What is the name of the asthma inhaler? How to choose and use an asthma inhaler. Pocket inhalers for bronchial asthma

An asthma attack is dangerous phenomenon. Being an acute manifestation of the disease, it requires immediate assistance. However, when taking tablets, syrups and other pharmacological agents, an immediate effect is not observed. Even intramuscular injections do not contribute to its occurrence. Only inhalation can help in such cases.

After all, they allow drugs to go directly into Airways. That is why, to relieve an acute attack of asthma, they use special inhalers. These devices are easy to use and safe, and therefore popular with all categories of patients.

Classification

Any asthma inhaler provides fast delivery of pharmacological drugs to the bronchial system. Today there are many different types of such devices. And each of them has its own positive and negative sides. The list of asthma inhalers is represented by the following devices:

1. Spacers. They are indispensable in cases where the patient is a child. The fact is that spacers contribute to the entry of drugs into the bronchi, regardless of the patient's breathing.

2. Nebulizers. Such devices contribute to the maximum dispersion of the drug in a small area of ​​​​the bronchial system. Nebulizers are easy to use, but the only way to get the medicine into the patient's body is through inhalation.

3. Pocket. These are compact and easy to use inhalers.

Consider the listed types of asthma inhalers in more detail.

spacer

This asthma inhaler is an additional device that is connected to the main aerosol inhaler. The spacer is typically tube-shaped and is designed to improve drug delivery directly into the respiratory tract.

This device has two openings. One of them is for the inhaler. Through the second, the medicinal aerosol enters first into the oral cavity, and then into the bronchi of the patient. The design of the spacer includes special valves, which can be made of metal or plastic. They are attached to the inhaler and allow you to give the drug only on inspiration. When you exhale, these valves close. This design allows you to use the medicine as economically as possible.

As you can see, the spacer is a fairly simple device. However, it has a number of useful qualities, namely:

1. Thanks to the use of a spacer, the number of drug particles entering the respiratory tract increases many times over. After all, the speed of the jet of a pharmacological agent is quite high. Because of this, a significant amount of the drug does not enter the required area, remaining in the oral cavity.

2. The spacer, preventing the medicine from settling in the mouth, allows the pharmaceutical preparation to be less absorbed into the blood.

3. The device allows not to fix the beginning of the patient's inhalation before pressing the inhaler.

4. Spacers provide invaluable assistance in the treatment of a child. After all, it is difficult for small patients to analyze the respiratory process during inhalation. The device allows the medicine to enter the bronchi regardless of the child's breathing.

Exist different kinds spacers. The main differences between them are in shape and size. Most of these devices are sold together with the main inhalers. Such spacers are inferior in size to those offered separately by pharmacies or specialized stores for allergy sufferers.

In a number of such devices there are removable elements, which makes them easier to wash. Some spacers are designed with sound controllers that monitor the rate of breathing. If you inhale too quickly, the spacer beeps.

The price of such devices is low. On average, it does not exceed one thousand rubles. That is why many asthmatics prefer to have two or even more spacers, using them, for example, at home and at work.

The only drawback of the device is its size. The device cannot be carried around all the time, as is possible with a pocket aerosol.

Nebulizers

Devices like these aren't just for asthma. They have been successfully used in various diseases bronchi, which include bronchitis.

A nebulizer is a fairly simple device, the main functional part of which is a compressor. The purpose of this main part is to convert the solution of the active drug into an aerosol. An air tube is attached to the compressor, at the end of which there is a nebulizer chamber. This container contains active substances. A mask or mouthpiece is attached to the camera.

Such an inhaler for bronchial asthma allows the active substances to enter directly into the bronchi. This treatment has a number of advantages:

Achieving the desired effect in a fairly short period of time;
- the ability to repeatedly reduce the dosage of systemic drugs prescribed to the patient, or even completely abandon their use;
- remove or reduce side effects.

If such an asthma inhaler is used, then the patient will need to follow some fairly simple rules. First of all, it is necessary to thoroughly rinse and dry the solution reservoir, as well as the tube, mouthpiece or nozzle after each procedure. Rinse your mouth and wash your face after using corticosteroids.

Classification of nebulizers

An asthma inhaler can be:

1. Compressor. This is the cheapest and therefore the most common type of inhalation device. In it, the drug solution passes into an aerosol form with the help of a compressor. This part of the apparatus generates a stream of air masses.

