Dorado: features and habitat, properties and preparation. Useful properties of dorado Dorado red or white fish

Dorado, Aurata, crucian carp - all these are different names for the same species of individuals from the Sparov family. The benefits and harms of dorado fish have been carefully studied by experts. Studies have confirmed the presence of vitamins, microelements and other substances necessary to maintain human health in the meat of marine life.

To get the maximum therapeutic effect from the introduction of fish into the diet, it is necessary to give preference to chilled products. In respect of cooking dorado is not very demanding, even when frying, useful elements are preserved in its fibers.

Brief description of dorado fish

The fish got its main name for the presence of a golden strip between the eyes (from the Spanish "dorado" is translated as "golden"). It lives in the eastern part of the Atlantic Ocean, is found in the Mediterranean and, very rarely, in the Black Seas. Representatives of the family are easy to distinguish from other species due to the special shape of the head, powerful upper jaw and the special arrangement of the fins.

Tip: There are two types of dorado fish - gray and royal. The latter is a little more expensive, but it has a more delicate taste. In order not to be mistaken in the choice, one must remember that the royal dorado has a gray color, but with a pinkish tint.

IN natural conditions fish can live up to 11 years, growing during this time up to 70 cm and gaining weight under 17 kg. Today, individuals grown under artificial conditions mainly fall on store shelves. They are grown only up to 12-16 months, until the weight reaches 300-600 g. You should not be afraid for the quality of such products, it is at a very high level.

The composition and benefits of dorado

Dorado fish has a low calorie content, only 97 calories per 100 g of product. It is often used as a component diet food. The meat of individuals is rich in protein, fatty acids, useful cholesterol. In addition, it contains, PP and group B, macro- and microelements.

If you introduce the product into the diet on an ongoing basis, at least 2 times a week, you can count on improving the general condition and narrowly focused manifestations:

Weight is normalized. The nutrients in dorado are enough to meet the needs of the body, but they are not able to provoke a set of extra pounds.
Immunity will be strengthened, the body's resistance to negative external factors will increase.
The hormonal background stabilizes, metabolism accelerates, sexual function improves.
The digestion process will improve due to the production of important enzymes and bowel cleansing.
Substances in the composition of dorado stimulate the brain, which prevents the development of diseases characteristic of the elderly.
will decrease elevated level blood sugar. Fish is especially useful for people with diabetes or predisposition to the condition.
The composition of the blood will improve, the likelihood of the formation of blood clots and cholesterol plaques on the walls of blood vessels will decrease.
The concentration of attention and even the level of intelligence will increase.

Of course, all these results are possible only in the case of eating fresh fish. To check the quality of the product, you just need to put it on the palm of your hand. Fresh dorado is very resilient, so its tail, head or other parts will not hang from your hand. You can also press on the meat with your fingertip. The resulting dent should quickly straighten out, leaving no traces.

Possible harm to dorado fish

Fresh and properly cooked fish is absolutely safe for adults, children, the elderly and pregnant women. Allergy to the product is extremely rare. A negative reaction of the body is possible only in the case of the use of low-quality dorado or a violation of the technology for its processing.

In the process of cooking fish, one should be aware of the sharp spikes on its fins, they can be severely injured. It is better to immediately cut them with kitchen scissors or even cut them with a knife. There are not very many bones in the dorado, but very small elements are still sometimes found. It must be eaten with caution. For children, it is recommended to clean it thoroughly.

Dorado is actively used in the kitchen different countries world, and not only where it is caught or grown by artificial means. The product responds well to all kinds of cooking options. With any approach, it turns out to be very tasty and retains its benefits.

Here are just a few options for cooking dorado fish:

Stuffed and baked in foil with vegetables, herbs and olives.
Grilled or baked on an open fire.
Oven baked. This can be done in a bag, foil, without additional devices.

