L-Threonine Threonine - Daily Value. Deficiency of L-Threonine Threonine. What is threonine L threonine instructions for use

He dictates his own rules. People are increasingly resorting to diet correction and, of course, sports, which is understandable. Indeed, in the conditions of large cities it is very difficult to provide yourself with the necessary level of physical activity. In an effort to health, many additionally introduce sources of amino acids (AA), in particular threonine, into the menu.

Description of the amino acid

Threonine has been known since 1935. The pioneer was the American biochemist William Rose. It was he who created the structural characteristics of the monoaminocarboxylic amino acid and proved its indispensability for human immunity. Threonine is present in the muscles of the heart, skeletal muscles and the central nervous system. At the same time, it is not produced by the body and comes exclusively with food (- Wikipedia).

There are 4 threonine isomers: L and D-threonine, L and D-allotreonine. The most important is the first one. It promotes the synthesis of proteins, is an integral part of elastin and collagen. Needed for the process of formation and further preservation of tooth enamel. The best digestibility of this isomer is observed in the presence of nicotinic acid () and pyridoxine (). For proper absorption, the proper level of magnesium in the body is required.

Note! Known genetic diseases caused by the body's immunity to threonine. In such cases, it is necessary to ensure the intake of drugs containing glycine and serine.

Threonine: benefits and properties

This amino acid is necessary at any age. It ensures the correct functioning of the physiological systems of the body. Toddlers and teens need AK to grow. With its regular intake, normal development is ensured. One of the most important functions is the synthesis of antibodies to provide immunity.

In the adult body, the amino acid has a positive effect on the gastrointestinal tract and helps to heal peptic ulcer( on English language- scientific journal Gastroenterology, 1982). Moreover, reacting with methionine and aspartic (aminosuccinic) acid, promotes the breakdown of fats in the human liver, improves absorption dietary protein. It has a lipotropic effect. For therapeutic purposes, this AK activates muscle tone, heals wounds and postoperative scars, affecting the exchange of collagen and elastin.

Note! Threonine deficiency causes growth retardation and weight loss (- scientific journal Experimental and Clinical Gastroenterology, 2012).

The main functions of threonine:

maintaining the correct action of the central nervous system, immune and cardiovascular systems;
presence in proteins and enzymes;
ensuring growth;
assistance in the assimilation of other useful elements;
normalization of hepatic function;
muscle strengthening.

Sources of Threonine

The record holder for the content of threonine is protein food:

meat;
eggs;
dairy products;
fatty fish and other seafood.

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Herbal AK Suppliers:

cereals;
seeds;
mushrooms;
nuts;
leafy greens.

The above products, as a rule, are always available, therefore they must be constantly present in the diet.

Daily rate of threonine

The daily requirement of an adult human body for threonine is 0.5 g. For a child, it is more - 3 g. Only a varied diet can provide such a dose.

The daily menu should include eggs (3.6 g) and meat (about 1.5 g of amino acid per 100 g of product). Plant sources are characterized by a lower content of AA.

Deficiency and excess of threonine: dangerous violations of harmony

If the level of threonine is exceeded, the body begins to accumulate uric acid. Its excessive concentration leads to dysfunctions of the kidneys, liver and increased acidity of the stomach. Therefore, the content of AA should be clearly controlled, avoiding oversaturation with it.

Amino acid deficiency is rare. It is noted due to malnutrition and mental disorders.

Symptoms of threonine deficiency are:

decreased concentration, loss of consciousness;
depressive state;
rapid weight loss, dystrophy;
muscle weakness;
retardation of development and growth (in children);
poor condition of the skin, teeth, nails and hair.

Interaction with other elements

Aspartic acid and methionine combine perfectly with threonine. Complete absorption of the amino acid is provided by the presence of pyridoxine (B6), nicotinic acid (B3) and magnesium.

Threonine and sports nutrition

The amino acid is invaluable in the context of sports nutrition. Threonine helps build and strengthen muscle mass. Helps to withstand increased loads and quickly recover from them. AK is indispensable for weightlifters, runners, swimmers. Therefore, constant monitoring and timely correction of amino acid levels are important factors in sports success.

Note! Threonine provides stimulation of brain function. It also facilitates the manifestations of toxicosis of pregnant women.

Health and beauty

Physical health and external attractiveness without threonine are impossible by definition. It maintains excellent condition of teeth, nails, hair and skin. Protects skin from drying out. Thanks to the synthesis of elastin and collagen, it helps to delay the appearance of wrinkles.

