Foundation for the fifth wall of logs. What type of foundation to choose for a wooden house from a log house. Pile foundation

Putting a foundation under a log house with your own hands is a difficult task. The work is quite painstaking and difficult, requiring time. In no case should you rush, and at the same time, allow breaks in work. At the same time, you still need to try to make the foundation monolithic.

First of all, you should take care of the corners of the foundation. There are two options here:

• or put brick cages in the corners so that they are then poured into concrete and remain;
• or make cells not in the very corner, but at a distance of a meter from it, right in the lower log of the walls (so that the corner hangs freely).

The second option is not effective, so it is better to refuse it, since solidity will not work and there is a possibility that the log house can then push through the corners. Let us dwell on the first option, since it will make the foundation monolithic, and, accordingly, more durable.

So, the log house has already been standing on brick cages from the very beginning, they stand securely and will be poured into the foundation. There should be as many cells as there are corners in a log house (4 or 6). Such a calculation should be done in advance, even before laying the log house. To bring the foundation under the house or under the bath, it is necessary, as in the arrangement of any strip foundation, formwork. To do this, you must first remove the entire upper layer earth around the entire perimeter of the future base to solid ground (at least 20-30 cm).
Then we make the formwork in such a way that the foundation protrudes outside and inside the log, by about 10-15 cm.
It is also necessary to lay a strip of roofing material around the entire perimeter of the future base. Ruberoid should be nailed with small nails to the bottom of the logs. Subsequently, it will remain in place, and will play the role of isolation.

For the foundation should be prepared necessary material(cement, sand, rubble, stones, broken bricks, slate, iron bars and pieces of pipes). Everything will work.

Only after completing the entire list of preparatory work, you can be sure that the laying of the foundation for the finished log house will be of high quality. And then you can proceed directly to the filling itself.

To reduce the consumption of concrete mortar, you can use stones, broken bricks, and slate. Large stones or bricks can be laid at the bottom. They must not touch the formwork or each other.
Filling the solution should be carried out gradually, starting from the corner. Only when one area is completely filled and brought to mind, you can move on. Plots are usually taken 1-1.5 meters long.

The induced solution is poured into the formwork up to half and left until it sets. At this time, the next portion of the solution is induced. While kneading is being done, the poured solution will begin to harden. At this time, more stones and broken bricks should be applied to the poured mortar. He will already keep them in place. After that, you can fill the area up to the log itself. After the beginning of the hardening of the poured solution, you can proceed to bring the site to the final state. You need to try to make sure that the solution tightly touches the log along its entire length.
Then you can move on to the next area. If it is not possible to lay the foundation along the log house or the house cannot be completed in one day, then it is necessary to guess so that the last section of the foundation is completed in the evening (as late as possible), and resume work early in the morning. This is necessary so that the concrete does not have time to harden completely.

Houses made of rounded logs are in steady demand due to the successful combination of aesthetic appearance, thermal insulation properties, environmental friendliness, ease of installation and affordable price. A log house is durable if you follow the construction technology and use protective compounds for wood.

In addition, it is important to choose and equip the foundation correctly, otherwise the uneven deformation of the underground base will lead to distortions of the log house. This is fraught not only with jamming of doors and windows, but also with the appearance of gaps between the crowns, the occurrence of cracks in the logs, and the gradual destruction of the structure.

In order to choose the right type of foundation, it is necessary to take into account the characteristics of the soil at the construction site, the level of groundwater, the dimensions of the house (total area, number of storeys), as well as the properties of the foundation structures. There are the following types of foundations:

• slab;
• columnar;
• pile (including pile-screw);
• tape (monolithic, prefabricated).

When determining which foundation is best for a log house, it is important to understand the principles of installation and the performance properties of each type of foundation.

Slab construction

Among all types of foundations, this option is one of the most expensive, since the foundation is a monolithic slab of reinforced concrete. In addition to the high cost and material consumption, the slab foundation makes it impossible to equip the cellar under the house.

However, the arrangement of a monolithic reinforced concrete slab is a practical solution when building a house on a site with swampy or moving soil. The slab foundation is called "floating" because it moves during seasonal ground movements, it prevents the wall structures from deforming due to uneven loads.

Any type of soil is suitable for using a slab base, but in most cases it is impractical due to increased financial costs, given that a log house is characterized by relatively low weight and does not need a reinforced base.