When working with dorado, you need to remember a number of rules that can improve the quality of the finished dish:

Fish should be cooked with a head and a tail, then it will turn out to be as juicy as possible and will not lose nutrients.
The optimal size of the fish is 25-40 cm. Larger individuals are only suitable for stewing or frying over an open fire.
If you have to cook dorado on the stove, you need to use some kind of sauce, otherwise the meat will dry out. The optimal basis will be fish or vegetable broth with olive oil and grated vegetables.
Dorado is served only with dry white wine, regardless of the method of preparation. Grated garlic with olive oil should be used as a flavor enhancer. Tomatoes, capers and pitted are considered a suitable side dish.
If you plan to use potatoes as a side dish, then it is better to cook it at the same time as the fish. Only in this case, the two ingredients will be successfully combined.

You can cook fish soup from crucian carp, it is allowed to fry fish in a small amount vegetable oil or steam. But in these cases, her taste will not be fully revealed. It is better to stick with the classic approaches to product processing and just experiment with different sauces, herbs and spices as an addition.

Dorado ( crucian carp) is a popular fish in the Mediterranean and the Caribbean. Fish gained its fame in the era of Ancient Rome. It was specially grown in reservoirs and pools. Now crucian carp are bred in Turkey, Italy, Spain, Greece and France.

Growing in artificial conditions, in clean water, is quite expensive, the full cycle lasts about a year and a half, special food is required that allows the fish to grow to the desired size and be less susceptible to diseases, of course, this is reflected in the cost of the final product.

The most popular types are "gray" And "royal". The product is considered a delicacy, valued for the taste of meat. It is dense, tender, slightly sweet, fragrant, contains few bones; the meat of the royal sea bream is more tender with a pink tint.

Useful properties of the product

Dorado contains many macro and microelement vitamins, which have a beneficial effect on the human body. lovers healthy eating and adherents of low-carbohydrate diets will appreciate fish for its dietary qualities. Nutritional value per 100 grams of crucian carp - 98 kcal. The ratio of BJU (proteins, fats, carbohydrates): 18 g / 3 g / 0.

Chemical composition:

Vitamins: A, B1, B2, B5, B6, D9, B12, PP.

Macro and micronutrients:

Magnesium.
Calcium.
Potassium.
Sodium.
Selenium.
Phosphorus.
Manganese.
Copper.
Zinc.

Nutrients:

Squirrels.
Fats.
Saturated fatty acids.
Polyunsaturated fats.
Monosaturated fats.
Water.
Cholesterol.

Product Use:

Regulates protein, carbohydrate, fat metabolism.
Helps with diseases of the gastrointestinal tract.
Stimulates the brain, improves attention and memory.
Normalizes the work of the thyroid gland.
Weight loss.
Stabilization of blood sugar levels.
Regulates the production of hormones.
Strengthens the heart and blood vessels, bones.
Improves kidney function.
Accelerates metabolism.
Benefits for vision, hair, skin and nails.

With regular use of crucian carp (at least twice a week), well-being will improve.

Eating fish during pregnancy can help proper fetal development supports the body future mother. Dorado does not contain mercury like other types of fish.

It is better to cook dishes by steaming or stewing. The low content of fats that can provoke allergies make it possible to include crucian carp in the diet of lactating women by steaming with a minimum amount of salt. Start with a small amount, if during the day the baby does not show redness, colic, indigestion, fish can be included in the mother's menu.

Possible harm to the body

Dorado has no contraindications, harm to the body can be caused by a stale product and allergic to seafood. It is not recommended to give fish to small children, they can choke on small bones that are present in small quantities.

How to use for weight loss

The crucian carp is suitable for people who want to significantly reduce their weight, but are not ready to give up delicious food. The fish has a pleasant taste and aroma, spices are not required for its preparation. For diet food, you can cook fish in different ways: bake in the oven, on the grill, you can even eat it raw. Fish is combined with vegetables, rice.

