Examples of sbp. Unionless proposals, examples. Non-union sentence with a comma. Complex sentences

This article talks about what types of complex non-union sentences exist. Corresponding examples are given for each of these species. For...

Unionless sentences in Russian: types, rules, punctuation marks, examples

By Masterweb

Compound sentences in Russian are divided into several subgroups: compound, compound and non-union. It is about non-union proposals that will be discussed in this article. If with the first two categories of sentences, as a rule, everything is very clear, and it is not difficult to determine the type of any of them, if you pay attention to the conjunction used and the semantic relationships between simple sentences, then the last category is considered less obvious and simple.

To begin with, it should be noted that non-union sentences are not simple: they always consist of two or more sentences, interconnected in meaning in different ways. It is from these methods that the type of the desired complex sentence depends.

Enumeration

A non-union complex sentence with the meaning of enumeration consists of several simple sentences, between which enumerative intonation can be traced. All semantic parts of the sentence refer to one subject of discussion; perhaps describe it from different aspects or list some of its properties; however, the proposals do not depend on each other in any way, being in completely equal relations. Here are some examples of this type of non-union proposal:

• The rain did not stop for the fourth day, the streets were flooded to the very edges of the high white curbs, there was no end in sight to the clouds covering the sky.
• It was a warm summer evening, a pleasant breeze was blowing, and I wanted to take a walk with someone along the embankment.
• Loaders carried old furniture out of the house, the owners themselves tore off the wallpaper; an insolent red cat with a pleasant sense of his own nobility helped the process, sharpening his claws on a shabby sofa with a protruding spring.

In all three sentences, with the help of enumerative intonation, quite definite objects or phenomena are described: a prolonged downpour, a warm summer evening and repairs in old apartment. If you pay attention to punctuation marks in non-union sentences of this type, then commas are placed between its semantic components.

However, if one of the simple sentences is complicated introductory words, appeals, homogeneous members, participial or participle turnover (as in the last sentence), in order to avoid piling up of characters and loss of meaning, it is recommended to put a semicolon.

Comparison and contrast

Such non-union complex sentences contain the corresponding intonation of opposition, which is easy to trace on the relevant examples:

• You laugh - I'm not funny.
• You should find a job, find a wife, make kids with her - no, you all drag around your exhibitions, draw, talk about art!
• I asked for their help - none of them even thought to respond!

In sentences of this kind, a dash is put. In some works of art, one can find examples of non-union sentences with the meaning of opposition, written with a comma. Such incidents can be considered a case of author's punctuation.

conditioning

If the first part of the sentence contains a condition, and the second part contains its consequence, it is called a non-union complex sentence with the meaning of conditionality. Here are some examples:

• Try not to come to the meeting tomorrow morning - the boss will not let you live in peace. Starts to harass - you quit yourself. You dare to argue - he will throw it out with a bang and write the most terrible recommendations.
• As soon as I start cooking, something will certainly fall out of my hands, spill out, spill, catch fire, burn and come out terribly salty. And give my girlfriend a corner in the kitchen for half an hour - a culinary masterpiece will be produced, decorated and served on the table.

In sentences of this type, as in the previous case, a dash is put.

Explanation

If the second part of the sentence explains what the first part meant, then the sentence is explanatory. Here are some examples of non-union proposals of this type:

• In my mind, I decided this: I definitely need to come to the meeting, having prepared myself well and maybe even putting on my best suit.
• My disgruntled friend made it very clear, if crudely, that I had to get out of his sight and out of sight for the next few days.
• Over the past few days of our communication, it became extremely clear to me: you should not even think about a happy marriage with this woman, no matter what my caring aunt prophesied.

Only sure sign punctuation in non-union sentences of this type is a colon.

Definition

If the second part of the sentence contains information that serves as a description of the object or phenomenon mentioned in the first part, this is a definitive non-union sentence. On an example, the attributive relations between the simple parts of a complex sentence look like this:

• My friend has always been like this: he cannot remain indifferent to a young beautiful girl, and at the first sign of interest on her part, he completely loses his head.
• These large cities are exactly the same: cars and people rush about like crazy, and no one has time for a calm and quiet walk!