Compressor inhaler for asthmatics is easy to use. In addition, when sprayed, it retains the structure of medicinal substances. The advantages of a compressor nebulizer include its affordable price, as well as equipping it with an economizer, which allows for the supply of aerosol only at moments of inhalation.

2. Ultrasonic. Such an inhaler is equipped with an ultrasonic generator that reproduces a specific wave. With its help, the drug solution is brought to the state of an aerosol. This inhaler has small size and runs very quietly. Its only drawback is the limited list of substances used. After all, the structure of large molecules in medicinal substances can be changed by ultrasound.

3. Electronic mesh. It's relative new development nebulizer. In such devices, the aerosol cloud is created by a vibrating membrane. The device has all the advantages of the types of nebulizers described above. Thanks to this device almost the entire volume of the drug enters the lungs.

Some models of electronic mesh nebulizers operate in a pulsating mode, synchronized with the frequency of breaths. This allows you to significantly increase the efficiency of using the device. Nevertheless, such an asthma inhaler is rarely purchased. The price for it is high and ranges from 5 to 20 thousand rubles.

Which nebulizer to choose?

What is the best inhaler? No one can give a definite answer to this question. The choice of one or another type of device will depend only on the patient. In general, budget compressor models are perfect for treatment. However, those who want to see mobility and noiselessness in the device will need to purchase its ultrasonic type.

Which inhaler is better in terms of the substance used? If the patient is prescribed a drug that is incompatible with ultrasound, then the best option for him is an electronic mesh nebulizer. However, in this case, there are some restrictions on the use of oil-containing drugs.

If we consider inhalers in terms of effectiveness, then numerous studies have shown that, regardless of the type of device used, the treatment of the patient is equally successful.

Pocket inhalers

In people suffering from bronchial asthma, an attack can come on suddenly. In this regard, most patients are forced to carry special cans with them. A pocket inhaler is an indispensable tool that can eliminate an asthma attack in the shortest possible time. It is especially necessary for people leading an active lifestyle.

A pocket inhaler is a bottle of pressurized medication. During pressing, the required dose enters the respiratory tract, and the medicine immediately begins its effect. It is worth saying that this version of the device is the most effective for eliminating an asthmatic attack.

Similar devices are:

Aerosol;
- dosed powder;
- hormonal.

Consider these types of compact devices in more detail.

Liquid metered dose inhaler

Such a device allows the use of various types of aerosols. Moreover, they enter the body in a given amount. The metered-dose aerosol inhaler (MAI) is by far the world's most widely used respiratory delivery system for pharmacological drugs. It should be noted that almost two thirds of patients suffering from bronchial asthma use such inhalers.

What is the principle of operation of this inhaler? The drug is placed in the container in the form of a suspension. Here is the propellant. This is a special substance that creates excess pressure, the level of which reaches several atmospheres. The propellant contributes to the displacement of the suspension into the external environment, and when a special mechanism is activated, an aerosol is formed at the outlet of the can.

The main advantages of liquid metered dose inhalers include:

The speed of the procedure;
- no need for refueling medicines;
- convenience and portability;
- low cost.

But AIM also has some disadvantages. So, when using these inhalers, it is noted:

Too rapid formation of an aerosol, leading to the deposition of almost 80% of the drug on the back of the throat;
- the presence of the phenomenon of the remainder, when after using 200 standard doses, another 20 doses of the agent remain in the can, having an unpredictable concentration of active substances;
- drop in the activity of pharmacological preparations during long-term storage of the inhaler;
- irritating effect of an aerosol jet with a low temperature.

Powder metered dose inhaler

These devices have been developed as an alternative to PAMs. Powder inhalers are designed to get a certain dose of a dry drug into the respiratory system of a patient. What is the principle of their work? During the patient's inhalation, vortex flows are created in the device. In this case, the drug, which passes through a special element, is crushed to the smallest particles, the size of which does not reach even 5 microns. This contributes to the slow entry of almost 40% of the drug into the respiratory tract.

The main advantages of metered-dose powder inhalers include:

The ability to not coordinate the breath and activate the inhaler;
- ease of use and portability;
- no side effect in the form of irritation on the mucosa;
- lack of propellants;
- Compliance of the powder temperature with the storage conditions of the device.

The disadvantages of DPI include:

The need to inhale with significant effort, which is necessary to activate the inhaler;
- high cost of the device;
- inability to use a spacer;
- Difficulty in the need to use high doses.