KBJU per 100 g, depending on the method of preparation of the product:

Delicious recipes

Dorado is suitable for lunch or dinner, you can add it to the menu daily without harm to health. The fish is fried, stewed, grilled or steamed, baked in the oven in foil and a sleeve, boiled fish soup, make cutlets, stuffed, make stuffing for pies. Used raw.

Cooking rules:

The carcass is cooked whole - the taste will be more saturated.
Steam cooking time 15 minutes, in the oven - 10-15 minutes fry for 2 minutes on each side.
For large carcasses, several cuts are made on the sides for uniform cooking.
When frying or stewing, use the sauce to keep the juiciness.
Sauces are prepared on the basis of white wine, olive oil with lemon, olives mashed with tomatoes.
Of the spices, basil and Provence herbs are suitable, they are laid in the abdomen, they will give a piquant taste without interrupting the main taste and aroma of the fish.
Rice, vegetables, boiled asparagus, rarely potatoes are used for garnish.
White Burgundy wine is the perfect accompaniment to crucian carp dishes.

Dorado baked with Dor blue cheese

Ingredients:

Fish - 1 carcass.
Dor blue cheese (with blue mold) - 30 g.
Thyme - 2-3 sprigs.
Sea salt, black pepper to taste.
Olive oil - 1 tbsp. spoon.
Cherry tomatoes - 8-10 pcs.
Juice of half a lemon.

Cooking:

Clean the fish, rinse running water dry with paper towel.
Salt, pepper and drizzle with lemon juice.
Thyme put in the abdomen, leave to marinate for 10 minutes.
Line a baking dish with parchment paper and brush with olive oil.
Put cheese cut into small pieces in the belly of the fish.
Put the fish and cherry tomatoes on parchment, put in the oven, preheated to 190 degrees, bake for 20-25 minutes.
Complete the finished dish with a glass of dry white wine.

Dorado (sea carp) steamed with shrimps

Ingredients:

Fish - 2 carcasses.
Young asparagus - 120 g.
Leek - 100 g.
Tiger shrimp tails - 8 pcs.
Soy sauce - 1 tbsp. spoon.
Juice of 1 lemon.
Salt, pepper to taste.

Cooking:

Prepare fish carcasses, clean, make an incision along the back, remove the ridge, gut, remove the gills, wash.
Stuff the fish with leek, shrimp, pour soy sauce, lemon juice, salt, pepper to taste.
Steam for 10-15 minutes, 5 minutes before done add the asparagus.
Serve with a glass of white Burgundy wine.

Bon appetit!

". This diet is based on olive oil and fish.

If you ask yourself which fish is considered “the most Spanish”, then the first thing that comes to mind is the dorada fish. In this article we will talk about what kind of fish it is and how it is associated with Spain.

Dorado. History and geography.

"Dorado" means "gold". In modern Spanish, the word "oro" is used more often, which causes confusion in determining the meaning of this word. Even at the beginning of the colonial era, symbolizing the historical greatness of Spain, the conquerors from the Iberian Peninsula were looking for the mythical country of Eldorado. According to legend, this country was located in South America and was rich in gold. Hence the name "El Dorado".

On the map of modern Spain, we can also see the toponym "dorado". The world famous and most popular Spanish resort is called "Costa Dorado", i.e. Dorado Coast. Some tourists, when they are served dorada fish dishes at the resort, think that the coast is so named because dorada fish is found around it. For this reason, many associate this breed of fish with Spain.

In fact, there is another version of the name of the coast: the Gold Coast. Those who have been to this Spanish resort know that it impresses with its golden sandy beaches.

The name of the fish "dorada" also comes down to the word "gold". Scientifically, the fish is called sparus aurata (from Latin aurum - gold), and in Russian - golden spar. This fish can be caught off the coast of Spain, including not far from the coast of the same name.

