What mushrooms are now gone in the forests near Moscow. How fast does a mushroom grow? When do mushrooms start growing? How much white mushroom grows. Growth rate in different species

Focus on Serpukhov and Zvenigorod

Cold and rainy. The heat in the suburbs, it seems, will no longer be. You can’t swim and sunbathe, but such an abundance of mushrooms in the Moscow region, as this year, has not been for a long time. How long will this unexpected happiness last, and where is it better for lovers of quiet hunting to go? About this "MK" asked the chief specialist in fungi, candidate of biological sciences, mycologist Mikhail VISHNEVSKY.

Mycologist Mikhail Vishnevsky.

Not that there were more of them than usual, but they all got out at the same time and at an unusual time for them.

- And what's the reason? Is the notorious global warming to blame again?

Yes, now there is no need to talk about the weather norm - every year is anomalous. Therefore, it is impossible to compare year with year, all the time there is an interesting situation of its own.

This summer has seen an unprecedented amount of rainfall, plus temperatures below normal, but don't mushrooms need warmth?

Moisture and heat are needed for the growth of grass, and cooling is required for mushrooms, and the more powerful it is, the more mushrooms will be. But, of course, within reasonable limits, if snow falls and frost hits, nothing good will come of it. A few years ago we already had a summer with snow, but then there were few mushrooms. And now it's happening very interesting phenomenon. Two powerful waves of mushrooms met. The first got a push due to a cold snap that happened 2-3 weeks ago - in early July. Last week, the second wave of temperature drop started, and accordingly, a new wave of mushrooms will start soon, and in a week or two it will merge with the first one. And then we will get a completely mushroom July and another half of August. This is indeed a very rare phenomenon, its uniqueness is that this year mushrooms of all seasons grow almost simultaneously. There is an abundance of both summer and autumn mushrooms in the forests. They went a long way ahead of schedule. Of the autumn - honey mushrooms, talkers, even winter honey agaric comes across, which usually appears no earlier than October.

- How long will this mushroom abundance last?

A very valid question. After such a rapid growth, the mycelium will retire for a long time. Therefore, most likely, there will be no mushrooms at all in the fall.

- That is, in September you can not go to the forest?

I think that it is not worth waiting for new mushrooms before the second half of October - the beginning of November.

- Snow is predicted next week - does this mean that new mushrooms may not appear?

The maximum fruiting occurs three weeks after the cold snap, and, as I said, it began a week ago, so the second wave of mushrooms will begin next week.

- Where would you advise picking mushrooms?

Now a remarkable situation - everywhere everything grows. Collect even in the city, even in the field, even in the forest. There are a lot of mushrooms everywhere: forest, field, edge, city, marsh. A huge harvest of whites, butter, autumn mushrooms come across everywhere and even a lot of mushrooms, oddly enough.

- What's so amazing about that?

Ryzhiki are very sensitive to the purity of the air, they do not like trampling, so you rarely see them in the Moscow region. But this year for them, apparently, there were ideal conditions. Due to heavy rains, the air cleared, and mushrooms climbed. There are also many mushrooms and umbrellas in the forests and fields. And fly agaric is collected in large quantities.

I used to think that whites love dry clearings, but this year the forests are oversaturated with moisture, nevertheless there are a lot of whites - how can I explain this?

If we talk about what certain mushrooms love, then porcini, oily and many other of their brethren are actually attached to their partners - trees, in symbiosis with which they live. This is what determines the location of the mycelium. For example, butterflies should be looked for in pines, and mushrooms in spruce and birch forests. As for dry or wet areas of the soil, it is true that due to heavy rains, mushrooms this year should be looked for where it is drier and lighter, in areas that are better warmed by the sun. Therefore, I do not advise you to climb into the thicket, look for them on the edges, in light forests, on the slopes of hills overgrown with forests. And the best for mushroom hunting are individual clumps of trees growing in the middle of the field, and forest protection belts.