An example of DPI is the drug "Turbuhaler".

Inhalations with hormones

In hormonal inhalers, the use of glucocorticosteroids of the a wide range actions. Well-known hormonal agents such as "Salbutamol" and "Terbutaline". They are designed to actively combat the inflammatory process occurring in the patient's body, and to relieve swelling of the mucous membranes.

Such funds are used only after a course of treatment with oral drugs. Hormonal medications actively affect the respiratory system without penetrating into the bloodstream. Side effects when using them are minimal, since the drugs do not knock down the hormonal rhythm of the body and do not affect the metabolism.

"Salbutamol"

This drug is available in the form of a metered-dose inhalation aerosol. Its main active substance is salbutamol sulfate. It contains 0.029 g in a can.

What pharmacokinetics does the drug "Salbutamol" have? Instructions for use an inhaler with this remedy recommends most asthmatics. It contributes to the delivery of 10-20% of the dose of the active substance to the lower respiratory tract. The rest of the drug settles in the oropharynx or remains in the can. The drug, which has settled on the mucous membranes of the respiratory tract, is not metabolized in the lungs, being absorbed into the blood and lung tissues.

What does the instructions for use say about the indications for the use of the drug "Salbutamol"? An inhaler with this remedy helps with the relief of asthma attacks, and is also used to prevent them. In addition, this tool is recommended as one of the components of maintenance therapy.

Salbutamol is also prescribed for obstructive pulmonary disease and chronic bronchitis.

"Terbutaline"

This drug is also popular among patients suffering from bronchial asthma. In terms of its pharmacological properties, it is quite close to Salbutamol.

"Terbutaline" for the inhaler is available in the form of a metered aerosol. Its main purpose is relief, as well as the prevention of bronchospasm in chronic bronchitis, bronchial asthma, emphysema, as well as other bronchopulmonary pathologies, the course of which is complicated by broncho-obstructive syndrome.

Asthma inhaler: types, names, how they work and how to use it correctly for bronchial asthma.

People who suffer from frequent asthma attacks should always carry an inhaler with them.

An asthma attack is a condition of the body in which acute respiratory failure is felt and emergency assistance is needed. In an asthma attack, a person experiences severe spasms of the airways and suffocation. Tablets, syrups or injections will not help to quickly relieve an attack. Here, an asthma inhaler can cope, which sends medicine directly into the respiratory tract and into the bronchial system.

Before purchasing an inhaler, you should consult your doctor.

Inhalers are very popular with both adults and children, they are easy to use and safe.

Types and their action

Inhalers for bronchial asthma are an indispensable thing for a person suffering from such an ailment. The device provides instant delivery of drugs that relieve spasms in the respiratory tract, which relieves an attack. On this moment a huge number of inhalers different types which have their pros and cons.

spacers

The spacer kit includes special valves, they are attached to the body of the device. Medicines are given only when inhaling, at the moment of exhalation, the supply of the substance is blocked. Such a system allows you to spend medicines more economically, and is also very convenient for treating babies who cannot yet control their breathing process on their own. With the help of a spacer, the medicinal substance enters the respiratory tract of the child, regardless of his breathing. If we talk about the disadvantages of such an inhaler, then this is a larger size than, so it is not always convenient to take it with you.

Good for treating children as it is still difficult for them to control their breathing.

Nebulizers

Which is characterized by the most effective distribution of the medicine to the internal respiratory organs. Evenly distributed, the solution enters the farthest parts of the respiratory tract, which gives an excellent and preventive effect.

The size of the nebulizer allows you to use the device only at home.

However, such an inhaler will not be a salvation for asthmatics with frequent attacks, since its size does not allow you to take it with you to apply it instantly with a suffocating attack. The nebulizer is great for home use, for the purpose of treatment, and not to relieve an attack. The device can be compressor and ultrasonic, in this case, the substance is sprayed through a special membrane, which, oscillating, causes the medicine to spray. The quality and speed of treatment directly depends on the type of nebulizer.

The only disadvantage of portable nebulizers is the overpriced price.

At the moment, manufacturers are actively developing portable nebulizers powered by batteries or rechargeable batteries. However, so far there are few people who want to purchase such an inhaler, since the cost remains high so far.