Threonine is declared as a cosmetic component of many famous trademarks. At the same time, it must be remembered that a brilliant appearance and good health require comprehensive support.

Professional creams, serums and tonics, along with a balanced diet, will help you achieve stunning results.

Excipients: low molecular weight polyvinylpyrrolidone () 4 mg, citric acid monohydrate 6.83 mg, magnesium stearate 1.17 mg.

30 pcs. - cellular contour packings (1) - packs of cardboard.

pharmachologic effect

Biotredin is a regulator of tissue metabolism, increases mental performance, has a therapeutic effect in alcohol withdrawal states, and reduces craving for alcohol.

L-threonine in the presence of pyridoxine (B 6) decomposes into the amino acid glycine and acetaldehyde, which stimulate the processes of inhibition and at the same time redox reactions, respiration processes and the synthesis of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) in cells, due to which the drug is able to:

- reduce psycho-emotional stress;

- improve short-term and long-term memory;

- increase mental performance;

- increase and normalize the level of endogenous acetaldehyde and, thereby, reduce the phenomenon of alcohol withdrawal syndrome and craving for alcohol.

The action of Biotredin appears 10-20 minutes after taking it under the tongue.

Pharmacokinetics

L-threonine and pyridoxine are completely metabolized to end products. They do not accumulate in the body.

Indications

- children, adolescents and adults with a decrease in mental performance and concentration;

- persons who abuse alcohol, chronic patients with the actualization of a pathological craving for alcohol, combined with affective (irritability, low mood, internal discomfort), sensory (hunger) and ideational (thoughts about alcohol) disorders, with alcohol withdrawal syndrome, as well as for maintaining remissions.

Contraindications

- alcohol intoxication;

— simultaneous reception medicines depressing the central nervous system (anxiolytics, antipsychotics (neuroleptics), antidepressants, etc.);

— hypersensitivity to vitamin B6.

Dosage

The drug is prescribed in tablets under the tongue or as a powder after crushing the tablet.

As means of increasing attention, mental performance: children, teenagers and adults 1 tab. 2-3 times / day for 3-10 days. If necessary, the course is repeated 3-4 times or more a year.

Patients with chronic alcoholism and alcohol abusers appoint 1-3 tab. at the reception 2-3 times / day for 4-5 days. If necessary, courses are repeated 5-10 times a year.

At treatment of alcohol withdrawal syndrome appoint on the first day 1-4 tab. 3-4 times / day (daily dose 3-16 tablets), on the second day and then 1-2 tablets. at the reception 2-3 times / day (daily dose 3-6 tablets) for 21-28 days.

The duration of the course can be shortened to 10-14 days.

The greatest effect of Biotredin is achieved when combined with the drug (tab. 100 mg). Glycine is taken under the tongue 10-15 minutes before taking Biotredin.

IN remission period to detect hidden craving for alcohol take 2-3 tab. Biotredin on an empty stomach. The appearance within 10-20 minutes of a light, calming effect, reddening of the face, sweating indicates the presence of a "hidden craving". In these cases, a 5-10 day course of Biotredin is recommended, 1-2 tablets. 2-3 times / day together with Glycine 100 mg under the tongue 10-15 minutes before taking Biotredin.

Side effects

Perhaps: dizziness, increased sweating, allergic reactions with intolerance to vitamin B 6.

The amino acid threonine is one of the essential amino acids, that is, it is not synthesized. human body and participates in the construction of muscle protein and maintains the desired protein balance in the body. Threonine improves the condition of cardio-vascular system, liver and immune system. Also amino acid threonine participates in the synthesis of glycine and serine. These amino acids allow you to strengthen the ligaments and all muscles, including the heart.

In addition, threonine makes bones less fragile and, along with the amino acid methionine, improves the breakdown of fats and fatty acids. Threonine enters our body only from the outside. Therefore, it is very important to ensure that this in abundance comes to us.

Amino acid in food

Among the products with the highest content threonine can be called:

pink salmon;
mozzarella;
legumes;
salmon.

If you approach strictly, then essential amino acids, including threonine, can be obtained from almost all products. The most important thing in this case is a varied diet, that is, not only.

The value of threonine in the human body

Role threonine and the body is very close to the role of methionine. It is the basis for the synthesis of glycine and serine, antibodies, collagen, elastin and tooth enamel proteins. Experts suggest that the amino acid threonine reduces wheat gluten intolerance. It is reliably known that threonine has an antidepressant effect on the body and regulates the transmission of nerve impulses to the brain.

When using special additives containing threonine, be sure to use vitamins B3 and B6, as well as magnesium. Threonine deficiency is observed mainly in vegetarians.