It used to be said that it is dangerous to pick mushrooms on forest edges, if they are adjacent to farmland, since the fields are treated with various harmful chemicals that mushrooms absorb like a sponge.

Now this is no longer so relevant, because the MPC standards have also raised strong toxins in agriculture are no longer used. This applies to both fertilizers and combat chemicals that fight harmful insects. All these drugs have become safer and are used in relatively small concentrations.

- So, you can not believe the horror stories about toxic mushrooms?

If we are talking about the suburbs, then yes. The worst thing that can be found here is salts of heavy metals that settle on mushrooms growing along major highways. They get into them along with precipitation, because they are water-soluble. But as far as mushrooms easily absorb them, they are just as easy to get rid of when boiled. Therefore, you can pick mushrooms even within the boundaries of Moscow, in Bitsa or Losiny Ostrov. Just when you get home, be sure to wash them well, then, even if they are white, no matter how blasphemous it may sound, they must be cut lengthwise and boiled for 10 minutes. Be sure to drain the water. At the same time, 90–95% of salts of heavy metals leave. Mushrooms do not need to be soaked at all.

Cook longer too - otherwise they will lose all their useful properties.

- Advise our readers the most cherished mushroom places in outskirts of Moscow.

This year is good because all places have become mushroom, mushrooms climb even where they have not been seen for many years. But speaking globally, the most mushroom places in the Moscow region are the western direction (from Zvenigorod and further) and the southern direction (Serpukhov and its environs). I wish you all happy hunting!

The 2018 mushroom picker calendar will help you decide when and what mushrooms to pick, when they are just starting to grow, and when they have massive fruiting. From this (and also from the weather and place) it depends on what you will come home from the "quiet hunt". As practice shows, mushrooms grow almost all year round. But not everyone knows about it, and they lose the opportunity to feast on forest mushrooms no matter what time of year it is outside. I think many will agree that the mushroom season can be called the end of summer and all autumn until the first frost. At this time, people collect mushrooms en masse in years when the weather allows it. But some species are not found either in summer or autumn.

What mushrooms grow in spring

A long-term study of the timing of the appearance of conditionally edible and edible mushrooms allows you to see a certain pattern. Morels and lines are the first to appear in the spring forest. They grow from March (in cooler areas from mid-April) until May.

These are the first spring mushrooms. Morels appear in April - May: morels grow in deciduous plantations, on fairly fertile soils, but lines can be found and collected in pine forests, in open areas accessible to solar heat. In the same spring time, small cone-loving strobiliuruses, collibia, very often with long root-like appendages, can develop on cones, as well as twigs in the soil.

Morels grow in spring (some of them grow again in autumn, but this is more an exception than a rule, so such isolated cases are not taken into account). So, in the spring it is quite possible to collect morels, cook something tasty, dry for future use or freeze. In addition to morels, there are other spring representatives (for example, oyster mushrooms), which you can read about on our website and in the mushroom picker's calendar.

After morels and lines, you can collect three crops, which even experienced mushroom pickers call “layers”. These mushrooms are different in composition, as well as in productivity.

What mushrooms grow in summer

The first mushroom layer occurs in June - the period when winter rye is earing in your region. Because of this feature of the period, the mushrooms that appear at this time are called "spikelets". These are noble white, boletus, boletus, boletus, mushrooms. The first harvest of these mushrooms is small and short, always welcome. They look for spikelets in fairly well-lit places: along paths, in clearings, forest edges and clearings among rare deciduous young growth.

The second layer of mushrooms begins 2-3 weeks immediately after the first. In composition, it is much more diverse than the first, but in terms of yield, it is also weak. Lasts 2-3 weeks. Mushrooms appear more often in open places, a little less often in mature deciduous forests.

The third layer can rightly be considered the main and most abundant crop of mushrooms. In terms of diversity, abundance of individuals, in terms of fruiting mushrooms, it is unrivaled. They are collected both in open places and under the canopy of the forest.