For these non-union sentences, the colon is an essential element that cannot be replaced by a comma, even justified by the author's punctuation.

Causal relationship

One simple sentence within a complex one can be the cause or effect of another. For example, in these sentences:

• The house was completely empty: both the owners and their guests, and even the servants, had left.
• The bus was hot, cramped and uncomfortable: everyone wanted to get home as soon as possible, and the transport could not comfortably accommodate such an influx of passengers.
• The colder it is on the streets, the less cheerful people come across: most people like summer warm weather and T-shirts instead of down jackets.

Punctuation marks in non-union sentences of this type are the same as in the previous two - a colon.

Temporary relationship

Sometimes one simple sentence indicates a time, and the second - an event that happened at that time. Such relationships between sentences are called temporary.

• I was just about to have breakfast - my friends were already returning from an afternoon walk.
• Autumn has come - the forest is orphaned.
• The moon rolled out into the sky - it became cool and uncomfortable on the roof.

In such non-union sentences, the punctuation rules of the Russian language prescribe a dash.

Comparison

Complex sentences can also contain comparative relations between their simple semantic parts. For example:

• The actor began to read a monologue - the thunderous peals of a velvet voice swept through the instantly silent auditorium.
• The sun rose - a round gold coin rolled out onto the blue vault of heaven.
• The car started up - the ferocious engines burst out with a roar of a wild beast.

All three sentences contain a comparison: the actor's voice is compared to thunder, the sun - to a gold coin, the growl of a running car - to the roar of a predator. In sentences of this type, a dash is put.

Abrupt change of events

A rare, but still used in Russian literature, type of non-union sentence: when one part of it contains one event, and the other contains a completely different one, but at the same time being its direct consequence. For example, in the following sentences:

• Suddenly, a downpour began - the travelers took out raincoats and umbrellas.
• Snow fell two days ago - a good dozen snowmen were "sculpted" on the playground.
• Summer has come - people grabbed their suitcases and rushed on vacation.

In sentences of this type, according to the rules of the Russian language, a dash is placed.

Explanation

The first part of sentences containing an explanation usually contains an indication of an event or phenomenon, and the second part contains a description of the event itself.

• A terrible misfortune has happened: your uncle has gone bankrupt.

In this specific example the role of an event or phenomenon is the noun "unhappiness", and the part of the non-union sentence after the colon acts as an explanation for it. By the way, in accordance with the norms of the Russian language, in sentences of this type, semantic parts are always separated from each other by a colon.

Accession

Another very interesting subgroup of non-union proposals. Their first part usually contains an indication of the action associated with perception (the character heard, saw, felt something), and the second - the reason for this action. For example:

• The girl shuddered and turned around - someone loudly called her name.
• The audience listened attentively, with interest and respect - the man spoke from the podium about democracy, human values ​​and moral principles.
• The tourists stopped and listened - some dark figure, resembling a large animal, passed them, hidden from prying eyes by bushes and tree trunks.

In all three examples, as in all sentences with the meaning of attachment, a dash is used.

Complex sentences

Sometimes non-union sentences consist of more than two simple sentences, and it is impossible to attribute them to only one group. Take, for example, the following sentence:

• The children were talking loudly during the performance: the play seemed boring to them, the parents were too busy, the evening as a whole was terribly boring.

First two simple sentences are interconnected by explanatory relations, and all subsequent ones are enumerations. It is precisely such cases that are called in Russian as union-free sentences of complex composition.

Kievyan street, 16 0016 Armenia, Yerevan +374 11 233 255

Punctuation marks in a non-union complex sentence.

In this task it is necessary to distinguish between:

1) a simple sentence with homogeneous members of the sentence and a generalizing word with them;

Clue. If you do not remember how to distinguish a simple sentence from a complex one, look at task A19.