Liquid inhalers

The metered-dose liquid inhaler allows you to use different aerosols. Pros: Affordable price and ease of use. If we talk about the cons, then there are many more. Firstly, the medicine enters the respiratory system exclusively on inhalation, and this requires certain skills from the patient. Secondly, some of the contents of the inhaler remain in the mouth, causing the substance to enter the gastrointestinal tract, which can lead to unpleasant side effects. Therefore, it is worth consulting a doctor to get a dosage recommendation.

The liquid inhaler is convenient to take with you and can be purchased at an affordable price.

Powder aerosols

A powder inhaler is good because the dose of the drug in dry form enters the respiratory tract in the required amount, without settling in the oral cavity. Efficiency is good and quite simple rules operation. Negative side– high cost in comparison with other inhalers.

More effective treatment but rather high cost.

Hormonal

Such inhalers work with the help of broad-spectrum steroid substances. Such funds help get rid of swelling and inflammation through the hormones of adrenaline. These inhalations are prescribed only by a doctor and only after therapy with more gentle means. Medicines based on hormones do not penetrate into the blood, which avoids severe side effects and metabolic disorders.

Hormonal inhalation should be taken only on the recommendation of a doctor.

Multiple laboratory studies have made it possible to identify the mistakes that are characteristic of asthmatics and that lead to a decrease in the quality of treatment. For example, when using an inhaler, the patient cannot do this while inhaling, while it is with this action that the substance enters the lungs in a much larger amount. Research has led to the development of inhalation devices that are activated on inhalation. That is, the inhaler itself is able to determine when it is necessary to release the medicinal substance.

The most popular drugs for the inhaler

Each inhaler has its own medicines and mode of action. Some are used to relieve acute attacks, others for a long course of therapy. Some substances eventually replace others and their list is quite large. Most often, doctors prescribe the following drugs:

• Flixotide and Symbicort;
• Becotid;
• Salbutamol;
• Ingacourt, Benacort.

Some inhalers have anti-inflammatory properties, that is, they help get rid of the very cause of the disease. Others have a bronchodilatory effect, that is, it has an instant removal of a suffocating attack.

Also, an allergic reaction can be manifested by suffocating spasms.

For the treatment of asthma, drugs of different groups are used:

• Sympathomimetics such as Terbutaline, Levalbuterol, Pirburetol and Salbutamol, they have an expanding effect on the bronchi and stimulate them.
• Blockers of the M-cholinergic receptor group. These include Ipratropium and Atrovent, which help to relax the bronchi.
• Aminophylline and Theophylline belong to the methylxanthine group. They work by blocking enzymes that relax the bronchi.

Therefore, it is worth carefully studying the composition of the drug in the aerosol, for which you should carefully familiarize yourself with the contents of the aerosol.

For inhalation procedures, there are a lot of funds, the most popular of them are Salbutamol or Symbicort. They occupy a leading position, as they most quickly allow you to get rid of painful symptoms and can be used not only for adults, but also for children. To avoid side effects, the patient should learn the correct use of the inhaler from a specialist.

In addition to the tools listed above, there are others, less popular, but no less effective:

• Atrovent;
• Magnesium sulfate;
• Fluimucil;
• Berotek and Berudual;
• Lazolvan and others.

Also, sometimes you can do inhalation with mineral water, for example, Narzan, or saline. This harmless option is most often used for children or, sick, with drug intolerance.

Contraindications for inhalation

Like any other drug, the inhaler has a number of contraindications. This does not mean the type of device, but the drugs that are used in it. So, the use of inhalation treatment is unacceptable in the following cases:

• Lung diseases such as pneumothorax, emphysema, as well as bleeding, coughing up blood.
• Diseases of the cardiovascular system.
• Failure of the functioning of hematopoiesis.
• Hypertension.
• People who have recently had a heart attack or stroke.
• Individual intolerance to drugs in the inhaler.
• Not all medicines can be used for diabetes, pregnancy, and to treat children under two years of age. You need to consult a doctor so that he prescribes a safe treatment.

Also, inhalation is recommended not earlier than 2 hours after charging or eating. After the procedure, smoking is not allowed (including passive). The best option would be if you carry out inhalation and the next half an hour under the supervision of a doctor.

How to use in bronchial asthma

Before you start, you should carefully study the instructions and consult with your doctor which is better to choose an inhaler. This will enable you to receive the best possible treatment.