In the table above, you can see the average harvest time for a number of edible and conditionally edible mushrooms. Keep in mind that the dates in the table are indicated for the middle zone of the Russian Federation. Therefore, if the forests in which you will pick mushrooms are in more northern areas, then the start of their harvest will be late for a period of 1 to 2 weeks, and the mushroom season will end later for the same period.

If you are in the southern regions, then the mushroom harvest should be expected 1-2 weeks earlier than indicated in the table. It will end 1 to 2 weeks earlier than the specified tabular dates.

What mushrooms grow in autumn

Autumn is the most fruitful mushroom picking season. Autumn mushrooms are harvested not only to fry in a frying pan for lunch. During this period, you can collect mushrooms for harvesting. It depends not so much on the month of the year, but on the weather. If it is suitable, then the yield will be high. The season varies from season to season, so watch the weather.

In the table, all dates are indicative, depend not only on the place, but also on other factors (for example, weather) and may vary from year to year. The signal for the end of the mushroom season late autumn or at the beginning of winter (depending on the locality) is the appearance of carpophores of the late hygrophore. It grows in young pine forests on the soil.

What mushrooms grow in winter

Even in winter, you can pick several types of mushrooms. It would seem that what can be done in the forest in winter ... But winter, as it turns out, is also not a reason to stay at home. Many mushroom pickers are so fond of "silent hunting" that even in winter they go to the forest to find, for example, winter mushrooms. If you know the mushroom places, then you can pick up a basket of mushrooms right from under the snow.

For example, winter mushroom grows on stumps and in hollows of trees, it is able to grow and bear fruit at temperatures approaching zero. It occurs even after frost. In a warm strip, you can collect in February. When the frosts begin to recede for a short period, then during the days of the thaw, you can go for reconnaissance in the nearest forest. There are other winter representatives that you can meet on the site.

As you can see, no matter what time of the year is outside, mushrooms can be found almost all year round. It is more important to watch the weather, because even in autumn, if it is dry, you can come home from the forest with an empty basket. Happy quiet hunting!

Since ancient times, mushrooms have been one of the most popular gifts of the forest among people. But collecting them is not just a way to have fun, this activity requires certain knowledge and experience.

Given that the mushroom season is quite long and lasts (depending on climate zone, weather conditions and varieties woodland) from mid-April to October, many people have a question - when exactly can you start picking mushrooms?

Among the majority there is an opinion that the most best period for "quiet hunting" is the period from August to October, but experienced mushroom pickers know that in fact the season starts much earlier and the spring months are no worse than autumn for this exciting activity. Mushroom picking can be done at any time of the season, the most important thing is to know what time certain types of mushrooms appear and be able to distinguish an edible mushroom from a poisonous one.

What mushrooms can be picked in spring

The first mushrooms that appear between late April and early May are morels. These early gifts of nature are very fond of soil rich in natural minerals, therefore grow predominantly in deciduous forests.

Raw morels are poisonous, and therefore before cooking, they are subject to careful processing. Before cooking, they must be soaked for 30 minutes, after which they are boiled, changing the water at least twice and draining the resulting broth. Only after this morels can be fried and eaten.

After the morels in the forests comes the time of appearance raincoats. This type of mushroom can meet you not only in the forest, but also in sunny clearings and open meadows. Mushrooms got their name because their appearance usually occurs after the rains.

Puffballs are very tasty mushrooms, but cooking and eating these mushrooms possible only on the day of their direct collection.

In addition to morels and puffballs, the first Champignon, the collection time of which continues until autumn.

Champignons are rather unpretentious mushrooms and can grow in almost any soil. In cooking, champignons are used both in soups and salads.

Mushrooms that can be picked in summer

Despite the fact that the first mushroom pickers begin their "quiet" hunting in the spring, most mushrooms appear in summer. Summer is especially rich in these gifts of nature, during which a fairly large amount of rain falls. Many of these varieties of mushrooms delight us until autumn. So what time of year is mushroom picking? Definitely in summer and autumn.

Mushroom picking in June

The first June species appearing in the forests are boletus, boletus, boletus and porcini mushrooms.