There is another fish called dorado, and it is, oddly enough, also associated with the Hispanic world. Found in the Amazon basin off the coast Latin America, A the best place Argentina is considered to be catching it, where the “Dorado Festival” is held annually. This fish has a bright golden color, in Russian it is called "golden dorado" to avoid confusion with other marine inhabitants of the same name. With the Mediterranean golden spar, "Hispanic" has nothing in common, except for the name.

It is also worth noting that the rules for writing and declension of the name of this fish in Russian have not yet been settled, however, the Mediterranean fish is most often called “dorada” in the feminine gender and declined accordingly. And it is customary to call Latin American fish in the masculine gender “dorado” and not incline, although you can find the name “dorado” in relation to the golden spar.

golden spar

The spar family belongs to the perch-like order, they are also called crucian carp. Therefore, in a sense, a gilthead is a Spanish perch or crucian carp, but it would be more correct to say not Spanish, but Mediterranean. Associating gilthead fish exclusively with Spain is still not entirely correct. This fish is found in the Mediterranean Sea and the Atlantic Ocean, mainly in its eastern part. In rare cases, if you are very lucky, fish can also be found in the Black Sea.

Dorada fish is well known in all countries of the Mediterranean. It has been eaten since ancient times, Ancient Rome And Ancient Greece. The Greeks dedicated this fish to the goddess Aphrodite. And the Romans fattened her in salt pools. Artificial breeding of this fish is common today in many countries of Southern Europe.

The Mediterranean gilthead, also known as the golden spar or aurata, is an oval-shaped silver fish, somewhat similar to the crucian and roach familiar to us, with a solid and prickly dorsal fin that makes it related to perch. The fish has a fairly massive head, and a distinctive feature is a golden spot between the eyes.

Dorada is considered not a very large fish, but its length can reach more than half a meter, the weight of a large individual reaches 17–18 kg. There are also giants weighing up to 50 kg. Fishermen and culinary specialists respect medium and small individuals, usually fish weighing about a kilogram is used for cooking, and the meat of a small fish that weighs about 0.5 kg is considered the most delicious.

Dorada can be reckoned conditionally predatory fish, she eats small marine life: plankton, mussels, worms, shrimps, but also does not disdain plant food. The fish lives mainly in shallow water, along ports and rocky ridges, as well as in estuaries. The diet and its habitat make fishing easier for amateur fishermen; fish can be caught on tackle that resembles a fishing rod with a float and sinker familiar to many from childhood.

Culinary properties

Dorada is a white fish with fragrant slightly pinkish meat. This fish has very few bones, which makes it easy to use in cooking and increases its popularity among chefs and gourmets. In addition, Dorada is one of the most delicious fish couple families. It is very useful, as it contains many trace elements: iodine, manganese, boron, fluorine, copper, zinc and others, and is also low in calories, which makes it suitable for dietary nutrition.

Recipes

There are many ways to cook fish. The most common recipe is roasting in foil with vegetables. Even a novice hostess will cope with this recipe. Simple and fast!

Clean the fish from the insides and scales. Wash and put on foil.
Prepare vegetables: peel and cut into large slices potatoes, cut asparagus, peel and cut onions into rings, cook olives. Wash and cut lemon into slices.
Put vegetables next to the fish if the fish is small, or place inside the fish if the carcass is large.
Salt lightly.
Roll up the foil, leaving a small hole for the steam.
Bake in the oven for 20-30 minutes. Very large fish may take a little longer.
After cooking, unfold the foil, put the vegetables and fish on a plate. Can be served with tomato salad.

This is just one of the many options for cooking fish with vegetables. Fish is also baked on a vegetable pad or with potatoes. A similar recipe for cooking fish in the oven was called "Spanish Dorada". The main difference with the above recipe is that for fish and vegetables, a parsley and olive oil marinade sauce is pre-prepared, with which the fish is smeared on the outside and inside. To make the fish better fried, cuts are made in it. Dorada in Spanish is usually baked without foil and with potatoes.

