weather. Calmly and smoothly he rolls his pure waters.

Set at least four distinguishing features of a mountain and lowland river.

Answer the question: what affects the direction and nature of the flow of rivers?

Figure 9

Often on rivers, especially on mountainous ones, rapids are formed - exits hard rock, heaps of stones crossing the channel. The river, jumping over them, boils, foams.

And, falling from a high ledge, rivers form waterfalls.

Figure 10.

Student presentations about Angel Falls, Victoria Falls, Niagara Falls.

3. Fixing

We have explored a new topic. What did you learn in the lesson? What new concepts have you learned?

Let's check how you learned the material?

4. The result of the lesson. Grading

5. Homework

Literature:

1. Gerasimova T.P. Starting Course geography. Textbook for grade 6 educational institutions. M., Bustard, 2002.
2. Gerasimova T.P., Krylova O.V. Toolkit in physical geography. M., Education, 1991.
3. Nikitina N.A. Pourochnye developments in geography. M., Wako, 2005.
4. Reader on physical geography. Comp. Maksimov N.A. M., Education, 1981.

Question 1. Draw a diagram of the water cycle in nature. How important is the global water cycle?

The importance of the water cycle is great, since it not only unites all parts of the hydrosphere, but also connects all the shells of the Earth (atmosphere, lithosphere, biosphere and hydrosphere).

Question 2. In which of the oceans is the maximum depth recorded, what is the name of this place?

Mariana Trench in pacific ocean. Depth is about 11000 meters.

Question 3. What waters are land waters? What part of the hydrosphere do they account for?

Land waters: rivers, lakes, swamps, reservoirs, groundwater. The volume of fresh water entering the ocean with river runoff and precipitation does not exceed 0.5 million cubic kilometers, which corresponds to a water layer on the ocean surface with a thickness of about 1.25 m.

Question 4. What is called the source of the river, mouth, river system, basin, watershed? Draw a diagram of the structure of the river system.

Source - the place where a watercourse (eg, a river or stream) originates. Mouth - The place where a river flows into another river, lake, reservoir or sea. A river system is a collection of rivers within a given river basin. Consists of the main river and its tributaries. A river basin is a region of the earth's surface from which all atmospheric precipitation that feeds it is collected in a given river. Watershed - a conditional topographic line on the earth's surface that separates the watersheds (basins) of two or more rivers, lakes, seas or oceans, directing the runoff precipitation along two opposite slopes.

Question 5. What is a river? What are the types of rivers? Give examples of rivers belonging to different types.

A river is a natural permanent (it can dry up seasonally and change its course over time) water flow (watercourse) of considerable size with a natural course along the channel (a natural depression worked out by it) from the source down to the mouth and fed by surface and underground runoff from its basin.

Mountain rivers. They are characterized by a rapid current, a high fall and a slope. They flow in narrow valleys, actively eroding the rock. Yenisei, Indigirka, Tunguska

Flat rivers. Characterized by tortuosity of the channel. Rivers flow slowly over flat terrain. The channels of lowland rivers are often washed out, shallow, then sediments collect in these places, forming rifts, islands. In contrast to them, in other parts of the channel, reaches are formed (popularly - whirlpools), the bottom of which is deepened by currents or whirlpools. The lowland rivers include the Volga, Kuban, Don, Neva, Ob, Don, Amazon, Mississippi, Congo, Nile, Dnieper.

Question 6. What is called a lake? How is a lake different from a river, pond, sea? Using the maps of the atlas, give examples of lakes on various continents.

A lake is a closed depression of land filled with water and not directly connected to the ocean. A lake is a closed body of water that occupies a natural depression in the surface of the Earth. This is the difference between a lake and a pond. Unlike rivers, lakes are reservoirs of slow water exchange.

Caspian Sea, Baikal, Huron, Upper, Titicaca, Victoria.

Question 7. What is called groundwater? Which waters are called groundwater, and which are called interstratal?

Groundwater is water located in the upper part of the earth's crust (up to a depth of 12-16 km) in liquid, solid and vapor states. Most of them are formed due to seepage from the surface of rain, melt and river waters.

There are two types of groundwater: groundwater and interstratal. Ground waters lie on the first water-resistant layer from the surface. Interstratal waters lie between two water-resistant layers.

Question 8. Why is the water in the well, as a rule, clean, clear, cold?

Clean and transparent - because it is filtered through the soil layers and then settled, all the turbidity, if any, settles to the bottom. And the cold one, because up to a certain depth, the temperature of the soil drops and remains at a level of about +5 degrees.

Question 9. What are called glaciers? What conditions are necessary for the formation of glaciers? Prove that glaciers are part of the hydrosphere.