The rules for using an inhaler device, which is used for frequent attacks, are as follows:

1. Before starting the procedure, it is necessary to rinse your mouth thoroughly to get rid of possible food residues.
2. Next, you need to remove the protective cap from the aerosol and shake it vigorously.
3. Now you need to exhale and tightly clasp the mouthpiece with your lips.
4. It is necessary to inhale the drug and press the inhaler button at the same time.
5. The mouthpiece is removed from the mouth and it is necessary to hold the breath for ten seconds.
6. Now you can exhale the air and close the can tightly.

When using the inhaler, hold the mouthpiece firmly with your lips.

It is worth remembering that if the medicinal substances that are used in inhalers do not relieve symptoms and patients do not feel better after the inhalation procedure, you should consult a doctor. The specialist, in turn, must adjust the treatment, replace drugs and monitor the condition of his ward. It should also be noted that improper use of the device may lead to side effects that are not in the best way may affect human health. In such a situation, another medicine is prescribed, and the patient is re-trained in the use of the inhaler.

It is necessary to take a responsible attitude to your health, the inability to use an inhaler can cost not only health, but also life.

One of the most severe chronic diseases that poison the lives of millions of people around the world is that both adults and children suffer from it. Asthma is characterized by the fact that chronic inflammation causes a strong sensitivity of the bronchi. And in the presence of provoking factors, their spasm occurs, during which a person feels bronchial asthma is very dangerous because you need to respond to them immediately, otherwise the patient begins to suffocate, and death can occur without medicine. IN recent decades there are new effective this disease. It is best to use an asthma inhaler, as it provides the fastest penetration of the medicine into the respiratory tract. Moreover, now there are many varieties of them, and the patient can choose the one that suits him. All people suffering from asthma should carry an inhaler with them at all times so that they can react quickly in the event of an attack.

Features of the disease

Asthma Remedies

Inhalers are The best way instant drug delivery directly into the respiratory tract. During an asthma attack, the patient often does not have time to wait for the injection or pill to take effect. Therefore, inhalers are used in emergency cases. And in the period between attacks for treatment are used conventional means: tablets, syrups or injections. For the prevention of seizures, Ventolin or Brikail are often used. Inhalations are also rarely given to young children, and the medicine for them is used in the form of a syrup. All drugs for asthma can be divided into two groups:

• bronchodilators, which relieve spasm of the muscles of the bronchi, dilate blood vessels and thereby facilitate breathing for the patient;
• anti-inflammatory drugs are used in courses to relieve inflammation and swelling in the bronchi.

Besides, in Lately a hormonal inhaler for asthma has become widespread. Due to the fact that the drug is administered in small doses and immediately into the respiratory tract, it is deprived of all negative consequences hormonal pills, and the effect of it is higher than that of other drugs.

What is an inhaler

Inhalation as a method of treating respiratory diseases has been known since antiquity. People inhaled the smoke from the burning medicinal plants or steam from their decoction. Over time, the procedure improved: from burning leaves on a fire to a clay pot with a straw inserted into it. The modern asthma inhaler has nothing to do with such methods, since it must meet many requirements. The first device for these purposes appeared in 1874, but now there are many varieties of it. Each of them has its pros and cons, and only a doctor can decide which inhaler is best for asthma for a particular patient. But all of them are designed to deliver the drug to the bronchi as quickly as possible and facilitate the patient's breathing. The medicine in the device breaks up into very small particles that quickly penetrate into the lungs. Therefore, now the asthma inhaler is the most the best remedy. An effective replacement has yet to be found.

What are inhalers

There are many medications currently being used to treat asthma attacks. They differ in size, method of administration of the drug and type of drug. The most common pocket inhalers. In bronchial asthma, the following are most often used:

1. Powder inhalers with a dispenser allow you to accurately enter the required dose of the drug. They are very easy to use, but they are more expensive than others.
2. Liquid aerosols are the most inexpensive and common inhalers. Their disadvantage is that they are effective only if the patient takes a breath at the same time as the release of the drug.

In addition, there are stationary inhalers that are inconvenient to use during attacks, but they are used to prevent them:

1. Nebulizers - using a compressor or ultrasound, they break the drug into very small particles that reach the most remote corners of the respiratory tract.
2. The adapter to a conventional inhaler can also be used in stationary conditions. It is called a spacer and helps to deliver the medicine only when you inhale.

