How to make a spiral staircase at home. How to build a spiral staircase - a device of a spiral structure between the floors of the house. Elements of a spiral staircase

The staircase in a private low-rise building carries a load not only functional - it should be beautiful and easy to use. Even for a one-story house, you need to equip some kind of lifting device, and for a two- or three-story house, the calculation of a spiral staircase or a staircase of another design is vital. Screw (spiral) structures ladder structures have the main advantage - they take up little space. There will be as much space for climbing on such a device as when using conventional marching or other spatial structures, and if the house is wooden, then a wooden staircase will perfectly complement the design elements of the premises, without ceasing to meet safety requirements.

How to choose the shape of a spiral staircase

The classic version of the product of a spiral design provides for the emphasis of the steps on the wall on the one hand, and their fastening to the supporting column on the other. The characteristic and main distinguishing feature of screw products is a separate stone, concrete or brick column. The building material for this option is concrete or natural stone, sometimes wood or metal, even less often a combination of all these materials with the inclusion of glass and plastic. A classic staircase is built immediately, during the construction of the house, since the steps must be immured into the wall, and the supporting column - into the base of the floor.

The correct choice of model is based on knowledge of the structures, types, functionality and design of staircase products. The main classification is based on the following features:

1. building materials;
2. Design - in form (spiral), in style (hi-tech, classic), in design features (modular);
3. The shape of the stairs;
4. Place of operation;
5. railing design;
6. Dimensions and design dimensions of the product.

Functional purpose:

1. Stairs to enter the house or premises;
2. interfloor structures;
3. Auxiliary (for utility rooms);
4. Basement entrance;
5. Entrance to the attic or attic.

The most common solutions for staircases:

1. Direct marching, rotary (spiral) models made of wood or metal with the possible inclusion of plastic and glass;
2. Products are modular or from prefabricated elements;
3. Products designed on bolts, stringers or brackets;
4. Stairs that transform into other household structures, portable models;
5. External and internal ladder models;
6. Wall or individual products;
7. Stairs with steps of closed or open design;
8. Models with railings and without railings.

Independently make spiral staircases with your own hands, the drawings of which can be found in the public domain, it is possible with the skillful use of tools, diagrams and knowledge of the basics of working with wood and metal - any staircase should not only be beautiful and comfortable, but also safe, especially if in the house old people and children live.

Wooden stairs with marches

Marching rise is the simplest design that you can do yourself. For such a staircase, they most often develop their own drawing, which details all the dimensions of two or more marches, which are separated by steps or turning surfaces.

Important! Any staircase options are complex engineering structures, the implementation of which requires accuracy in calculations and reliability of building materials. Stair calculations can be done online or on your own, but it is better to use the services of specialists.

Calculations and algorithms - an example

The first step to making a staircase is choosing your design option. A wooden spiral staircase, the drawing of which was developed and compiled by outside experts, requires verification and clarification of the calculation results. Moreover, each specific solution will have its own, individual, construction conditions. So, with the option of a ladder with a side support, it will be necessary to equip a “well”, in the side planes of which the steps will be rigidly embedded. The "well" is a technically complex mechanism, and you can make it yourself, but it is preferable to focus on the option with a carrier beam on the main rod.

As an example, we can provide an independent calculation of a screw model, in which a metal pipe with a wall thickness of 5 mm serves as a support beam, the Ø of the main pipe is 48 cm. The ideal screw design is a regular circle with a diameter equal to the dimensions of the entrance opening to the room. A simple but precise formula for calculating the circumference of a staircase:

L = 2πR x n; or L=2πR x (γ / 360);

• R is the radius of the construction circle;
• R 1 - the inner radius of the stairs (pipe diameter);
• γ - staircase turn, the value reflects the difference in height between the steps of the stairs;
• L is the circumference.