The technology of mounting a slab-type structure includes the following stages of work:

• leveling the site and preparing a pit with a depth of 20-30 cm;
• laying and tamping of sand and gravel cushion;
• installation of a waterproofing layer that protects the sole of the foundation from moisture;
• fixing the formwork along the perimeter;
• installation of the reinforcing cage (two levels of reinforcement, rod thickness 12-16 mm, distance from the ends of the reinforcement to the formwork - 5 cm, fastening with knitting wire, since welding reduces the strength of the metal at the joints);
• pouring a concrete mixture with a uniform distribution of material over the surface;
• removal of air bubbles from monolithic concrete.

It takes 1.5 months for the slab foundation to gain strength; during solidification, the concrete should be covered from precipitation and the hot sun. The thickness of the slab is selected depending on the characteristics of the structure; for a log house, a base up to 30 cm thick is sufficient.

Note:

• The construction of a brick oven in a house with a monolithic foundation is problematic - due to uneven heating of the slab, reinforced concrete will begin to collapse. It is required either to use a reliable heat insulator, or to provide a “window” in a monolithic slab at the design stage for arranging an independent base for the furnace.
• An extension to the house on a monolithic slab should be erected on the same basis - when choosing a different type, there is a high risk of deformation of the extension (and at the same time - the main frame) due to uneven movements of the base.

columnar construction

The columnar foundation is one of the most economical. When choosing such a base, consider the following factors:

• suitable only for stable soils, not prone to frost heaving, with a low level of groundwater;
• the difference in height of the surface of the construction site should be no more than 2 m;
• suitable for the construction of one-story buildings of a small area due to the limited bearing capacity.

The arrangement of the base consists in the preparation of pits for each column with a gravel-sand compacted cushion and a waterproofing layer of roofing material. The depth of the pit should be below the freezing level of the soil.

The columns are located at each corner of the log house, at the intersection of partitions and walls, under jambs, with a step of 1.5-2 m under long walls. The surfaces of the posts should form a horizontal plane.

The columns are made:

• from brick or stone laid on mortar;
• from asbestos pipes(reinforcement is installed inside and concrete is poured);
• from monolithic reinforced concrete;
• from precast concrete blocks.

If the supports are installed in soil that is not prone to movement, a compact log building will last a long time.

Pile, pile-screw foundation

According to the principle of operation, the pile foundation is similar to the column foundation, only special elements designed for high loads are used as supports. The method of driving piles into the ground depends on the type of element. The advantages include the possibility of construction on a site with a large elevation difference, no need to carry out volumetric earthworks.

The advantages of pile foundations include the ability to install on difficult soils. For heavy capital buildings, reinforced concrete piles are used, but the foundation for a log house does not require serious financial costs for the piles themselves and the equipment for their installation, it is enough to use screw piles.

Screw piles are steel pipes with special blades at the lower end for the convenience of immersing the element into the ground. Due to the special coating, the metal is protected from corrosion. In order for the building to stand for a long time, piles with a wall thickness of at least 4 mm are selected and the metal is additionally processed at the border of the soil and the atmosphere - this is the most vulnerable area.

The diameter of the piles is selected depending on the size of the base and the number of storeys of the building, as well as taking into account the characteristics of the soil, otherwise when immersed screw element there is a risk of pipe deformation. A deformed pile incorrectly perceives and transmits loads, which reduces the strength of the foundation.

Screw piles are used on soils of any type (including loose ones), with the exception of swampy and rocky ones. The foundation process includes:

• for installation of piles according to the project;
• digging holes for piles;
• screwing piles using manual devices or a special mechanism;
• control of the verticality of the elements, cutting off the protruding parts in such a way that a horizontal plane is formed;
• welding mounting plates or erecting a monolithic reinforced concrete grillage.

Screw piles - a good option for construction on slopes, on soft soils, in conditions of close water occurrence.

Tape base monolithic

This type of foundation is in demand during construction on gravel, sandy-rocky and sandy soil. The depth of laying the foundation is determined taking into account the tendency of the soil to frost heaving - for heaving it is about 1.5 meters, for non-heaving - 60-80 cm.

The width of the tape must exceed the width of the wall and be at least 30-40 cm. A width of 12 cm or more will make it possible to lay the logs of a wooden floor without cutting into the lower crowns.

The monolithic reinforced concrete tape has a closed contour, the support is provided under the external walls and partitions.

The arrangement of a tape monolithic base provides for:

• site preparation (removal of fertile soil layer, leveling);
• marking and digging a trench, laying a sand and gravel cushion;
• formwork fastening;
• installation of a reinforcing cage made of embossed rods with a cross section of 10-12 mm, fastened with a knitting wire;
• uniform pouring of the concrete mixture and removal of air bubbles.

A freshly poured foundation is protected from drying out in the heat and getting wet in the rain. Strengthening takes about a month.