2) punctuation marks in a non-union complex sentence.

Rule.

A generalizing word with homogeneous members of a sentence.

generalizing word- this is a word that is common in relation to homogeneous members of the sentence. Homogeneous members of the sentence clarify, concretize the generalizing word.

The generalizing word can be definitive pronouns and adverbs ( all, always, everywhere, everywhere), as well as other members of the sentence and whole phrases.

Generalizing words are the same member of the sentence as homogeneous members.

Depending on the position, there are three types of structures (with examples):

Associative compound sentence.

Parts of an asyndetic complex sentence are connected only with the help of intonation. UNION between grammatical bases NO.

1. Highlight grammatical foundations.

2. Determine what the punctuation mark separates: a generalizing word and homogeneous members of a sentence or parts of a complex sentence.

3. If the sentence is with a generalizing word, then find out the position of the generalizing word and homogeneous members.

4. If the sentence is complex, try to determine the semantic connection of grammatical foundations by inserting a suitable union in place of the punctuation mark.

5. By union, determine the answer.

Parsing the task.

How do you explain the use of a colon in this sentence?

Closer to sunset, the frost returned stealthily: at night it was still lord.

1) The generalizing word stands before the homogeneous members of the sentence.

2) The second part of the sentence indicates the reason for what is said in the first.

3) The first part of the non-union sentence indicates the condition of what is said in the second part.

Finding the grammatical basis: the frost was returning And he was the lord. The colon is between parts of a complex sentence.

Answer option number 1.

This option disappears, since it characterizes the relationship between the generalizing word and the homogeneous members of the sentence.

Answer option number 2.

The meaning of the cause is transmitted through the conjunction Why. Revising the offer:

Closer to sunset, the frost was creeping back , because at night he was still king.

Union really fits.

Answer options #3 and 4.

They characterize a non-union sentence in which a dash is used between grammatical stems.

Thus the correct answer is #2.

Practice.

1. How to explain the use of a colon in this sentence?

The legacy of Marina Tsvetaeva is great: the poetess created seventeen poems, eight poetic dramas, memoirs, historical-literary and philosophical-critical prose.

1) The first part of the non-union complex sentence indicates the condition of what is said in the second part.

2) The second part of the non-union complex sentence explains, reveals the content of the first part.

3) The generalizing word stands before the homogeneous members of the sentence.

2. How to explain the colon in this sentence?

A special stage in the fate of Kazemir Malevich was 1905: on August 5 of this year, he applied for admission to the Moscow School of Painting, Sculpture and Architecture.

1) The second part of the non-union complex sentence indicates the reason for what is said in the first part.

3) The second part of the non-union complex sentence contains an indication of a quick change of events.

4) The first part of the non-union complex sentence indicates the condition of what is said in the second part.

3. How to explain the colon in this sentence?

How to explain the placement of commas and colons in a letter and how to determine their location? Every educated person should know the answers to such questions, which is why so much time is devoted to this topic in the learning process. For the correct placement in the letter of one of the main topics in school curriculum in the Russian language are allied and non-union proposals.

What is a union?

In order to deal with this topic, first you need to familiarize yourself with the definition of such a part of speech as a union. This is a service part used to connect words in separate phrases, as well as several grammatical foundations. The union, like prepositions, does not answer questions, does not indicate an object, its action or sign, and if this part of speech is used to connect words or then it is called allied. If this connection is transmitted only with the help of intonation and meaning, then we have before us non-union proposals. Examples of such semantic dependence can be found in any statement. Both the one and the other connection in the letter is distinguished by certain punctuation marks, depending on the arrangement of the parts of the sentence.

Varieties and classification

By their structure, unions are of several types.

• Compound - consisting of two or more words. For example: because, in order to, because.
• Simple - consisting of one word. For example: a, and, but, however.
• Derivatives - which were formed on the basis of other parts of speech. For example: also, where, which.
• Single or non-recurring unions. They can only be used once in a sentence.
• Paired or double - having pairs. For example: if ... then, because ... how.