The practical implementation of the model calculated according to this formula showed that comfortable movement along such a staircase would be complicated by tight openings, therefore the radius of movement should be 2R / 3. The final and working formula is:

From the comparative diagram above, it can be seen that the staircase of a spiral design differs from the straight model in a different form of steps, more specific. The console of a spiral product is a petal with a rounded end and with specific characteristics and meanings:

• h is the length of one tread, reflecting the difference between R and R 1. If the length of one step is chosen less than 1 m, then the console can be made of hard rock wood without a frame;
• W 1 - tread width;
• W 2 - step width;
• Α is the angle of turn of the step.

To find out the total number of steps, it is necessary to divide the height of the opening by the rise, the standard and comfortable value of which is taken at 15-30 cm. The angle is calculated by

• α= γ / number of steps;

Having the calculated values ​​​​of the width and angle, you can calculate the maximum width of the tread:

• W 1 \u003d R x sin α

The average width of the tread will be equal to:

• W \u003d R x sin α \u003d (2R x sin α) / 3

Types of spiral staircases

Screw models are not a mandatory solution. It is equipped if there is not enough space in the room for a march structure. The design of such products can be absolutely anything - from classic to modern or high-tech. For example, a wrought iron staircase is suitable for any interior, if individual details and elements are trimmed with wood or stone. Spiral models also work as auxiliary structures - attic, basement, etc.

Disadvantages of spiral spiral structures of internal stairs:

1. It is more difficult to climb on a helical surface than on a marching one - due to the tightness and circular design, there is a danger of injury, especially children and the elderly are at risk;
2. It is inconvenient to raise/lower pieces of furniture and other voluminous things along the screw product;
3. The complex geometry of the steps makes it difficult to quickly move up the steps, since the steps for the left and right foot will have different sizes;

But appearance such a model most often outweighs all its shortcomings - the design looks light and airy, although it is very durable and reliable. Rotary ladder systems are also considered screw, as they have winder steps in the device. Turning stairs are as follows:

1. Curvilinear complex design;
2. Half-turn rotary models;
3. Quarter-turn devices;
4. Curved models.

When assembling and installing the rotary model, it is strengthened along bearing wall, with handrail outside. The disadvantage of such structures is an uncomfortable climb up the stairs.

Features of mounting a spiral staircase

The assembly of spiral staircases is carried out in a certain sequence, the violation of which can weaken the structure:

1. Calculation of parameters for specific operating conditions;
2. Selection of a place for support, installation of a supporting lower flange;
3. Fastening the first step to the floor with entry into the flange;
4. A set of bushings for the support post, fixing the remaining steps;
5. Fastening the entire frame to the wall, or mounting the structure to the ceiling using the top step;
6. Fastening the upper end of the support;
7. Selection of the design and design of railings and other protective elements.

In order to calculate where to install the supporting metal rod, on the second floor, two construction cords are pulled diagonally at the place of installation of the stairs. A plumb line is attached at the intersection of the cords, and the center of the axis is marked on the ground floor, which will be the main axis for the location of the stairs. The pipe for the rod should be ≈ 50 mm in diameter if it is metal. The wooden post should be at least twice as thick.

For safe operation, a screw, attic or attic support is recommended to be poured with concrete - for this, a separate pillow of concrete is equipped. The support can be fixed to concrete with anchor bolts or turboprops through a metal flange with mounting holes.

The steps on the main support are attached to a smaller size. The height of the riser must be equal to the height of the sleeve minus the thickness of the washer, which is inserted between the bushings and the tread. Washers should be metal to minimize their wear during operation.

At will, details from other decorative durable materials - glass, stone, plastic, marble, etc. are inserted into the elements of wooden spiral staircases. The life of the ladder and the degree of its strength depend on the material from which the main bearing rod will be made. Therefore, preference is given to building materials such as asbestos cement, concrete or metal. The steps are fastened in different ways: on asbestos cement or concrete - with bolts or anchors, on metal - by welding or threaded connections. Sometimes a brick, wooden or stone column is used as the main support.

Increasingly, spiral staircases are found in their homes and cottages. This is due to the beautiful appearance of products, a wide variety of designs and the ability to install them in a relatively small area.