Costa Dorada - coast mediterranean sea in Catalonia. Therefore, it is natural that dorada is prepared in Catalonia.

Dorada recipe in Catalan

Clean the fish, gut it, make cuts on large carcasses.
peel the tomatoes; to make this easy, you need to dip the tomatoes for a few seconds in boiling water.
Chop tomatoes and garlic.
Pour olive oil into a baking dish and put fish and vegetables there, pour over white wine, salt.
Sprinkle with breadcrumbs.
Bake for 20-40 minutes depending on the size of the fish.
Serve with boiled potatoes or rice.

There are also more exotic recipes, such as sea bream with fennel and nectarines or sea bream with mango sauce. The essence of these recipes is almost the same everywhere - the fish is baked, sometimes fried in oil until golden brown and served with different vegetables and even

The very fish that can often be found on fish counters is called “golden spar” or crucian carp, as well as small dolphin and small dorado in the language of science. But we are closer to dorado or dorado. The basis for the name (Port. "dorado", Spanish "dorada", French "daurade" - golden, golden) was the presence of a yellow strip between the eyes. This is a relatively small, by sea standards, commercial fish. However, record specimens can reach 17 kg with a body length of 70 cm. Habitat - Mediterranean Sea and East.

It is curious that the history of eating dorado for food has more than one millennium. So, the inhabitants of Ancient Rome were great connoisseurs of this fish, who even grew it in salt ponds. It remains an object of fish farming in our time. Fish farmers in Mediterranean countries, such as Spain, successfully continue the work of ancient Roman colleagues. But cunning Maltese jewelers in ancient times found another use for fish. They made rings with dorado fangs, passing them off as magical snake teeth.

The question often arises: is dorado a feminine or masculine noun? And here lies the most interesting. The fact is that the small (or small?) Dorado is a protandrous hermaphrodite. This rare phrase means that the body changes its sex during life. In dorado, this is expressed in the fact that until the age of 1-2 years, the individual has a male sex, and after that it becomes able to spawn. So the question of sex rests only on finding out the age of the fish.

However, do not confuse the Mediterranean dorado with another inhabitant of the tropical and subtropical parts of all oceans, although it is also a dorado. We are talking about a larger brother of the golden spar - tropical dorado, which the British call dolphin fish, the Italians lampuga, and in the countries of the Indian Ocean - mahi-mahi. Moreover, only males are called in mahi-mahi, and females are called "dorad". That's right, Dorad - this is not a typo.

Unlike its marine counterpart, mahi-mahi is not an object of commercial fishing with nets; rather, it is a coveted trophy object. The steep-browed individuals of this species reach 80 kg and have a length of up to 2 m. The world record is 87 kg. But the average weight ranges from 10-15 kg, with a length of 1 meter. Lampuga is a schooling pelagic fish, that is, living in the water column and closer to the surface, so it can rarely be found in shallow water near the coast. It has an amazing blue-green-yellow color, quickly fading after death. The value in terms of fishing lies in its speed.

A swift swimmer and acrobat, the tropical dorado can reach speeds of up to 80 km/h over short distances, stubbornly resisting the fisherman and throwing themselves out of the water with dizzying candles. Mahi-mahi prefers flying fish to all other delicacies, which it attacks at the moment it falls into the water. You can take advantage of this by using rigs with real flying fish to catch him.

An interesting way to catch this fish is used by Japanese fishermen, using its manner of hiding under floating reeds and other debris. They deliberately scatter reed mats across the water, luring fish. , making his famous on "Kon-Tiki" routes of the ancient Polynesians, drew attention to the fact that throughout the campaign flocks of mahi-mahi were relentlessly near the reed raft. This observation served as an answer to the question about the nutrition of sailors during long voyages.