It should be noted that the same union in structure can refer to several points at once. For example: "and" - simple, non-derivative and single.

According to the method of connection of parts of a sentence or its homogeneous members, unions are divided into subordinating and coordinating. These two groups, in turn, are divided into several varieties.

• connecting, serving for semantic connection when enumerating (yes, and, not only ... but also others);
• used to contrast the qualities and features of an object;
• dividing - serve solely to dilute the text, breaking a number of enumerations.

The second group is subordinating conjunctions, which are used to connect words and parts of complex sentences.

• Explanatory, explanatory. These include such words: what, so that, as if.
• Adverbial conjunctions linking complex combinations of a sentence indicating place, time, purpose, effect, condition, concession, comparison, and cause. These include such unions: where, from where, so that, as if, although, despite.

What are non-union proposals?

Examples of non-union connection between several in the Russian language are very common. The essence of such combinations lies in its name. In other words, unions in conversation are replaced by intonation, and in writing they are separated by the same punctuation marks as when they are used. It should be noted that a sentence is called complex only if it has several grammatical bases. A non-union clause with a comma looks something like this:

• The sun was setting below the horizon, the wind was picking up.- Such a connection when reading is separated by a pause, and in writing by a comma.

The same sentence can be written using the union:

• The sun was setting below the horizon and the wind picked up.- In this example, the union "and" is used to connect two grammatical bases.

In addition to a comma, parts of sentences can be separated by semicolons and dashes.

Punctuation and communication options in a sentence

How to determine which ones to use when writing them? First you need to figure out what is the semantic connection between all the grammatical foundations, which makes the statement a single whole.

In a conversation, intonation is usually used, which is divided into three types.

• Enumeration. For example: It was raining, the wet asphalt darkened, a delicate aroma emanated from the wet dust.
• Contrasting. For example: There will be rain - there will be mushrooms.
• Explanation. For example: I'm sure you have talent.

It is precisely on the basis of the intonation of the utterance that it is very often easy to determine what exactly the author wants to express, and, accordingly, write down all the words with the correct punctuation marks.

Comma and non-union sentences

Examples of sentences with an allied connection using a comma can be found in almost any text. As already mentioned, this punctuation mark is used in writing complex statements with several grammatical bases that are closely related in meaning and sound like an enumeration. That is, when there is a connecting link between all the bases, where the relationship between them is built in such a way that the union “and” would harmoniously fit between them. Grammatical bases with all parts of speech attached to them in this case are separated by commas in the letter. In a conversation, they are distinguished by intonation with notes of enumeration and pauses.

When to put a semicolon?

As a rule, the object of writing a semicolon is sentences with a non-union connection. This sign is often found in literary works and is used in several cases:

• When there is no close semantic connection between the parts of the sentence. Or they are diluted with a large number of other members with a comma between them.
• In the event that a complex non-union sentence has several groups that are distant from each other in meaning.
• When there is both semantic and allied connection in the sentence. In this case, a semicolon is placed on the border of the parts, and only a comma is placed before the union.

Colon in sentences

Very often, non-union sentences are used to convey the intonation of a statement in writing with a certain dependence of its parts. Examples of the use of a colon in such cases are quite common, and this sign should be put in such cases:

• The second part reveals or explains the meaning of the first, and both one and the other can consist of several grammatical bases. As a rule, it is easy to substitute the union “namely” between them.
• The first part contains a verb that warns of a subsequent description or statement of fact. In this case, the union "what" can be easily inserted between the parts.
• If the second part indicates the reason or reason for the action described in the first component. It is easy to supplement such a connection with the unions “because”, “because”, “because”.
• Where the second part is a direct question.