A huge role for the safety and aesthetic perception of the product is played by the railing for spiral staircases. The article offers to get acquainted with the types, materials and features of the manufacture of such structures.

The railing on a spiral staircase, as well as on a regular marching staircase, serves to protect a person from falling from the stairs and is a support during ascent and descent.

Railings include:

• Balusters. These are the support posts on which the handrail is attached. Their purpose is to perform a supporting and decorative role;
• Placeholders. Such elements are necessary to fill the gap between the balusters. They serve as a decoration of the structure and increase safety when moving. Such elements are not always used, but, if there are children in the house, fillers are installed without fail;
• handrails. This support element for hands when moving. They are installed on one side or, if necessary, on both sides of a spiral staircase. Handrails are attached to balusters, or directly to the wall, as in the photo.

Types of fence fillers

There are several types of structures to fill the space between racks. You can get acquainted with them from the table:

In addition, the fence can be made by analogy with the bowstrings of a spiral staircase; spiral staircases can be made with a support column without a fence.

Materials for the manufacture of fences

Before you make a railing for a spiral staircase, you should get acquainted with the materials for their manufacture.

Tip: When choosing the design and material for the railing, you should pay attention to their combination with the style of the stairs and the entire interior of the room.

Stair railings can be made of the following materials:

• . The price of such structures is the highest. The fence is difficult to install, which is due to the need to bend the material, which is done only in the factory. It is preferable to use glass for fencing in office premises, for residential buildings in interiors made in high-tech, minimalist styles.

Tip: When ordering glass panels for a spiral staircase fencing from a company, it is necessary to specify the radius of their bending, some organizations cannot fulfill a small radius due to the complexity of the process technology.

• Iron railing for a spiral staircase. In terms of cost, the fence is more economical, and the appearance is practically not inferior to glass. For manufacturing, metal pipes and rods of square and round section are used, bent into the desired ornament. After that, the elements are welded together, the joints are cleaned and painted in the desired color. Metal railings can have a wide variety of shapes and colors, without restrictions in use;
• Of stainless steel. The technology of their manufacture is similar to that of ordinary metal, the difference in appearance after completion of work. Stainless steel looks more presentable and stylish. These railings can be installed wet rooms, on the street. Stainless steel allows you to create original and very beautiful outdoor spiral staircases.
• tree. These are economical and beautiful spiral staircase handrails that can fit perfectly into any interior from classic to high-tech, depending on the finish of the structure.

Tip: When making a wooden fence, you need to choose high-quality wood with minimal moisture. This will prevent cracking and deformation of the structure during operation.

After careful polishing and varnishing of all surfaces, the design will be pleasant to the touch and very beautiful. Wood is always warm, unlike metal.

The manufacture of handrails for a spiral staircase made of wood is especially recommended in rooms where there are children. The designs look very elegant, but they take up quite a lot of space, they are best used in residential buildings and rooms with a large area.

• Stone. This is the most expensive option, it is used very rarely in their homes. Stone is difficult to combine with many interior styles. Such structures are used for the protection of spiral staircases in castles, palaces and similar majestic structures;
• Plastic. It is most often used to imitate materials such as stone or wood. PVC railings have a low cost, long service life, look aesthetically pleasing, and are safe to use.
• Combination of materials. Options can be very different: wood with metal, glass with metal, metal with wood. It is appropriate to use them in different styles from modern and classic to hi-tech (see) and minimalism.

Tip: When using a combination of materials for railings, it is worth paying attention to the quality of the joints during installation. During operation, deformation of different parts may occur due to improper contact of materials with each other.

The most common railing options are metal and wood. Making a handrail for a spiral staircase with your own hands from such materials is quite simple, you just need to have the desire and small skills in construction.

Features of the selection and design of railings

For right choice and the design of the staircase fencing, it is necessary to follow the recommendations of SNiPs and GOSTs, which indicate:

• The height of the railing in your home should not be less than 900 mm;
• The distance between the balusters should be no more than 300 mm;
• All butt seams and joints of elements must be decorated and fastened together with high quality.