How to choose the right inhaler

The doctor, after examining the patient, prescribes him a medicine that is designed to help in the prevention and relief of seizures. When choosing an inhaler, you need to focus on the recommendations of the doctor. But when buying, you should also pay attention to such characteristics:

The most common asthma inhalers

Their list is constantly expanding, new drugs are being created, they are becoming more convenient and safe. Usually the doctor prescribes a drug that is more suitable for the patient. These can be bronchodilators or anti-inflammatory drugs. They are available already in the form of an inhaler or solution for use in a nebulizer. Bronchodilators include:

They are mainly used for the treatment and prevention of seizures. It can be:

• glucocorticoids effectively relieve bronchial edema. These are Fluticasone, Beclamethasone or Budesonide;
• mast cell membrane stabilizers are most often used in pediatrics: Cromolyn and Nedocromil;
• in cases where asthma is not treatable with other drugs, Omalizumab containing anti-immunoglobulin E is used.

Which inhalers are best

It is difficult to answer this question, since the approach must be strictly individual. Only a doctor after a complete examination of the patient can determine which drug and in what form will be effective. The best inhaler for asthma is one that quickly stops an attack, does not cause side effects, and is easy to use. Which of them are the most common?

Benefits of a pocket inhaler

It has the form of a canister in which the drug is under high pressure and, when the cap is pressed, is released into the respiratory tract. It is in this form that it is most convenient to use drugs to stop asthma attacks. After all, in many cases it is very important to apply the treatment in the first seconds. A pocket inhaler can always be carried with you - it is small in size and weighs very little. This is especially convenient for those who are rarely at home and lead an active lifestyle. Using such an inhaler is quite easy, and even children can handle it. An attack can happen at any time, so it is very important that the medicine is always at hand. Pocket inhalers are powder and liquid. Which is better to choose, the doctor can tell. The advantages of this type of inhalers also include the fact that the drug is supplied in strictly defined portions, which makes it possible to prevent its overdose.

Child treatment

From the age of three, children can use an inhaler. Usually this does not cause negative emotions in the child, which cannot be said about injections.

For more accurate dosing of the drug for young children, it is recommended to use a spacer, which, using a special valve, delivers the medicine only when inhaling. Later, you can do without it. What inhalers for bronchial asthma are used for children? It is best to use powdered ones, as they are easier to dose. In this regard, Symbicort Turbuhaler is quite convenient and safe.

How to use a pocket inhaler correctly

After a minute, you can, if necessary, inject a second dose of the drug.

Asthma Patient Safety Rules

• a person with any form of the disease should always have on hand a remedy for stopping an attack. Make sure you don't forget your asthma inhaler when you leave the house. You need to know or write down its name in order to purchase it at a pharmacy if necessary;
• do not use inhalers more than 8 times a day. If the seizures recur or the drug does not help, you should consult a doctor;
• when using an inhaler, you must read the instructions - it is often recommended to rinse your mouth after using it, otherwise the drug may cause stomatitis or thrush;
• in addition to using drugs prescribed by a doctor, it is important to lead a proper lifestyle for the prevention of seizures: avoid tobacco smoke, various allergens, dose physical activity, do not be nervous and do not overcool.

Bronchial asthma is a serious disease accompanied by chronic inflammation in the airways and bronchial hypersensitivity. There are many factors that can trigger an attack.

Medicine has stepped far forward in the treatment of bronchial asthma. Currently, drugs are being produced that can control the course of the disease, protecting a sick person from severe exacerbations.

Among the list of the best medicines, inhalers rightfully remain in the first place. And all thanks to the fact that they contribute to the rapid entry of the drug into the respiratory tract.

Description of symptoms

Bronchial asthma is chronic illness, which occurs due to inflammation of the respiratory tract and is accompanied by spasm of the bronchi, which produce a large amount of mucus. This prevents air from passing through the airways normally.

Bronchial asthma has two types:

1. (allergenic). It can be caused by various allergens, such as dust, plant pollen, certain foods, animal dander, perfume, and so on. IN childhood most often occurs precisely atopic bronchial asthma.
2. Non-atopic asthma (non-allergenic). It is diagnosed less frequently than atopic bronchial asthma. Its occurrence is due to the fact that the human body is hypersensitive to infectious allergens.

This disease can be mild, moderate or severe course. Depending on this and on the frequency of occurrence of seizures, drugs are selected, the action of which is aimed at suppressing them.

The main cause of bronchial asthma is bronchial hyperreactivity. By this is meant that the bronchi react too sharply to various stimuli.