Besides threonine supports the normal functioning of the digestive tract and takes an active part in the processes of digestion and absorption of nutrients. It is important to note that with a lack of another amino acid - choline - the functions of threonine become more important.

Also threonine in the human body participates in the process of neutralizing toxins and, together with other amino acids - cysteine, alanine, lysine and aspartic acid strengthens the immune system. Additional intake of threonine has an effect on the weakening of muscle tone.

Threonine is essential amino acid, as mentioned above, which is why it is very important to provide the required amount in food. And especially in this context, it is worth noting vegetarians, who with great difficulty replace meat products and the amino acids contained in them, including products of plant origin.

Threonine is an important amino acid. It enters the body with food - legumes, fermented milk products, brewer's yeast, chicken eggs, meat and fish. With a lack of a substance, it is obtained with food additives.

Threonine is an important amino acid, with a lack of a substance, it is obtained with food additives.

Role in the body

The amino acid has the following pharmacological actions:

Participates in the formation of protein compounds. It is especially necessary for building tooth enamel, collagen and elastin fibers.
Promotes the breakdown of fats. With a lack of this substance, the deposition of fat in the liver is observed.
Normalizes blood glucose levels. In the liver, the amino acid is converted to glucose. This process is called gluconeogenesis.
Promotes tissue repair after injury. The level of the substance in the blood of patients with fractures, wounds and burns is several times higher than the norm. Taking threonine preparations helps speed up the healing process.
Relieves muscle spasms. Numerous studies have confirmed that the substance improves the condition of the patient with multiple sclerosis.

Pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics

Threonine preparations are necessary for the construction of protein structures. The human body requires at least 3 g of this amino acid. Upon entering the intestine, the active substance is rapidly absorbed and excreted by the kidneys in the form of metabolites.

Indications for the use of threonine

L-threonine preparations are used:

if necessary, full or partial intravenous administration nutrients;
to prevent the loss of protein components;
with injuries, fractures and burns;
with general blood poisoning;
in the prevention of dysfunction of internal organs;
as part of the complex treatment of hepatic, renal and heart failure;
to speed up the recovery process after major operations;
with inflammatory changes in the intestinal mucosa;
for the treatment of depletion of the body;
with a decrease in intellectual abilities and a deterioration in concentration with a lack of oxygen and nutrients;
during active bone growth;

Essential amino acids. Threonine

Vegetarianism - harm or benefit: Threonine

Threonine for alcoholism

The active additive is effective in the treatment of alcoholism. It reduces cravings for ethyl alcohol, prolongs the period of refusal to drink in drunken alcoholics, reduces the severity of the withdrawal syndrome. Regular intake helps to avoid the destruction of liver cells and the development of cirrhosis.

Contraindications

Threonine preparations are contraindicated in:

decompensated renal, hepatic and heart failure;
violation of amino acid metabolism;
metabolic acidosis;
early childhood patient (up to 2 years);
severe pathologies of the kidneys, accompanied by a violation of dialysis and hemofiltration;
oncological diseases of the liver.

Side effects of Threonine

The substance is well tolerated by the human body. Sometimes the following side effects may occur:

pain in the middle of the abdomen;
nausea and vomiting;
heartburn;
allergic reactions in the form of skin rashes;
headache;
dizziness;
increased sweating;
stomach upset.

Overdose

There have been no reports of overdose. With prolonged consumption of high doses of drugs containing amino acids, digestive problems may occur.

Features of use

The dosage depends on the individual characteristics of the patient, the scope of application and dosage form drug. Tablets are placed under the tongue, solutions and emulsions are administered intravenously through droppers. The rate of administration is selected individually.

For children

For children, d-threonine preparations are prescribed for high physical and mental stress. Children under 8 years old take the drug 1 time per day, patients 8-14 years old - 2 times, adolescents 14-18 years old - 3 times a day. Therapeutic course - 2 weeks. With caution, drugs are prescribed to children with genetic pathologies, diabetes Type 1, phenylketonuria. Treatment with the drug is combined with constant monitoring of blood sugar levels, changing the dosages of insulin and hypoglycemic agents.

For adults

To improve performance, threonine preparations are taken 3 times a day for 12 days. In the complex treatment of alcoholism, tablets are prescribed 2 times a day. Therapeutic course - 2 weeks.
Where is it contained?

Preparations analogues

Aminoven Infant (solution for intravenous administration);

Aminosol-Neo (10% solution for infusion);

Biotredin (tablets for sublingual use);

Gepasol-Neo (8% solution for intravenous administration);

Kabiven (emulsion for administration via droppers)

Ketoaminol (film-coated tablets);

Ketosteril (tablets);

Moriamin Forte (capsules).