The advantages of a tape monolithic foundation include: uniform distribution of loads from building structures to the soil, resistance to deformation, cost-effectiveness in comparison with the slab version, the possibility of arranging a cellar.

Strip base prefabricated

A strip foundation for a log house using ready-made reinforced concrete blocks allows you to reduce construction time, since there is no need to mount the formwork, reinforcement cage and wait for the concrete to gain strength. Reinforced concrete blocks are laid on a prepared sand and gravel cushion.

A solution is used to fasten the elements together. The foundation walls of the blocks are built according to the principle of building brick walls - the elements are stacked apart.

The dimensions of the blocks are selected in accordance with the size of the building. For small buildings, it is enough to choose compact blocks weighing up to 30 kg - no construction equipment is required for their laying.

Reinforced concrete blocks with special additives or fillers make it possible to equip a foundation with increased resistance to aggressive traces (for acidic soils) with increased frost resistance.

Conclusion

The foundation for a log house is selected according to the ratio of functionality and cost. Wherein:

• columnar base insufficiently strong and reliable for capital construction;
• a recessed strip base and a monolithic slab are material-intensive options, they are redundant for wooden construction.

The best options are:

• tape base of shallow depth;
• a screw base with or without a grillage (the lower crown of the frame can be laid on mounting platforms on piles, the resulting structure has sufficient rigidity if the recommended step between the supports is observed).

The selected foundation should be mounted, observing the technology of work - the reliability and durability of the foundation depends on this.

Wooden log cabins were used by our ancestors very actively. Centuries have passed. Today, the construction market is filled with many new materials that are superior to logs. But wooden buildings do not disappear from our lives.

Many try to build themselves wooden house.

For its proper construction, a foundation for a log house is needed. It is a very important element in any home. This also applies to its value.

Foundation for a log house wooden house happens tape, columnar and rubble. A deep strip foundation is constructed when the future structure has heavy walls or ceilings. The depth of the foundation is chosen 25-30 cm below the level to which the soil in the area freezes through.

Ideal for building log houses. The depth of its laying is only 50-70 cm. For a bath, 40-50 cm is enough. The main advantage of the strip foundation is that it allows you to equip an underground room in the house without the threat of flooding.

Built for a log house with your own hands, it allows you to save on building materials. But on it you can build only light verandas, frame buildings small size, baths. The material for such a foundation are reinforced concrete piles, wooden poles, metal, asbestos and plastic pipes. IN Lately developers increasingly prefer foundations made of screw piles.

Rubble foundations for assembling a log house have not proven themselves due to high material costs.

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Site preparation

The construction of any type of foundation begins with the marking of the site. The site for the construction of the strip foundation should be flat, with a slight slope for the flow of rain and melt water in one direction.

The first step is to remove the top layer of soil. For further marking use wooden pegs or pieces of reinforcing bars. They are driven into the ground at the corners of the future foundation. A line is stretched between them. It marks the boundaries of the trench under the foundation. The width of the trench exceeds the thickness of the future wall of the log house by 100 mm.

After marking the boundaries of the trench, the corners must be checked with a tape measure and a laser level, if any. The diagonals of the resulting rectangle are measured. They must be equal. The discrepancy in the dimensions of the diagonals should not exceed 20 mm, otherwise the frame may turn out to be crooked.

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Stages of erection of a strip foundation

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Construction of a column foundation

The columnar foundation is reliable and very economical. It doesn't require a lot building materials and waterproofing. Its disadvantage is that it is impossible to equip the basement. It is possible to build such a foundation only on dry soils. Assessing the condition of the soil is quite simple. You need to dig a hole at the construction site. Its depth can be 1-1.5 meters.

If the soil consists mainly of garden, forest or marsh land, it is better to build a strip foundation in this place. If the soil consists of coarse sand, fine gravel, rocky rocks, clay or loam, then on such soil it is possible to build both tape and. If the composition of the soil mainly includes fine-grained sand, quartz and rocky rocks, it is possible to arrange absolutely any foundation on it, including a columnar one.

Poles are installed under each corner of the log house, which are dug in to a depth equal to or greater than the freezing point of the soil. In the intervals between the corner posts, it is recommended to install intermediate supports at intervals of about 2-3 meters. At the bottom of the recesses under the pillars, the same sand cushion is laid as for the strip foundation.