In addition to the above varieties, in June summer flowers appear in large numbers. mushrooms and russula.

July varieties

If the June varieties are mostly used for frying and cooking soups, then the mushrooms that appear in July are already widely used for harvesting pickles.

August gifts

The largest number of all kinds of mushrooms can be found by going to the forest from mid-August. After all, it was during this period of time and almost until mid-October that forests abound with such gifts of nature for every taste and dish.

In addition to the mushrooms that were listed above in the forest new varieties appear.

Basic collection rules

In order for not only the trip to the forest itself, but also the forest harvest collected during the "silent hunt" to subsequently bring a lot of pleasure in the form of various dishes and preparations, you need to know what time mushrooms are harvested and follow a few rules.

When going to the forest, be sure to take a knife with you to carefully cut off the trophies found without damaging the main mycelium, a long search stick, as well as a basket or basket, in which it is most convenient to collect and transport the found crop.

In addition, it does not hurt to take a small set of medicines and first aid supplies with you. medical care(bandage, cotton wool, iodine), as well as a fully charged cellular telephone, a small supply of water and provisions.

Autumn is the best time to pick mushrooms. Of course, they grow both in summer and spring, and some species even in winter. But the most correct mushroom is autumn. At what temperature do mushrooms grow in autumn? To answer this question, you must first figure out what kind of weather these gifts of the forest love.

Seasonal features of mushroom growth

Fungi are complex organisms. Their main part - mycelium or mycelium - is hidden from view by a layer of forest humus, and only fruiting bodies appear on the surface, which attract mushroom pickers. Mycelium grows all year round, so answering the question of at what temperature mushrooms grow in autumn is not easy.

Along with moisture, one of the most important conditions for fruiting for most species is warm earth. Therefore, the first mushrooms appear in the spring. In April-May, when the clearings cleared of snow, clearings and forest fires warm up, morels and lines appear. It is they who open the mushroom season, and then other mushrooms pick up the baton.

Toward the end of May and early June, after warm rains, the first flywheels, boletus, and even white ones appear. But these are only scouts, the main layer will be later, when the rye is harvested. By the way, these mushrooms are popularly called - spikelets.

Aspen mushrooms, or as they are also called, krasoviki, redheads, appear a little later, when the aspen has faded. At the same time, multi-colored russula hats peek out from the grass, and, like orange beads, cheerful flocks of chanterelles scatter in the moss.

But the summer layers are short - a week, at best two, and the mushrooms disappear, as if they were not there. And a real mushroom will grow only in autumn, when the birch braids begin to turn golden and splash purple on the foliage of aspens.

mushroom growth calendar

In order to elucidate this issue in as much detail as possible, we will use visual material. Below is a table that will tell you when and for which "beast" it is better for lovers of "quiet hunting" to go into the forest.

autumn forest mushrooms

Almost all species grow in autumn summer mushrooms, but new ones also appear, those for which it is too hot in summer. This, for example, autumn honey agaric, greenfinch, rowing and others. Moreover, in autumn, mushroom growth is most intensive, since they do not like heat, and in order for the fruiting body of most species to begin to develop, 5-10 ° C is enough. The temperature at which mushrooms grow in autumn affects the rate of their development: than lower degrees, the slower they grow.

However, not only temperature indicators are important, but also humidity. If the autumn is dry, then you can not count on a good "catch" of mushrooms. However, they do not like long rains. An experienced mushroom picker will see how another bad weather splashes on the roads in puddles, and sighs contritely: “Oh, the mycelium will get wet!” The mushroom picker, of course, will not get wet, it will remain under a dense forest litter of fallen needles and moss, but there really may not be mushrooms.

But light frosts, which are not uncommon in autumn, are not afraid of mushrooms. Sometimes on a cold October morning in the forest you can find literally frozen redheads, butterflies, honey agaric. When determining at what temperature mushrooms grow in the forest in autumn, one should be guided by the average daily values, since the heating of the soil during the day plays an important role.