When to put a dash

The main object of writing a dash are non-union sentences. Examples of its staging in complex sentences show that this sign is used in several cases:

• With the unexpected attachment of the second part to the first, where the dash can be easily replaced by the union "and". In this case, it is very important not to confuse a close semantic connection with an unexpected turn of the statement.
• When one grammatical basis of a complex sentence is opposed to another, where it is easy to substitute the conjunction “but” or “a”.
• If the second part of the sentence is a consequence of the first or a conclusion coming from the first part. Such a connection is easy to verify by substituting the unions "therefore" and "then" into the sentence.
• In the case of indicating the time, condition or comparison of the ongoing event described in the second part of the complex sentence.
• If between the grammatical bases you can put the word "this".

The use makes it possible to convey the semantic and intonational connection in writing. It also allows you to emphasize the dependence of simple grammatical foundations, combined into a complex or complex non-union sentence. It is such signs as a comma, semicolon, dash and colon that allow you to write down and then correctly read the emotions expressed by the author.

A non-union complex sentence (BSP) is a complex sentence, the parts of which are connected intonation without the help of unions and allied words. BSP are often found in fairy tales, in artistic and colloquial speech, among proverbs and sayings.

Associative compound sentences differ from allied ones in that the syntactic connection of parts of a complex sentence is expressed in them without the help of unions and allied words. The syntactic connection is expressed in them intonationally. Intonation also helps determine the meaning of sentences, which can often be defined differently out of context.

In non-union complex sentences, the means of connecting sentences-parts of the BSP are:

• intonation;
• order of arrangement of proposals in the composition of the BSP;
• the ratio of the form and tense of verbs in sentences.

In this way, BSPs differ from compound and complex sentences in which unions play this role.

Non-union sentences can consist of two or more simple or complex sentences, between which, depending on the meaning, a comma, colon, dash or semicolon is placed.

The teacher got sick and the class was postponed.

(sequencing)

The teacher fell ill and classes were postponed.

(explanation)

The teacher fell ill and classes were postponed.

(causal relationship)

It is customary to designate non-union complex sentences as BSP.

Classification of non-union proposals

The most common classification of non-union complex sentences is the classification by meaning.

1. BSP with sequence value:

A strong and sharp wind blew, the sky was covered with clouds.

2. BSP with explanation meaning:

Something incomprehensible happens to me: I worry for no reason.

1. In such sentences, the union can be mentally substituted namely. The second sentence explains the first

3. BSP with complement value:

I entered the house: it was clean and cool.

1. The second sentence complements the first, it contains additional information.

4. BSP with the meaning of reason:

I was offended by him: he was guilty before me.

The second sentence gives the reason for the first. From the first sentence, you can ask why?

5. BSP with condition value:

I want everything to be my way.

The first sentence contains a condition, a union can be substituted If.

6. BSP with the meaning of the consequence:

Passed freezing rain So many trees have been broken.

The second sentence contains a consequence of the events referred to in the first part. Unions can be added to the second sentence as a result or So.

7. BSP with time value:

The rain stopped and the children ran outside.

Union can be substituted into the first sentence When.

8. BSP with match value:

Business time - fun hour.

The union can be substituted into the second sentence A.

Examples of BSP schemes:

[ ... ], [ ... ] - non-union complex sentence, for example:

It got warmer in the evening, / the frogs croaked in the garden.

[ ... ] - [... ] - union-free complex sentence, for example:

I went up to the third floor and went to the door - / suddenly, because of it, a desperate dog barking was heard.

[ ... ] : [ ... ] - non-union complex sentence, for example:

Hearing the noise, I lowered my eyes: / A hedgehog ran right in front of me.

A generalizing word with homogeneous members of a sentence. A generalizing word is a word that is general in relation to homogeneous members of a sentence. Homogeneous members of the sentence clarify, concretize the generalizing word. The generalizing word can be definitive pronouns and adverbs (everything, always, everywhere, everywhere), as well as other members of the sentence and whole phrases. Generalizing words are the same member of the sentence as homogeneous members. Depending on the position, three types of constructions are distinguished (with examples): ... generalizing words (os): Ο, Ο, Ο. Arbuzov liked everything about him: a cheerful character, generosity, refined delicacy. Ο, Ο, Ο - os ... A cheerful character, generosity, refined delicacy - Arbuzov liked everything about him. os: Ο, Ο, Ο - ... Everything: a cheerful character, generosity, refined delicacy - Arbuzov liked him.