Products containing threonine

Amino acids are found in the following foods:

quail and chicken eggs;

grouse meat;

veal;

lamb;

turkeys;

Chicken;

mushrooms;

sea fish;

wheat bran;

cheese.

Threonine in sports nutrition

Amino acids play an important role in sports nutrition. It stimulates the growth and development of muscle tissue, strengthens skeletal muscles, increases the body's endurance during training. When taking threonine preparations, a person quickly recovers from injuries sustained during sports. The substance is necessary for people involved in weightlifting, swimming, running, bodybuilding.

Interaction with other substances

Threonine preparations can be taken in combination with methionine and aspartic acid. The effectiveness of the substance increases when it is used together with vitamin B3 and nutritional supplements containing magnesium. Information about interactions with others medicines not received.

Threonine(2-amino-3-hydroxybutanoic acid L-Threonine) is one of the essential amino acids involved in the natural synthesis of proteins and enzymes. It performs a number of significant biological functions and helps to stay in good mood and healthy. And also threonine is used in the production of feed for animals, including birds.

In its pure form, threonine is a white crystalline powder.

Since threonine is an essential amino acid and cannot be produced by the body on its own, its intake must be ensured through food and biologically. active additives. It is also worth taking into account information about the daily requirement of the body for threonine.

Daily requirement of the body for threonine

According to the established norms, the daily requirement of the body for threonine for an adult is 0.5 grams. As for the growing organism, it especially needs building material than formed, therefore, for children, the body's daily need for threonine will be 3 grams.

It is worth paying attention to the fact that with a lack or excess of L-threonine, there can be unpleasant consequences.

The consequences of a lack of threonine in the body

The lack of threonine in the human body can be manifested by such symptoms as: muscle weakness, impaired concentration, loss of muscle mass, growth and developmental delay, mental disorder (depression). And also its lack negatively affects the condition of the skin, hair, nails and teeth. But, as a rule, a person receives a sufficient amount of threonine with food, therefore, subject to full and balanced nutrition deficiency states are extremely rare.

Consequences of excess threonine in the body

Excess threonine is manifested by increased accumulation of uric acid in the human body. As a result, you should not allow an excess of threonine in the body, there must be a balance in everything, which will help you only benefit from its use, without any undesirable consequences affecting your overall health.

Useful properties of threonine

Threonine is one of the most important amino acids that supports normal protein metabolism in the body, immune functions, cardiac activity, the central nervous system, and also prevents the deposition of fats in the liver. Threonine has a positive effect on the gastrointestinal tract, speeds up metabolism, which helps to keep the figure in good shape, improves mood, stimulates brain activity and significantly reduces the symptoms of toxicosis in pregnant women.

The body uses L-threonine to synthesize the amino acids serine and glycine, which are needed to build elastin, collagen and muscle tissue, which is also important for athletes. The amino acid threonine forms strong tooth enamel, gives the skin beauty and health, strengthens ligaments and muscles, including those of the heart. And in order to protect the myocardial muscles from early wear and tear, and to endow the skeletal muscles with high-quality protein, threonine should be used along with aspartic acid and methionine. The trace element magnesium and vitamins B3 and B6 also enhance the activity of this amino acid.

Threonine is effectively used in complex therapy alcoholism and drug addiction, as it tends to reduce cravings for bad habits. It is no less actively used for protein starvation, malnutrition or obesity, anemia, infectious diseases, the treatment of nervous disorders, depression, some types of sclerosis, during the recovery period after severe injuries and fractures.

Apart from useful properties threonine has contraindications and harm, and this applies to various medications or special additives (BAA) based on it.

Contraindications and harm of threonine

As in the case of other amino acids, threonine in the form of dietary supplements and pharmacological preparations should not be used without the supervision of a specialist. This is especially true for pregnant and lactating women. You need to know that threonine is safe in certain doses, which are selected individually for each.

A contraindication for the use of threonine is individual intolerance, its simultaneous use with antidepressants or alcohol.

Some people report indigestion, headache, nausea, allergic reactions in the form of a skin rash after taking L-threonine.

Regardless of contraindications and possible harm from taking threonine, each of us should know which foods contain this amino acid.

Foods rich in threonine

Products that are rich in threonine include black grouse, lamb, horse meat, beef, chicken, and turkey. A significant amount of it is found in chicken and quail eggs, cheese, sea fish, mushrooms. It is also present in cereals and cereals.