Glacier - a mass of ice of predominantly atmospheric origin, experiencing a viscoplastic flow under the action of gravity and taking the form of a stream. Glaciers are formed as a result of the accumulation and subsequent transformation of solid atmospheric precipitation (snow) with their positive long-term balance. Ice is one of the states of aggregation of water, and water is the hydrosphere, therefore, the glacier is part of the hydrosphere.

Question 10. What role do land waters play in human life?

Water is the basis of life. The role of water in the life of our planet, the individual components of nature, each living being is enormous. It is present in all organisms. The richness and diversity of nature directly depends on the availability of water. Man uses rivers and lakes for movement, recreation, creating reservoirs to use the energy of rivers.

Parts of the river. The beginning of the river is called the source. The place where a river flows into another river, lake or sea is called a mouth. The depression through which a river flows is a channel. The river has right and left banks. Other rivers and streams - tributaries - usually flow into the river.

The world around 2 class

"Structure of the Red Book" - the Red Book of Russia. Rare species animals. Rare little-studied animals. Number. Red Pages. Project. Canarian black oystercatcher. Extinct species of animals. Destruction of forests. Rare plants. Five-toed pygmy jerboa. Green Pages. black pages. Disappeared species. Bush bird. Endangered species. Space. Yellow Pages. Edition. What is the Red Book. Danger of extinction.

"Questions about wildlife" - Sugar sand. Tractor. Spider. Car. Water. Mineral resource. Butterfly. Ant. Human. Rainbow. Clay. Grass. Mushroom. Stone. Bee. Presentation management. Spaceship. Bush. Excavator. Raft. What is man-made.

"Plants and animals of the Red Book of Russia" - The Red Book of Russia. Gray dolphin. Reindeer. Beauty crane. Bell. We are the masters of our nature. Beaver. Red is a danger signal. Amur tiger. May lily of the valley. Silkworm butterfly. Hedgehog.

"City on the Neva" - The Bronze Horseman. "City on the Neva". Peter-Pavel's Fortress. Get to know some of the sights of our city. Together it's not difficult, Together it's not crowded, Together it's easy And it's always interesting! City on the Neva. Metro station Admiralteyskaya.

""Test around the world" Grade 2" - Travel. On which diagram the main sides of the horizon are indicated correctly. The border where the sky seems to converge with earth's surface. Which answer lists the spring months in the correct order? Russia is on the mainland. What is located on the Palace Square. In which answer are the sights of St. Petersburg correctly labeled? In which figure are the parts of the compass marked correctly. On which diagram are the parts of the mountain correctly signed.

“What is made of what” - Where did the paper for the manufacture of notebooks and books come from. Look at the pictures on p. 107 and you will learn how wool is made. Electric saws cut down trees. How is wool made? Where do spoons, forks and knives come from? Timber trucks carry logs to the river or to the railway station. Follow the path from the quarry clay to our vase (p. 105). People who make pottery and pottery are called potters.

We have all seen the river and know what it looks like. Every day I see the Dnieper from the window of my apartment. Very love this river. In the summer I like to relax in the countryside, and there are several small rivers. In fact, my entire childhood was spent near the river. I wonder if there are people who do not like to go on vacation near the river in the summer? Personally, I really love this type of holiday.

What is a river

Let's close our eyes and remember the most beloved river of your childhood. What does it look like and what parts does it consist of?

A river is a natural body of water that flows in its own permanent channel. The water in the river does not stand still. It is constantly in motion - it's called flow. Remember how you easily go with the flow. He lay down on the water, and she herself carried you. And it's hard to swim against the current.

These natural reservoirs are fresh water and almost never dry out. Why do they almost always have water in them? The fact is that there are various sources of food for rivers:

• rain;
• snow;
• glacial;
• groundwater;
• mixed food.

Rivers are different the nature of the current, regime, length and width. Each river is unique. It is a habitat for river flora and fauna.

Main parts of the river

The river is a small mysterious world for a person. It's not just a stream. It communicates with other bodies of water and has its parts:

• source - the place where the river begins(mountains, lake, spring). Sometimes the source may be the confluence of two rivers;
• mouth - the place where the river ends. It can flow into the sea, another river or lake. Sometimes it can be pumped "blind end" when it dries up in hot climates;
• a river valley is a depression in relief through which a river flows. At the mountain river the valley is narrow and shallow, at the flat rivers it is deep and wide;
• channel - the lowest part of the valley. It may be flat or twisted. These bends are called meanders;
• banks - borders of the river. There is a right and left bank. Distinguish along the river;
• terraces - accumulative sediments of sand or gravel near the banks of the river;
• tributaries - rivers that flow into the main. Just like the banks, there are right and left.

Rivers are used by man for his life needs.