When the frost hits

Few of these forest dwellers can survive a severe frost, and most mushroom pickers believe that the season ends in November. But it's not.

One of the most cold-resistant mushrooms is mushrooms. best temperature for their growth varies in the range of +8 ... +12 ° C. Their cheerful families grow in the forest even after severe frosts. At what temperature do mushrooms grow in autumn? for example, can be found in sub-zero temperatures, even under snow.

Winter oyster mushroom is also not afraid of frost, which can be harvested not only in November, but also in January.

Conditions for the growth of porcini mushrooms

No matter how full the mushroom picker's basket is, his luck is judged primarily by the number of porcini mushrooms.

White, or, as it is also called, boletus, is a cunning and fastidious mushroom. Sometimes you have to go around half the forest in order to attack the mushroom place. But if the conditions are suitable, then on a small patch you can pick up more than a dozen strong mushrooms.

And at what temperature do porcini mushrooms grow in autumn? First, we note that for white it is not so much the state of the air that is important as the ground. Optimum temperature soil for it is 15-16 degrees Celsius.

But as for the air, the conditions for growth in summer and autumn are different. In summer, mushrooms do not like excessive dampness and prolonged rains and prefer temperatures of +18 ... +20 ° C. Therefore, they hide in moss and under the thick paws of fir trees, where it is not very hot.

But already in the second half of September, the weather rarely indulges in warmth. At what temperature do mushrooms grow in autumn? Starting from September, the optimal mode for the growth of porcini mushrooms will be 10-15 degrees Celsius. Moreover, night frosts do not interfere with them at all. The main thing is that during the day the air and soil warm up.

When to collect boletus in the fall

Boletus boletus, especially young and strong, are in no way inferior to white ones - even boil, even dry, even fry. And if they go in a layer, then you can pick them up in a relatively small forest, more than one bucket.

According to popular belief, the first boletus trees appear when the mountain ash blooms, and then all summer long they do not leave forest glades and birch groves. Unless, of course, the summer turned out to be too hot and dry. But the summer boletus has one drawback - it really loves this one delicious mushroom worm. So the mushroom picker has to reluctantly throw away one mushroom after another.

In autumn, the boletus is clean and strong. And besides, their special appearance appears - with a thick leg and a dark hat, which practically does not differ in taste from white. Finding it, however, in the fallen leaves is not easy. But if one is caught, then around it you can find a dozen more.

At what temperature do mushrooms grow in autumn (boletus)? they have almost the same as the whites. For a boletus, 10-12 degrees of heat is quite enough, only these mushrooms love wetter weather, and not prolonged rains, but thick autumn fogs. And if the autumn is dry, then the boletus must be sought in humid places, in the lowlands and even in the swamp.

A good mushroom picker knows at what temperature mushrooms grow. In the autumn in the forest, he will quickly pick up a basket, or even get a bag - do not leave white and oily, boletus and boletus, milk mushrooms and volushki under the trees and birch trees! And if mushrooms are attacked, then no packages may be enough.

In 2019, mushrooms pleased with their harvest almost from spring. Autumn is approaching, which means that mushrooms will begin to grow with renewed vigor in the forests of the Moscow region. Let's find out what mushrooms you can pick in the Moscow region in the fall.

In August, the mushroom season traditionally begins in the Moscow Region, and lovers of "silent hunting" go to the forest. Noble mushrooms grow in the forests near Moscow - porcini, boletus and boletus, as well as chanterelles, russula, boletus, milk mushrooms, in autumn there are a lot of mushrooms. Experienced mushroom pickers know the most mushroom places and railway directions, where it is best to pick mushrooms. In our article, we will share their experience with you.

Mushrooms in the Moscow region in 2019, where to look and what

The top of the Moscow region for mushrooms, as a rule, is stingy. Usually, while the southerners carry full baskets out of the forest, the inhabitants of the north are content with rare specimens in their sacks.