Other causes of this disease:

1. Depending on genetics and health status:
   • Floor. Most often, males get sick, because their bronchial lumen is narrower.
   • Overweight. Due to extra pounds, the diaphragm takes a higher position. In this case, insufficient ventilation of the lungs is provided.
   • Heredity. If a family member or relatives have bronchial asthma, then the risk of this disease in a child increases significantly.
2. External factors:

• Products (chocolate, honey, nuts, dairy products and so on),
• Animal fur.
• Mold, damp.
• House dust.
• Pollen from flowering plants.
• Medications (antibiotics).

It is difficult to diagnose bronchial asthma in childhood. This disease in its symptoms is similar to a cold or other respiratory diseases.

With asthma, there is no increase in body temperature, coughing does not produce sputum.

Before the onset of an asthma attack, you may notice some signs a few days before the onset of an asthma attack. At this time, there is irritability, constant excitement, sleep is disturbed. First, liquid mucus begins to flow from the nose, causing sneezing. After a few hours, it appears, which then gradually intensifies and becomes wet. The immediate symptoms of bronchial asthma appear after one or two days, when the cough becomes paroxysmal.

Symptoms of bronchial asthma:

1. Whistling rales on exhalation.
2. Difficulty breathing.
3. Feeling of tightness in the chest.
4. Cough worse at night.
5. Worsening of the condition upon contact with an allergen or other factor that provokes an attack.
6. lower respiratory tract.
7. Improvement in condition after taking antihistamine and anti-asthma drugs.

Why are inhalations effective?

The effectiveness of inhalations for the treatment of bronchial asthma is explained by the fact that the penetration of the drug is carried out directly into the desired organ. Whereas intravenous administration the drug or its ingestion leads to the fact that the drug is distributed throughout the body through the vessels or through the liver. A list of drugs for bronchial asthma is presented in.

Benefits of inhalation:

• The fastest possible delivery of the drug to the affected bronchi;
• The maximum concentration of the drug in the affected area.
• Long-term effect of the drug on the bronchi, since, getting into them in the form of an aerosol, it remains in the organ for the longest possible time.
• The method is suitable for the treatment of bronchial asthma in young children.
• Improvement occurs after a couple of inhalation procedures.

List of types of inhalers for the treatment of asthma

Inhalers are devices that deliver medicine very quickly into the respiratory tract. Currently, you can find many varieties of these devices. Each of them has its own advantages and disadvantages.

Bronchial asthma in each patient can manifest itself in different ways. Therefore, it is better to entrust the choice of an inhaler to a doctor.

Types of inhalers:

1. Spacers. They are indispensable for the treatment of bronchial asthma in children, since they ensure that the medicine enters the bronchi regardless of breathing.
2. . They provide maximum spraying of the drug in a small area of ​​​​the bronchi.
3. Dosed liquid aerosol. It is very easy to use, but the medicine enters the respiratory system only with inhalation.
4. Dosed powder. They contribute to the ingestion of the required dose of a dry preparation into the patient's body.
5. Hormonal. They allow the use of broad-spectrum glucocorticosteroids.

The use of nebulizers

Nebulizers deliver drugs directly to the lungs. They convert a liquid medicine into an aerosol, but at the same time all the properties are preserved. Small aerosol particles are delivered to the respiratory tract almost without loss, and the therapeutic effect is felt almost immediately (after inhalation of the medicine, relief is felt).

Models of nebulizers and how to use them correctly:

1. Compressor nebulizers. They create an aerosol cloud thanks to a compressor that delivers a strong flow of air with medicine through a narrow opening. These models are the most common. They can nebulize almost all medicines.
2. Electronic mesh nebulizers. They create an aerosol cloud using a vibrating plate that has many small holes. A medicinal solution passes through these holes, the structure of the substances is not disturbed and there are no restrictions on use.
3. ultrasonic nebulizers. They create an aerosol cloud due to the action of a high frequency ultrasonic stream on the drug solution. However, such models can destroy some drugs, such as mucolytics, hormonal and antibacterial agents. They are not suitable for all medicinal solutions.

How to use steam

Steam inhalers are used to prevent and treat diseases of the upper respiratory tract.

This type of inhaler has an affordable price. It is excellent for the treatment of bronchial asthma.

The principle of operation of a steam inhaler is based on the inhalation of hot steam. We can say that this device is an analogue of the grandmother's method, when inhalations were done over a pan with boiled potatoes or herbal decoctions.