The varieties described above are still related species, they belong to the genus Corifen. But in fresh waters South America many, where there is another fish that has little in common with the previous ones. The locals call it the "river tiger". The huge head of this fish is 1/5 of the total size and is equipped with powerful jaws with sharp teeth.

The golden color of the scales of this tireless and furious predator determined its name. Incredibly, it is also tautologically called the golden dorado. In the Amazon basin, there is a whole culture of harvesting this fish, a favorite pastime for tourists. Like the great dolphin, the sea tiger is a pelagic predator, which determines the methods of catching it: fly fishing and spinning. Feeds on fish, amphibians and even small birds. Despite their relatively small size(world record - 25 kg), this dorado has such a monstrous resistance that special strength is required from gear.

But despite the differences, all sea doradas are united by one very positive common feature - their gastronomic attractiveness. This is the case when "the spool is neither small nor expensive."

Dorada is a fish representing the spar family. Dorada has many names: it is a golden spar, aurata, sparus, even just a crucian carp! The palatability of this fish is highly valued, as is the nutritional value of the meat.

Appearance

Dorada has an oval body, which is flattened laterally. The head, covered with scales, has a steep profile, and a sharp protrusion can be discerned above the eyes. The gill covers of the fish do not have spines, and the edge of the preoperculum is also smooth. Mouth small, set low. The mouth apparatus of the fish deserves special attention.

Dorada upper jaw goes beyond the bottom, they move forward a little. Each jaw has 4-6 teeth: they are strong, designed for catching. These teeth are followed by crooked and sharp teeth, followed by a couple more rows of chewing teeth. There are no teeth on the palatine bones and vomers.

Dorada has an undivided dorsal fin, which has strictly 11 spiny, as well as 13 or 14 soft rays. The anal fin has 3 sharp rays, 11 or 12 soft rays. The pectoral fin has 1 sharp ray, while it has 5 soft rays. Aurata is distinguished by a dark border located in the middle of the caudal fin, the tips of which are colored in White color. On the basis of the last ray on the dorsal fin, the dorada has a brown spot with a red tint: after death, it disappears.

The golden spar is named after the line between the eyes. It is very clearly visible in the photo: the line is painted in golden color, like the gill covers. The fish can reach large sizes. Dorada grows up to 70 centimeters in length. Its mass reaches 17 kilograms and 200 grams. Dorado can live up to 11 years.

Distribution and habitats

Dorada lives in the Mediterranean Sea and in the eastern waters belonging to Atlantic Ocean. Fishing takes place in coastal zones Turkey, Spain, Italy and France. Awrata is very rare in the Black Sea. Currently, sparus is successfully grown on fish farms.

Aurata is a fish that prefers to be deep enough. It can be found at a depth of about 30 meters. But during the spawning period, it goes to a depth of 150 meters. Young sparus prefers to live in coastal areas, and an adult - further from the coast.

Lifestyle

Sparus, like many sea fish, is a protandric hermaphrodite. All individuals about 20-30 centimeters long, when 1 or 2 years of life pass, are males. The adult fish is female. Dorada spawns in the autumn-winter period. Spawning begins in early October and ends in December.

Portion spawning occurs at a depth of about 150 meters. Larvae hatch from eggs, which, with a length of about 5–9 millimeters, acquire a characteristic bone edge above the eyes. Dorada accepts appearance, inherent in adults, with a body length of about 15 millimeters. The fry move to the belly.

Golden spar is an omnivorous fish. Basically, the sea bream shows the qualities of a predator that eats mollusks, crustaceans and fish. Sometimes seaweed is eaten, but food of animal origin attracts sea bream more. But on the farm, the fish are fed with special granular feed.

By palatability sea bream resembles seabass fish (sea wolf), so their meat can be replaced during cooking. Dorada gives a person valuable dietary meat, in which there is less than 2 grams of fat per 100 grams of edible part. Thus, golden spar is valued not only among coastal countries, but throughout the world. Dorada is a frequent guest on the table of those who take care of their figure and health.