Associative compound sentence. Parts of an asyndetic complex sentence are connected only with the help of intonation. UNION between grammatical bases NO. Semicolons, colons, and dashes can be used between parts of a non-union sentence.

The most common classification of non-union complex sentences is the classification by meaning.

BSP with sequence value:

A strong and sharp wind blew, the sky was covered with clouds.

BSP with explanation value:

Something incomprehensible happens to me: I worry for no reason.

In such sentences, the conjunction viz. can be mentally substituted. The second sentence clarifies the first.

BSP with padding value:

I entered the house: it was clean and cool.

The second sentence complements the first, it contains additional information.

BSP with reason value:

I was offended by him: he was guilty before me.

The second sentence gives the reason for the first. From the first sentence, you can ask why?

BSP with condition value:

I want - everything will be in my opinion.

The first sentence contains a condition, the union if can be substituted.

BSP with the meaning of the consequence:

It was freezing rain - so many trees were broken.

The second sentence contains a consequence of the events referred to in the first part. Unions can be added to the second sentence as a result of which or so.

BSP with time value:

The rain stopped - the children ran outside.

The union when can be substituted in the first sentence.

BSP with mapping value:

Business time - fun hour.

The conjunction a can be substituted into the second sentence.

Examples of BSP schemes:

[ ... ], [ ... ] - non-union complex sentence, for example:

It got warmer in the evening, / the frogs croaked in the garden.

[ ... ] - [... ] - non-union complex sentence, for example:

I went up to the third floor and went to the door - / suddenly, because of it, a desperate dog barking was heard.

[ ... ] : [ ... ] - non-union complex sentence, for example:

Hearing the noise, I lowered my eyes: / A hedgehog ran right in front of me.

Exercise.

Closer to sunset, the frost returned stealthily: at night it was still lord.

1) The generalizing word stands before the homogeneous members of the sentence.

2) The second part of the sentence indicates the reason for what is said in the first. 3) The first part of the non-union sentence indicates the condition of what is said in the second part.

We find the grammatical basis: the frost returned and he was the lord. The colon is between parts of a complex sentence. Answer option number 1. This option disappears, since it characterizes the relationship between the generalizing word and the homogeneous members of the sentence. Answer option number 2. The meaning of the reason is conveyed through the union why. Let's remake the sentence: Closer to sunset, the frost crept back, because at night it was still king. Union really fits. Answer options No. 3 and 4. They characterize a non-union sentence in which a dash is used between grammatical bases. So the correct answer is #2.

How do you explain the use of a colon in this sentence?

The legacy of Marina Tsvetaeva is great: the poetess created seventeen poems, eight poetic dramas, memoirs, historical-literary and philosophical-critical prose.

1) The first part of the non-union complex sentence indicates the condition of what is said in the second part.

2) The second part of the non-union complex sentence explains, reveals the content of the first part.

How do you explain the use of a colon in this sentence? A special stage in the fate of Kazemir Malevich was 1905: on August 5 of this year, he applied for admission to the Moscow School of Painting, Sculpture and Architecture.

1) The second part of the non-union complex sentence indicates the reason for what is said in the first part.

3) The second part of the non-union complex sentence contains an indication of a quick change of events.

4) The first part of the non-union complex sentence indicates the condition of what is said in the second part.

How do you explain the use of a colon in this sentence?

In the 20th and 21st centuries, Korean cities built in mountainous areas no longer followed the Chinese pattern: their streets were not straight, and ensembles of palaces and temples, watchtowers and fortifications fit into the surrounding landscape, forming a single whole with it.

1) The second part of the non-union complex sentence explains, reveals the content of the first part.

3) The generalizing word stands before the homogeneous members of the sentence.

4) The first part of the non-union complex sentence indicates the time of doing what is said in the second part.