The material for such structures can be glued or profiled beams, galvanized logs that can withstand considerable loads. Such a columnar foundation can be 2-5 times cheaper than a strip one. Ideal for baths and other light buildings. The procedure for the construction of a columnar foundation:

• you need to choose suitable supports. Their diameter should be 200 mm. For each pillar, a hole is dug or drilled. Its depth exceeds the level of soil freezing by 30 cm. Diameter - 250 mm;
• a sand cushion is laid at the bottom of the pit. Its thickness is 20 cm. The sand must be moistened and compacted;
• cut asbestos-cement pipes with a grinder into pieces of the desired length. The length should be such that the pipe rises 40 cm above the ground;
• the pipe is wrapped with a layer of roofing material and lowered onto a sand cushion. 40-50 cm of fine gravel are poured along the edges. Using the building level, the support is aligned vertically. The remaining space inside the pit is poured with pre-prepared concrete;
• to give the support greater strength, 1-2 reinforcement bars are placed inside the column and the cavity is filled with concrete, which is carefully rammed;
• the rest of the supports are installed in the same way.

The manufacture of a foundation is mandatory during the construction of absolutely any structure, another thing is that in some cases it is necessary to make a heavy monolithic foundation, and in some places you can limit yourself to point supports. In this situation, the log house is in the most advantageous position, as it is relatively light and it is not necessary for them to carry out expensive foundations.

An example of a strip foundation for a wooden house

As a rule, a strip foundation is made under the log house from different materials or column base. A specific type is determined by the results of a study of the soil for its composition and basic properties, as well as according to the level of groundwater penetration.

Therefore, before planning the construction of a house, it is better to contact a company that provides geodetic services. The company's specialists not only determine the characteristics of the soil, but also recommend the type of foundation, as well as materials for its manufacture.

For yourself, you still need to know when which foundation for a log house is best used on a certain type of soil:

Pillar base under the log house of a wooden house

The columnar foundation for a log house is easiest to do with your own hands, it does not require waterproofing, since the lower edge of the log house is above the ground. For the same reason that the foundation does not have a bond with the ground, this type of foundation can be used on terrain with complex uneven terrain. And, in comparison with other types of foundation, it requires relatively few materials.

Perhaps one of the significant drawbacks is the impossibility of equipping the cellar.

Regardless of the material of execution, it is approximately the same.

As columns you can use:

• concrete supports poured into formwork from asbestos-cement or plastic pipes;
• brickwork;
• concrete blocks;
• wooden supports made of profiled or glued beams, the use of rounded logs is also relevant;
• screw piles;

The installation of all supports takes place according to the same method, with the exception of screw piles, which do not require drilling, such a pile itself is a drill.

First of all, the marking of the territory is carried out, in front of which the construction site is cleared of the fertile soil layer, and sand is poured into the formed depression.

According to the foundation project, wells are drilled for supports 20-25 cm below the freezing depth of the soil. The pillars should be located around the entire perimeter of the building with a step according to the calculated design. As a rule, this value is 1.5-2 m. The pillars are also located at the corners of the building, at the intersection of the internal walls, in the case of weak logs, they can also be supported with supports.

A drainage cushion of crushed stone and sand is poured into the drilled wells, which is rammed with a metal rod or poured with water.

A support is mounted in the well, depending on what material was chosen, this happens in different ways.

Features of the implementation of various supports for a columnar foundation

From the moment of direct manufacture and installation of the pillars, work is carried out in different ways:

Production of a strip foundation for a log house

The strip foundation is also made of different types material, but the most common is the same concrete solution. Such popularity of concrete is due to its low cost, excellent strength, reliability and durability. won't cause any problems either.

Clearing the area for construction and marking is carried out in the same way as in the manufacture of a columnar foundation. If a basement is planned under the building, the markings are adjusted accordingly.

Along the marked perimeter and under bearing walls trenches break through, taking into account that the marking cord runs strictly in the middle of the ditch.

The depth is determined on the basis of the foundation design, usually a shallow foundation is used for a log house, under which a ditch of 60 cm is needed. Trenches can be dug even with an ordinary shovel if the soil is soft enough. But if there are stony inclusions in the soil, special equipment will have to be involved.

Formwork of the required height is placed in the trench. If it is planned in the project that the base rises above the ground, then the formwork must correspond to this value. After the formwork is installed and fixed with struts, metal reinforcement is placed in it, while the bars are bent at the corners and overlapped.

If it is possible to involve a concrete mixer in the work, the entire perimeter is poured at the same time.

If kneading is carried out by hand, the loaf is laid out in layers. At the same time, each layer is necessarily tamped with the help of a vibrating platform. The last layer is leveled with a spatula and anchors or vertical pieces of reinforcement are installed in it, subsequently they will be a connecting link with a log house.
The concrete is left to pre-set for about a week, after which the formwork is removed.

Although it takes 3-4 weeks for the mortar to dry completely, the log house can be installed a little earlier, thanks to its light weight. In this case, it is imperative to lay waterproofing between the foundation and the base.