Handrails for handrails can be of different shapes: round, square, rectangular, but always comfortable to hold in the hand, without sharp corners, so as not to get hurt when moving up the stairs.

Fencing design

Before you make a handrail for a spiral staircase, you should depict the desired result on a computer or paper. Design sketches are an integral part of creating a stair railing project. They need to indicate all the dimensions of the product.

This will help to complete all the details for the railing correctly or pick them up ready.

With self-manufacturing of railings for stairs, some elements should be purchased ready-made. For example, many will not be able to correctly determine how to bend a handrail for a spiral staircase. Sometimes railings for spiral staircases are purchased in the form of a designer, which is only assembled from a set of parts at the installation site.

When creating a virtual railing model, given that the staircase has already been built and its dimensions are known, three parameters must be defined:

• railing radius;
• Tilt angle;
• Length.

These values ​​are transferred to the virtual model. For this:

• There is a free site, better on the ground;
• The center of the structure is indicated by a peg;
• A circle is drawn using a rope with a nail attached to a peg.
• Radius is the distance between the center of the support and the installation site of the balusters;
• Supports are clogged along the perimeter of the circle, where future railings will be attached. Their height should be approximately 2 meters;
• To increase the rigidity of the layout inside such a “dial”, it is worth installing spacers.

Handrail manufacturing

After preparing the structure, you can make a spiral railing.

Work instructions:

• The first strip of plywood is taken and fixed with screws on the posts. In this case, fasteners are placed from the inside of the structure, crawled out - cut off with a grinder;
• Fasteners should start slightly above floor level and continue with a slope, as on a spiral staircase. It turns out a spiral;
• Carpentry glue is applied to the first strip;
• The second part is attached, and fixed to the first along the entire length with clamps. In this case, each subsequent strip is glued to the previous strip with a ledge;
• Approximately 100 mm should be left for each strip, which will make it easy to extend the railing, usually spiral staircases on stringers consist of 1.5 - 2 turns.

Tip: Do not immediately glue several strips, the glue should dry well. This will have a good effect on uniformity, which will improve the appearance of the railing.

• After installing all the strips, the excess length of the fence is carefully cut off with a grinder;
• The second part of the workpiece is made according to the same principle;
• The accuracy of the fit of the workpieces to the finished ladder is checked;
• Both parts of the blanks are combined;
• The connected ledges are fixed with wood glue and self-tapping screws;
• The resulting workpiece is attached to the top and bottom of the stairs;
• By pulling the workpiece with self-tapping screws in increments of 100 mm to the upper end of the racks, the correct location of the future fence is controlled;
• General fastening is carried out on each vertical rack or baluster;
• The excess parts of the railing are cut off at the edges perpendicular to the floor.

In more detail, the manufacture of a fence for a spiral staircase will tell the video in this article.

Finishing railings in progress

To give the design a beautiful appearance, you must:

• Sand all surfaces;
• Corners are rounded and all irregularities are eliminated;
• The wood dust and wood particles formed during the work are mixed with wood glue and used to fill potays to close the holes;
• After drying, these areas are polished.
• The final processing of the railing with “zero” sandpaper is carried out.
• The design is opened with impregnation and varnish, or painted in your favorite color that matches the interior of the room.

These are just some types of spiral railings, recommendations on how to choose or make a spiral staircase railing and the most common technology for their installation. Showing imagination, you can combine various types, get a work of art, to decorate not only the stairs, but the entire room.

Elegant and graceful metal structures, spiral staircases attract for several reasons. However, their ease of manufacture and relatively low cost successfully complement positive traits stairs. In addition, the compactness with which the structure can be made will allow it to be placed even on the most squeezed area. If there were no spiral staircases in the plans for the construction or re-equipment of a summer house or house, then you should take a closer look at it. It can not only decorate the house, but make it more functional.