Despite all the advantages, steam inhalers have a number of disadvantages:

• Cannot be used by small children.
• Additional thermal effect is contraindicated in certain diseases.
• Prohibited in the presence of vascular diseases.
• Do not use many medicinal solutions.
• Cannot be used at high temperatures.

By type of drug and how to use them correctly in bronchial asthma

Drugs that are used to treat bronchial asthma are divided into two large subgroups: bronchodilators and anti-inflammatory drugs.

Bronchodilators

These include:

• Sympathomimetics (Salbutamol, Pirbuterol, Terbutaline, Levalbuterol). They stimulate receptors in the bronchi and expand their lumen. Drugs are now being prescribed that can quickly suppress an asthma attack. In addition, they are quickly excreted from the body.
• Blockers of M-cholinergic receptors (Ipratropium). They provide relaxation of the bronchi.
• Glucocorticoids (Beclamethasone, Budesonide, Fluticasone, Flunisolide). They have a strong anti-inflammatory effect. These drugs have many side effects when used systemically, therefore, drugs are currently being produced that enter directly into the lungs and do not have side effects.
• Methylxanthines (Theophylline, Aminophylline). These drugs have a complex mechanism of action, which is based on the blocking of certain enzymes in the body. This relaxes the smooth muscles of the bronchi and achieves a bronchodilator effect.

Anti-inflammatory

• Mast cell membrane stabilizers (Cromolin, Nedocromil). They prevent the release of biologically active substances from leukocytes, which provoke inflammation and swelling of the bronchial mucosa. Stabilizers are available in the form of aerosols for irrigation of the nasal mucosa.
• Leukotriene inhibitors (Zafirlukast, Montelukast, Zileuton). They prevent the formation of leukotrienes and prevent the development of mucosal edema. Used in conjunction with inhalers to treat aspirin asthma.
• Antiimmunoglobulin E (Omalizumab). It inhibits its attachment to mast cells. This drug is prescribed when asthma does not respond to other means of treatment.

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conclusions

Inhalers help to effectively treat bronchial asthma. They relieve an acute attack and deliver the medicine directly to the bronchi. In addition, these devices are easy to use and safe even when used by children.

It should be remembered that if inhalers do not help eliminate asthmatic symptoms, then you need to adjust with your doctor. You may have to choose another drug. You can also add therapy folk remedies described.

It implies the inclusion of an increasing number of drugs in the treatment, depending on the severity of the disease. A significant part of the drugs is injected directly into the respiratory tract using inhalers. About what inhalers can be prescribed for bronchial asthma, and will be discussed in the article. We also provide a table trade names and approximate prices for these medicines.

In the treatment of asthma, two fundamentally different directions are used: basic and symptomatic therapy. have an anti-inflammatory effect and are designed to stabilize the course of the disease. With the right selection, you can get rid of seizures or reduce their number.

If basic therapy is not effective enough, attacks of suffocation appear or. In these cases, drugs that expand the bronchi come to the rescue. They have no therapeutic effect, but they quickly alleviate the manifestations of an attack.

Inhalers used in the basic therapy of asthma

The metered-dose aerosol inhaler is the simplest device.

For regular use, your doctor may prescribe one or more of the following:

• inhaled glucocorticoids (IGCS);
• cromones;
• combined means, including several components at once.

Another group of drugs for basic therapy - leukotriene receptor antagonists - is available in the form of tablets for oral administration.

Inhaled glucocorticoids - inhalers for bronchial asthma

This is the basis of basic therapy. In most cases, regular use of these drugs for asthma is indispensable.

One of the following IGCS is assigned:

Depending on the dosage form the drug is administered in the form of an aerosol, with the help (suspension or solution) or special devices (powder).

Cromons

These drugs are safer than ICS. Therefore, they are often used for treatment. However, their main effect is anti-allergic, anti-inflammatory properties are less pronounced.

Aerosols for relieving an asthma attack

To quickly stop what has arisen, each patient with this disease should always have one of the drugs listed below with him.

Combined inhalers for bronchial asthma

For more convenient treatment of asthma, multicomponent preparations have been created. They contain complexes for basic therapy, for relief of symptoms, and sometimes both groups of drugs at the same time.

According to these tables, you can select analogues of prescribed drugs and check with your doctor about their effectiveness and safety. Not always good means for asthma are given free of charge, so the price / quality ratio is of particular importance. Do not buy these drugs without a doctor's prescription - in this case, they can be deadly.