A novice mushroom picker must know that the mushroom year begins in April and ends in the second half of October. Please note that each mushroom grows at a certain time, and not all the time. Therefore, if you are specifically targeting mushrooms or russula, then first you need to look at the calendar of mushrooms, specify the months when they grow.

Mushroom calendar for April

April — the most difficult month for mushrooms, fixes the mushroom calendar. At such a time, there are still frosts very often, so not all mushrooms are able to survive frosts, snow and cold. Only the most resilient survive. Mushrooms appear around mid-April. You can find morels in the thick of the forest, exactly where the snow still lies. They grow in open areas where most of the sunlight. But oak and pine forests will surely please you with cinder lines and omphalia.

Mushroom calendar for May

May also does not particularly please mushroom pickers with an abundance of its gifts, according to the mushroom calendar. This is the month when mushrooms are just getting ready for their summer and bountiful season. But, if you try hard, then deep in the forest you can find morel caps and stocky lines. The end of May will please mushroom pickers more, since during this period there is a high probability of finding butterflies and chanterelles. Of course, the bulk of this type of mushroom will appear a little later, but if you are so impatient, then you have the opportunity to find such pioneer mushrooms.

Mushroom calendar for June

In June, according to the mushroom calendar, there is folk omen: If the strawberries have already turned red in the grass, and the mountain ash and viburnum have already covered with flowers, then you can safely go in search of russula. Finding them will not be difficult, as they are located in open places, and do not hide from anyone. In mid-June, you can safely go to the collection of boletus, butter and mossiness mushrooms. The end of the month will generously please you with strong men, mushrooms and loaders.

Mushroom calendar for July

July, as the mushroom calendar records, is one of the least successful months for a mushroom picker. There is little rain during this period, and the scorching sun simply does not allow mushrooms to grow and develop normally. Therefore, during this period, you should not hope for a special harvest of mushrooms. But, nevertheless, if rainy weather has set in, then you can safely go to the forest in search of boletus, boletus and oil, according to the mushroom calendar.

Mushroom calendar for August

August is one of the most favorable months for mushroom pickers, according to the mushroom calendar. The heat subsides, the night mists become more frequent, and the dew becomes more abundant. In the forests you can find a huge amount of oil. Also, you will definitely be lucky to see autumn mushrooms and Polish mushrooms. Mushroom mushrooms are a real gift for a mushroom picker who went to the forest in August.

Mushroom calendar for September, October

September and October are cold months, in which it is already difficult to find a large number of mushrooms, but still worth trying. The mushroom calendar notes that if you show perseverance and perseverance, you can please yourself with russula, goats and greenfinches.

Mushrooms in the Moscow region in 2019, the rules for safe quiet hunting

Experienced mushroom pickers know that quiet hunting is not as easy as it might seem. "Wrong" mushrooms can be not only not tasty and cause poisoning, but also death. So that your efforts do not become harmful to you, you just need to stick to simple rules security.

Important mushroom picker rules:

Do not try unfamiliar mushrooms. Neither raw, nor after boiling. Not all types of poisons that may be in the mushroom break down when cooked.
Do not pick old, overripe mushrooms. They can already be poisoned.
Don't pick mushrooms while they are tiny. At this size, an edible mushroom can be confused with a poisonous one.
Do not pick mushrooms that are covered in mold.
Do not pick mushrooms along highways and near industrial plants.
Do not rely solely on the description in the book to identify an unfamiliar mushroom.
Children under 5 years old and people with diseases of the kidneys and gastrointestinal tract are not recommended to eat forest mushrooms.
Clothing for a walk in the forest should be comfortable, made of dense fabric. Ticks can be found in the forest, so it is advisable to wear a hat or scarf, and when leaving the forest, carefully examine open areas of the body, especially the neck and head, as well as outerwear on which ticks can land.
If you combine mushroom picking with a picnic in the woods, wash your hands thoroughly before eating, especially if you have previously held species unfamiliar to you.
And try to treat the forest and all living things in it with respect. Also to inedible and poisonous mushrooms that you meet.