Spiral staircase to the second floor, design advantages

The compact design of the spiral staircase will allow you to solve those tasks that were inaccessible to other staircase designs, and in combination with metal, they give an undoubted advantage, namely:

1. Compactness. The spiral staircase has a completely small size thanks to one single support, around which all its structural elements are located. In order to fully use the spiral staircase, you can allocate no more than one and a half square meters of area. This is several times less when compared with traditional designs.

2. Availability. Spiral staircases, the prices for which are determined only by the cost of material and manufacturing in the factory or workshop conditions, are much lower than mid-flight structures, since all structural details can be unified and do not require local adjustment.

3. Ease of installation and manufacture. The principle of manufacturing metal spiral staircases is simple, you just need to have certain basic skills and master an elementary tool in order to make a spiral staircase with your own hands from metal. Drawings and diagrams are also not at all complicated and are easy to understand and read without any preparation.

4. Functionality. A spiral staircase, in addition to being the main means of climbing to the second floor, can be used as an additional way, due to its small size, and can exist along with mid-flight stairs.

However, many also point to some of the disadvantages that a spiral metal staircase has. As a rule, steps become the subjects of attacks - it is not always possible to complete them with sufficient width. Sometimes it can become a source of increased danger, especially when it comes to older people.

Types of metal spiral staircases

Since the ladder can be made in different ways, the characteristics, including dynamic load, the ladder will withstand different. It all depends on the metal from which the structure is made. And, of course, technology. And it can be different:

Of course, this does not mean that the staircase is cast on site, it means the way the structural elements are made. The easiest to install are welded structures, since they are more flexible in choosing both linear parameters and load characteristics, so almost all stairs that are made independently are made by welding.

Design and drawings of spiral staircases

Designing spiral staircases is a rather complicated matter, so you should use ready-made drawings in the manufacture. This is due to the mass of both reference and local data that must be used for the calculation, so the use and adaptation of the finished drawing is ideal. When developing drawings, not only the main indicators associated with the features of the structure are taken into account, such as:

The main indicator that determines the functionality of the structure is the width of the step, therefore, by all standards, it must be at least 35 cm at its widest point. Given the fact that the step in the spiral staircase is not rectangular, but trapezoidal, then the average width in the center of the step is taken to be 20 cm.

Economy spiral staircase in a private house, design and railings

The simplest stairs that you can successfully assemble with your own hands and use both in the country house and in a large cottage are welded simple economy class structures. As a rule, such stairs are assembled around the main pillar, which is rigidly fixed in the stairwell. Such a design is assembled from ready-made elements, and the elements themselves can be prepared and made in convenient conditions, and when installing the structure, it will be enough to assemble them together. We presented several of these structures in the photo.

The simplest option is a prefabricated pole, which is formed as the steps are strengthened, and the design of the railings and power elements is determined by the choice of the owner, here the choice is extremely large. Thus, for very little money and with your own hands, you can make a simple spiral staircase for a summer residence, which, nevertheless, will meet all the parameters of safety and comfort.

A staircase for a house is not only a way to connect two floors, but also one of the main elements of the interior. To date, there are a large number of different designs of home stairs, which differ in their size, design, ease of use, as well as the complexity and cost of manufacturing. Spiral staircases are one of the most popular because they have a number of significant advantages. Let's look at what are the main features of this design.

Advantages of a spiral staircase

The main advantage of a spiral staircase is compactness. In order to connect two tiers in a room with a height of 2.5-3 meters and at the same time provide an acceptable angle of inclination and height of steps, you will need a flight staircase several meters long, which will take up a significant part of the room and significantly reduce usable space. This option is absolutely not suitable in cases where the room is initially small. In this case, a spiral staircase is the best option. It occupies no more than two square meters, while you can make the desired slope and height of the steps, making the design convenient and safe.

Another advantage of this design is its low cost. A spiral staircase will take much less materials than a marching staircase, so if you do all the work yourself, you can save money.

In addition, the spiral staircase has an original appearance, so, in addition to its intended purpose, it will become the main decoration of your home. A well-crafted staircase can be a real work of art that will add personality to the interior and delight your guests.

Disadvantages of a spiral staircase

The main disadvantage is that spiral staircases are less convenient to use than conventional flights of stairs. On such a staircase it will be problematic to bring heavy furniture, a wardrobe or a sofa to the second floor. In addition, it is much more difficult to go down and up in a spiral than in a straight line, so if the structure will be used as the main staircase, you need to think about its ergonomics, carefully consider the width and number of steps, and take care of comfortable and reliable railings.

Main types of construction

Depending on the location of the spiral staircase, it can be attached to the wall or mounted on a vertical post. The first type of stairs, as a rule, has a polygonal shape that repeats the configuration of the walls of the room. One edge of the steps is attached directly to the wall. Between themselves, the steps are connected with the help of a straight or spiral bowstring, they can also lie on stringers or hold on to the bolts. Such a staircase can be made without additional supports, while the railing is part of the supporting structure, giving it rigidity.

A spiral staircase, the steps of which are attached to a vertical rack and arranged radially, usually has a round shape. The steps are connected to each other with the help of bolts or a spiral bowstring, while the railing also takes on part of the load, giving additional strength to the entire structure.

Basic materials for the manufacture of stairs

The steps of spiral staircases are most often made of hardwood: oak, beech or maple. Plastic, metal or tempered glass of increased strength can also be used. Outdoor stairs sometimes use marble, ceramics or artificial granite. Railings and bowstrings are made of glued wood or metal.

If you are planning to do do-it-yourself spiral staircase around a horizontal support, then the central post can be made of wood, stone or metal. In this case, the most profitable option- use a finished steel pipe, since it is highly durable and allows you to simply attach steps to it.

How to make a spiral staircase with your own hands

To make a spiral staircase yourself, you need to make accurate calculations.

The optimal width of the spiral staircase is 0.8-0.9 meters. Suppose we need to construct a staircase 0.85 meters wide and 2.7 meters high with a central metal post with a diameter of 0.2 meters. First of all, we determine the total diameter of the future structure, which will be equal to twice the width of the stairs and the thickness of the support post. In our case, this is 0.85 x 2 + 0.2 = 1.9 meters. We inscribe another circle in the resulting circle. A person going up the stairs will move along it. The radius of this circle R1 will be equal to the sum of half the width of the steps and the radius r of the central post: 0.85/2+0.2/2= 0.475 m.

The most optimal width of the steps is 30-35 cm, but in this case it will increase with distance from the center of the stairs. For our spiral staircase, we use an average step width of 20cm. To determine the number of steps per one turn of the stairs, we divide the length of the inscribed circle (the trajectory of a person's movement along the stairs) by the width of the step. 2 x 3.14 x 0.475/ 0.20= 14.9. We round the resulting value to integers, we get 15 steps.

We divide the circle into 15 equal parts using radial lines. In order for a person to be comfortable climbing stairs, the first step of the turn should be higher than the last one. human height, while it is necessary to take into account the thickness of the steps and make a small margin of 10-15 centimeters. With an average height of 1.85m, a step thickness of 0.04m and a height margin of 0.15m, the height of one turn will be 2.05m. Now we divide the resulting value by the number of steps. The height of each step is 2.05/15= 13.67cm.

The total number of steps is determined by dividing the height of the stairs by the height of one step. For our case it is 2.7/0.1367= 19.7. In order to determine the final step height, we round the resulting value to 20 and again divide the height of the stairs by it: 2.7/20 = 0.137. The final step height is 13.7 cm.

Spiral staircase with your own hands. Manufacture of steps and railings

Steps for a spiral staircase can be made of durable wood, such as beech or oak. The easiest way is to take ready-made steps rectangular shape, make blanks of the configuration you need from them. Two typical sizes of 40mm thick wooden steps are currently available on the market: 40x80cm and 30x110cm. Each such step can be sawn diagonally, obtaining two trapezoidal blanks with a width of 300mm from one edge and 90mm from the other edge. After that, the blanks can be given the appropriate shape and round the edges. All edges are processed with a grinder or by hand with ordinary sandpaper. Finished steps can be painted or varnished. Special bushings are attached to the steps, through which they will be connected to the central rack.

Railing balusters are made from wooden or metal rods, the railings themselves are usually made from glued laminated timber or plastic. The railing may consist of several straight bars or have a curvilinear shape. The second option looks much more impressive, but it is quite difficult to implement.

Ladder assembly

First, steps are strung on the rack, after which it is installed in a pre-prepared place and attached to the floor and ceiling. Consider in advance the method of attaching the rack and take care of its reliability. The steps should overlap each other by 5-6cm. They are located in the desired position and are fixed with the help of bolts. Then balusters are screwed to the wide side of the steps, and railings are attached to them in turn. The baluster of the first step is made longer and attached to the floor. This will provide the structure with greater structural strength.

Making a spiral staircase do-it-yourself is a rather complicated process that requires a lot of attention and accurate calculations, so before you start work, carefully study the basic principles for creating such structures, and also think carefully about each of its elements.

The spiral staircase is universal structure that connects the floors. Main advantage of this type of structures lies in their compactness, as well as simple installation, which is within the power of practically to each.

The construction of any kind of stairs involves compliance existing standards, which ultimately help to obtain a durable and, most importantly, safe design.

In the future staircase, the number of steps will be directly associated with her design features. Therefore, you should define the vertical elements, which include the values ​​of the risers: width, height And length.

To find out the height of a structure, need to measure the distance from the lower and upper floors. When measuring necessary remember that the thickness between two floors (slabs) is also included in the value.

That is, if from floor to ceiling is 3.0 m, and the thickness of the ceiling is 30 cm, then to find out the height of the stairs, you need to sum up the two indicators, and it turns out 330 cm. All other calculations will oriented to the height of the steps.

Recommend choose a height in the range from 15 cm to 20 cm, as a person will comfortable move up this ladder. To determine the number of steps need to divide the first value obtained by the second: 330:15=22 steps.

Determine the tread

Years of practice shows that minimum width tread (in its middle part), convenient for moving up the stairs, equals 22 cm, and the maximum value should not exceed 40 cm.

Otherwise, the person will knock down the step, and this will become cause fatigue. And the design itself will take a lot of places due to their bulkiness.

Calculate the angle of twist

This value is determined experimental way. For this need to measure the distance from the start and end point. The optimal turning angle is 360°.

Attention! The angle of twist must be smooth convenient and save space.

Manufacturing steps

Proceed with the installation of a spiral staircase should be only after completed all necessary calculations. This stage of work is considered the most simple because it does not require special skills or special equipment.

The fabrication of the structure consists of the following mandatory stages.

Support installation

The bearing part of the ladder must be located strictly vertical, therefore, for accuracy, you should use a level or plumb line. Desirable use a metal pipe with thick walls. This will give additional strength to the structure. special bushings equal in vertical height.

To prevent deformation of wooden products, horizontal parts and bushings paving with washers.

Tips for mounting steps:

• when calculating the size need to add the dimensions of the washers used, because otherwise the height of the structure will be significantly higher than the preliminary data;
• to give strength to the structure recommended lay steps with a slight overlap and fasten with brackets;
• you should start mounting from the bottom step, placing the steps counterclock-wise in a spiral.

Upper step fixing

final the installation stage is the fastening of the upper stage of the structure to the ceiling. For this use steel lining. If the floors in the room reinforced concrete, the upper step is attached with dowels.

If desired, only handrails will remain, which help purchase designs additional rigidity.

Spiral wooden staircase- This is an easy-to-install design, which every person can make. Important follow several compulsory tips to help design and install the structure.

How to build a screw wooden stairs see below for your own video instructions: