Definition of the term "subject". Subject What is the subject

WAYS OF EXPRESSING THE SUBJECT

Expressing the subject with different parts of speech

The most common way to express the subject is nominative form of a noun. This is explained by the fact that the noun, as a part of speech, has a generalized meaning of objectivity, and the form of the nominative case, as the case of the original, independent, is most adapted to expressing the subject of thought. In principle, a noun of any lexical category can be the subject, but there are still some restrictions in this regard. Usually used as subjects nouns with concrete real meaning or abstract but objectified. Nouns that contain an evaluative, essentially predicative value, as a rule, do not act as a subject. Such, for example, nouns as a mischievous person, a scoundrel, a hoarder, a fool, a clever man, a liar, etc., are limited in use as a subject. In sentences like The mischievous man was sitting at his desk; Fool appeared only in the morning the unusual use of nouns in the role of subjects is clearly felt, which is explained by the secondary nature of their function and can only be justified by the conditions of a special context: previously these words were already used as a predicate, the functional quality of which fully corresponds to the semantics of these nouns.

In addition to nouns, the role of the subject is used noun pronouns:

personal: I met her at my friend's (Sol.); There was only one light bulb in the hotel. She flared up when the phone rang caustically (Past.);

indefinite: All someone walks, does not sleep (Past.); And, it seems, in that solitude someone unearthly hid (P.);

negative: Nothing will bring us closer together (L.);

interrogative-relative: Who did not curse the stationmasters (P.); I don’t understand what happened to me (P.).

Pronouns of other categories are used as subjects if they are in the meaning of a noun:

index: It is true that the rooster no longer crows (Kr.); It was in the seventies (L.T.);

defining: So anyone can sing (Ch.);

possessive: Let mine disappear (Ya.T.).

The subject can be any part of speech that can be substantiated or used in the meaning of a noun.

The role of the subject can be numeral:

quantitative: Fifteen divided by three,

collective: Both were busy, it seems, with a serious conversation (L.);

ordinal: One walks, the other drives, the third sings a song (riddle).

Much less frequently used as a subject invariable parts of speech, which in this case functionally replace nouns, - conjunctions, particles, adverbs, interjections, for example: This “if”, referred by him to the past, came true (T.); ... And again you hear "boo-boo-boo" (Ch.); And this “so” is a sharp knife for me (Letter).

In special cases, the subjects can be used forms of words (for example, verbs) intended for other functions: Our most innocent “hello” and “farewell” would have no meaning if time were not permeated with the unity of life events (Past.); Tsvetaevsky's "I know" is poetically more competent than "I see" (S. Wyman). Such unusual forms require reinforcement of their position by defining members.

The subject can be infinitive, which does not receive an objective meaning, retains the meaning of the action, is not substantivized. And therefore, unlike other “substitutes” for a noun in the role of a subject infinitive cannot be defined: To love is happiness!

In the structure of such sentences, word order and the way the predicate is expressed play an important role. Usually the infinitive subject precedes the predicate expressed both by the impersonal predicative word and by the noun. With a predicate expressed by an impersonal predicative word, such an order is the only possible one. The subject is separated from the predicate by a pause, dividing the sentence into two parts: It was scary to approach my brother (M. G.)- the pause before the predicate was scary. This word order is an infinitive subject (one or together with explanatory words), then a predicate after a pause is a sign of a two-part sentence. With a different word order, the sentence easily becomes impersonal, since the infinitive placed after the predicate expressed by the impersonal predicative word falls into a dependent position: It was scary to approach my brother.

If the predicate is expressed by a noun, then the infinitive subject can also be placed in position after a pause, but this word order is felt as inverted, for example: It is a great pleasure to live on earth (M. G.), cf .: Living on earth is a great pleasure (direct word order).

There are also special, contextually determined ways of expressing the subject. They are unusual in the sense that they designate a character or object through its signs or signs, for example: At his call, a small, limping, covered in black tights, with a knife tucked into a leather belt, ran out into the hallway, red-haired, with a yellow fang, with a thorn in his left eye (Bulg.).

The subject expressed by the phrase

Can be used as a subject syntactically non-free phrases. The peculiarity of these phrases is that the main word form in them is lexically indefinite or empty, and the dependent contains a real value ( a pinch of tea, a kilo of sugar). In addition, the phrase can express some aggregates ( grandfather and grandmother, we are with you).

Among the subjects expressed by the phrase, the following stand out:

noun of quantitative meaning combined with a noun in the genitive form: In the yard, near the porch, there was a pair of horses (Shol.); close in meaning to this variety is the subject, which has as the main noun words with the meaning of a group, aggregate: Finally, a crowd of people in gray overcoats fell out into the canopy (M. G.); On the slopes ... bunches of yellow fluffy feather grass (Shol) creep;

numeral, pronoun, adjective in combination with a noun (or parts of speech that replace it) in the form of the genitive plural with a preposition: Each of us dreamed of becoming a geologist; One of the boys returned late in the evening (Ch.);

noun or pronoun combined with the instrumental form of the noun or pronoun: Bazarov and Arkady left the next day (T.); Chuk and Gek looked at each other (Guide.); You and I, as you say, are young, we are good people (T.);

combination of a collective noun (majority, minority, multitude, etc.) with a noun in the genitive case form: Most of the students have already arrived for the session.

Definite-quantitative combinations, indefinite-quantitative and combinations with the value of an approximate amount often act as the subject: four chairs, several students, many books, few nuts, few flowers, about ten schoolchildren, about a dozen notebooks.

Feature of subjects expressing an approximate amount with the help of words about, over, more, less, etc., is the absence of the nominative case form: More than a hundred kilometers were still ahead; About a dozen books read in one gulp.

In addition to syntactically non-free phrases, the role of the subject is also used other inseparable combinations:

geographical names: Cape of Good Hope, Gulf of St. Lawrence, Main Caucasian Range, East European Plain, Military Ossetian Highway, Mineralnye Vody, Bolshoy Kamenny Bridge;

names of institutions, organizations, enterprises: United Nations, State Historical Museum,

names of historical eras and events: Roman Empire, Renaissance;

names of significant dates, holidays: Victory Day, New Year.

Subjects, expressed stable combinations of terminological nature(red currant, geometric figure, verb form), as well as winged expressions such as: Augean stables, Ariadne's thread, Hercules pillars, Aesopian language, Archimedes' lever.

Other combinations of words can also act as the subject, in particular, those that reveal semantic inseparability: It was evident from everything that something was wrong with Shchukar (Shol.).

Along with this, the position of the subject can be occupied by whole predicative units. Being part of a simple sentence as its member, they lose the signs of a separate sentence and acquire the ability to spread in the usual way for the subject, i.e. attach to itself the defining members of the sentence, for example: ... A loud "Thank you, Father Alexei Stepanych!" announced the clearing (Ax.).

The subject in the Evenki language always appears in the nominative case of the singular or plural. In addition to the plural suffix, possessive suffixes can be added to the subject.

The subject can be expressed mainly by a noun and a personal pronoun, as well as by demonstrative, definitive, interrogative, indefinite, negative pronouns, participles, the negation of achins and conditional gerunds. The subject can also be expressed by adjectives and numerals, if they are used in a substitutive role.

Subject - noun

҇inakinmi soma aya bichen. My dog ​​was very good. Edyn sotmarit edyllen. The wind blew harder. Edu, dunneudut, inkit and I am oran. Here, on our land, a good life has come. Kashtanka (ӈinakin gerbin) esive savre beeve icheren. Kashtanka (dog's nickname) saw a stranger.

The subject can be expressed by a combination of a noun or pronoun in the nominative case with a noun or pronoun in the joint case, while the suffix of totality, plurality can be attached to the noun in the nominative case (-a, -e, -o, -i, -e, -e).

Bee asinunmi duduvar bidechetyn. The man and his wife lived in their yurt. Turakiya nyunyakinun guldychetyn, umukendu bidever. The crow and the goose agreed to live together.

Often, however, a noun or pronoun in the joint case is not included in the subject and serves as an object. In this case, the number and person of the predicate corresponds to the word in the nominative case.

Umneken, August nonolderokin, bi Shariknun beyumesinchev. One day in early August, Sharik and I went hunting. Beetken girkilnunmi oldoxoduk dyukane (birdhouse) oran. The boy and his comrades made a house (birdhouse).

Subject - personal pronoun

Esi tyrga bi ayat beyuktem. Today I hunted well. Si iduk amanny? Where did you come from? Agkittu bu gorovo steamboat two alatchechavun. At the pier we waited a long time for the boat. Mit ulleve depchel bichat. We ate meat. Tegemi su lokochovunma odyapgasun. Tomorrow you will make a hanger. Nuӈartyn ulleӈilver nannadin dasta. They covered their meat with a skin.

Subject - demonstrative pronoun

Er minnun surusincheng, tar duduvi emenmucheng. This one went with me, that one stayed at home. Taril gunivkil: soma semtu (semtevche) eriӈisun (pektyrewunnun). Those (they) say: this is your (gun) very rusty. Tariiiv (moty), chorolisinix, bururen. That my (elk), turned over, fell.

The demonstrative pronoun, being an independent member of the sentence - subject or object, can have possessive suffixes, as, for example, in the words: eriӈisun it's yours tariiiv that one is mine etc., forming demonstrative-possessive pronouns.

Subject - definitive pronoun

Dolboltono upkat email. Everyone came in the evening. Ketedytyn echetyn mine sare. Many of them did not know me. Khadyltyn hutelnunmer emachel. Some of them came with children. Meneker urikittulever ulleve nisuchetip. They themselves took the meat to the camp.

Subject - interrogative pronoun

Ӈi er beeve tagren? Who recognized this person? Ekun hottorondu bisin? What's on the path?Ӈil laudulav tuksasina? Who ran to my trap (ran)? Ekur er potadu bisi? What's in this bag?

Subject - indefinite and negative pronouns

Gorolo ekun-mal ichevren. Something seemed far away.Ӈi-vel avunmav bakaran. Someone found my hat.Ӈi-de eche emenmure, upkat havalnasina. No one stayed, everyone went to work.

Subject - noun

Umukentyn ulumilen bichen. One of them was a good squirrel hunter. Ilantyn dudun emenmuchel. Three of them remained in his yurt. Edu dygin havaldyaatyn. Here four (four) will work.

Subject - adjective

Hegdygu boyuktevki ocha. The largest (oldest) began to hunt. Ayatkul premium gara. The best received an award. Sagdagul nyan tatkittula emektevkil. Old people also come to school.

Subject - participle

Ollomidyaril-da, bayumideril-de sobred clubtule emere. Both fishermen and hunters came to the meeting at the club. Emechel upkatva ayat ulguchene. Those who came told everything well. Goyovunӈivcha sekteldu hukledechen. The wounded lay on the branches.

Subject - the name of the negation of achin in combination with a noun (or pronoun)

Sovetskaydu Soyuztu hava achinin achin. There is no unemployment in the Soviet Union. Ke edine achinin oran! Well, the wind has come! Tulile sunee achin mova ivedechen. On the street, a naked man was chopping wood.

Subject - conditional gerund

Diavrademi urgepchu bichen. The boat ride was difficult. Yaіldu duga bidemi so aya. It is very good to live on the loaches in summer. Dukumi nuan biniven aya bimche. It would be nice to write about his life.

Exercise 139

Read. Find the subject in each sentence. Parse it as follows:

1. Etyrken ӈinaktai ure oyolin beyumidechen. 2. Duga bu gorotkudu urikittu bidechewun. 3. Tegemi une alagumni pioneerilnun excursion surudeӈetyn. 4. Yayil oyedutyn imanna bivki. 5. Dur irgichil kitemali huktydere. Ge sagdy, ge - ilmakta. Ilmakta segdenneduvi vavchave eӈnekenme ugadyachan. Sagdy amardun huktydechen. Sagdy irgichi, beelve, ӈinakirva ichekse, ilmaktaduk vanevi gamalcharan. Tariiilvun dyukte halle. 6. İi tarilva icheren? 7. Bi ku҈akarduk khan҈uktam: “Ngi minnun surudeyen, garden havaldavi?” Umuker gune: "Bu surudeyevun". Gil gune: "Bu-de surudeyevun". 8. Tolgokiva irudyari duvun dagadun ilcha. 9. Esi tyrga si munnun kluttule surumches. 10. Misha girkivi gunderiven badechan tededemi. 11. Ele ketedytyn emevkil. 12. Tatkitwun gulen moma.

However, not everyone fully understands what this mysterious definition means. Let's try to fill in the gaps in our knowledge and understand in detail, the predicate and the subject. What parts of speech can they be expressed in? And in what cases are they separated in a letter such as a dash?

Definition

To understand what a predicate and a subject are, it is necessary to understand their definitions.

Subject Who? or What? and denoting the subject that is being discussed in the sentence. Warm weather prevailed throughout the region. In this example, the word "weather" acts as a subject (that is, the subject of speech), and the grammatical features that the other main member of this sentence, the predicate, depend on it.

Predicate- this is one of the main members of the proposal, answering the questions: what to do? what? what's happening? who it(or what's happened) item? It denotes an action that is performed by the subject of speech, its state or sign. In the above example, the verb " established". From the subject, he received such features as the singular and the feminine ending.

Ways of expressing the subject and predicate

This is one of the most difficult questions in this topic. Indeed, in order to understand what the predicate and the subject are, it is necessary to be able to correctly determine them in speech.

Subject

The subject of a sentence can be expressed in the following parts of speech:

• Noun or pronoun (in I. p.). Good weather has set in.
• Adjective, numeral or participle (in I. p.). Seven do not wait for one.
• Composite structures:
• numeral + noun: There were a lot of people in the room;
• adjective + preposition + noun: The best of the athletes did not come to the start of the competition;
• pronoun + adjective or participle: Something light rustled in the air;
• noun + preposition + noun: Elena and her husband came to visit friends.
• Infinitive. Smoking is injurious to health.

Predicate

The predicate in a sentence can be expressed by the following parts of speech:

• verb (simple or compound). Marina dreams of becoming a biologist.
• Noun. Victor is my only love.
• Adjective or participle. How rich is the nature of the Ural Mountains!

Dash between subject and verb

The table below clearly shows in which cases the main members
sentences are separated in writing by this punctuation mark.

It should be remembered what the predicate and subject are, as well as the fact that when they change places in a sentence, they change their functions. My best friend is Julia. Julia is my best friend.

Subject- This is the main member of a two-part sentence, denoting the subject of speech. A general question to the subject is a question that allows you to identify the subject of speech: what does the offer say? Also possible questions: Who? What?

One of the striking features of the subject is the way it is expressed, that is, the morphological categories of words that can perform the function of the subject.

Ways of expressing the subject

This part of the sentence can be either a single word or a phrase.

Subject- one word:

1) words of different parts of speech in the subject meaning :

Noun in the nominative case. For example: It's raining.
- pronoun-noun in the nominative case. For example: I like autumn.
- an adjective in the function of a noun (substantiated) in the nominative case. For example: The bearded man looked up.
- participle in the function of a noun (substantiated) in the nominative case. For example: The seated man raised his head.
- adverb: I'm tired of your tomorrows.
- interjection: “Ay” echoed through the forest.

2) Cardinal numbers in quantitative (non-objective) meaning: Ten is not divisible by three without a remainder.

3) infinitive with an action or state value: Learning is the right thing to do.

The location of the subject, expressed by the infinitive, is not fixed in the sentence (for example, behind the absolute beginning of the sentence);

compare: The right thing is to learn. If in a sentence one of the main members is expressed as a noun in the nominative case, and the other as an infinitive, then the infinitive will act as a subject.

4) a word of any part of speech in any grammatical form, if in the sentence it is judged as a linguistic unit.

For example: go - the form of the imperative mood of the verb; Not is a negative particle.

Subject - phrase:

1. Subject- phraseologically free, but syntactically related phrase:

a) the construction of the structure A with B (nominative case of a noun (pronoun) + c + instrumental case of another noun) with the meaning of compatibility, if the predicate is in the plural:

Brother and sister returned separately- compare: Mother went to the doctor with the child.

b) a word with a quantitative meaning (quantitative numeral, noun, adverb) + noun in the genitive case.

For example: Gone three years. A bunch of things piled up in a corner. I have a lot of work.

c) when denoting an approximate amount, the subject can be expressed by a phrase without the nominative case.

For example: About / up to a thousand people fit in this room. Between five and ten percent of students pass the session ahead of schedule.

d) the construction of the structure A from B (word of the nominal part of speech in the nominative case + from + noun in the genitive case) with a highlighting meaning:

Any of them could do it.
Three of the graduates received gold medals.
The smartest student could not solve this problem.

e) infinitive + infinitive / name (the volume of such a subject coincides with the volume of a compound verb or compound nominal predicate):

be literate prestigious.
Want to become literate naturally.

2. Subject - phraseological unit :Him skillful fingers .

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The main members of the proposal

As you know, proposals, according to the presence of members of the proposal, are divided into non-common and widespread.

Uncommon are called sentences in which there are only main members of the sentence.

Common, are called sentences in which, in addition to the main members of the sentence, there are also secondary ones.

What is sentence members? We will devote several articles to this issue and today we will talk about the main members of the proposal.

Let's take a look at the drawing Who here is depicted and what word speaks of its action.

growls(who?) tiger cub

The subject and the predicate are the main parts of the sentence. They constitute the main part (core, grammatical basis) of the sentence.

The subject is underlined with one line, and the predicate with two lines (see figure).

There are sentences that consist only of the main members:

In addition to the main members, there are other members in the proposal. They are called secondary members of the sentence:

But let us return to the main members of the sentence and talk about what is called the subject and the predicate.

Subject

This main part of the proposal, which is associated with the predicate. He answers the questions of the nominative who? or what?

The subject denotes the subject of speech (thought).

The noun names the subject of speech (thought). The pronoun refers to the subject. The pronoun often replaces the subject expressed by the noun:

From the subject, expressed by an inanimate noun, as well as animate, to the predicate, you can ask a question what is he doing? or what will he do? Actions seem to be attributed to inanimate objects:

(What?) dew drops (what they were doing?) lay on the leaves .

This is the main member of the sentence, which is associated with the subject and answers the questions:

• what does the subject do?
• what happens to him?
• which subject?
• what is he?
• what is he?
• who is he?

Sun (what is he doing?) rises .

Night (what?) was fresh .

The subject only names the subject of speech (thought). The predicate characterizes it by action or sign.

The main property of the predicate is the characteristic of the properties of the subject of speech (thought). To characterize the action, conjugated forms of the verb are used, and to characterize the attribute, nouns, adjectives, and so on, therefore, the predicate is distinguished nominal And verbal .

The verb predicate denotes an action, the nominal denotes a sign.

So, the verb predicate denotes an action - these are verbs in different forms:

The nominal predicate can be expressed by an adjective, a noun:

Let's take a look at the uncommon sentence by the members of the sentence:

Subject – of the year- expressed by a noun, answers the question "what?" ".

Predicate – run- expressed as a verb, answers the question “what are they doing? ".

Thank you for being with us.

1. Homogeneous members of a sentence Homogeneous members of a sentence are members of a sentence that respond to one and.
2. Parts of speech - verb Let's continue the study of parts of speech. This article will talk about.
3. Parts of speech - prepositions and conjunctions Let's continue the analysis of the basic rules of the Russian language in this article.
4. Declension of nouns Changing a word in numbers and cases is called declension. In this one.
5. Text and sentence We compose letters into words, words into sentences, and sentences.

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Members of the proposal

The main members of the proposal

The main members of the proposal- subject and predicate.

Subject

• I sat at the table. (In this case, “I” is the subject, the main character)
• He sheltered from snowfall with a piece of slate. ("He" is the subject)

If there is “-” between the subject and the predicate, then the first part will be the subject.

• Four- even number. ("Four" - subject)
• Even number- four. (In this case, "Even number" is the subject)

• I was sitting at the table. (In this case, “sat” is a predicate that talks about what the subject “I” is doing)
• He took shelter from the snowfall with a piece of slate. ("hidden" - predicate)

Secondary members of the sentence

The secondary members of the proposal include definitions, circumstances, additions.

Definition answers questions (what? whose?)

Circumstance answers the questions of adverbs and participles (where, from where, where, how much, why, why, how, etc.)

Addition answers questions of indirect cases (by whom?, by what?)

Definition

The definition denotes a sign of the subject, that is, we make the question of the definition from the noun.

• Horse princesses(Whose? "Princesses" - the definition.)
• Table wooden(Which one? "From wood" - definition)
• Coffee mexican(Which one? “Mexican” is the definition)

Addition

Addition - an object associated with the action (on which the action is directed, with the help of which the action is performed). The question to the addition is asked from the verb or adverb.

• Take away harvester("Combine" - addition.)
• manage warehouse("warehouse" - addition)

How to distinguish an addition from a definition?

For comparison, the object most often receives the question from the verb, and the definition from the noun. That is, if a word can be asked a question and definitions, and additions, then you need to look at the word from which the question is asked. If this word is a noun, then we have a definition. If the question is asked from a verb, then this is an addition.

Circumstance

The circumstance answers the questions of adverbs and participles.

How to distinguish circumstance from addition?

It should be remembered that an addition is an object, but a circumstance is not an object.

Examples: In these sentences, fireworks, a wedge are not objects, but a mode of action.

• The sawdust flew like fireworks. (How? How? "Fireworks" - Circumstance)
• Geese flew like a wedge (How? How? "Wedge" - Circumstance)

Examples: In this case, the nouns knife and hands denote objects associated with the action.

• She covered it with her hands. (How? What? "Hands" - addition)
• Cleaned with a knife (How? What? "Wedge" - addition)

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3. The main members of the proposal. A dash between subject and predicate. Rules

The predicate is the main member of the sentence, denoting the action,
state or sign of the subject and answering questions
what does the subject do? what happens to him? what is the subject?
what is he? who is he?

The predicate can be expressed by a verb, an adjective,
noun, combination of words:

If the subject and predicate are expressed by nouns in
nominative case, then a dash is placed between them:

The dash is preserved if the predicate is attached to the subject
in words it, here, it means, it means, it is:

The book is a source of knowledge.
Romanticism is the first word that announced the Pushkin period.

A dash is not put if there is a negative before the predicate
particle not:

Lazy hands are not related to a smart head.

A dash is also not put if the predicate is attached
comparative conjunctions like, as if, as if, exactly, anyway, etc .:

Oil is like the black blood of the earth.
A jet plane is like lightning.

Tasks on the topic “The main members of the proposal. Dash between subject and predicate"

Underline the grammar in the sentences.
(By clicking several times on the desired word, select a graphic designation.)

Underline the grammar in the sentences.
(By clicking several times on the desired word, select a graphic designation.)

What does the predicate mean in sentences:

Antip put on a new shirt, girded himself with a belt.

1) The action of the subject.

2) Sign of the subject.

3) The state of the subject. Wrong. Do not click on an empty field. Antip beamed.

1) The action of the subject.

2) Sign of the subject.

3) The state of the subject. Wrong. Wrong. Wrong. Do not click on an empty field. Wrong. Wrong. Vera is the favorite of all relatives.

1) The action of the subject.

2) Sign of the subject.

3) The state of the subject. Wrong. Do not click on an empty field. Wrong. Passers-by looked at them.

1) The action of the subject.

2) Sign of the subject.

3) The state of the subject. Wrong. Wrong. Do not click on an empty field. Wrong. Mission completed. Wrong. Wrong.

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Grammatical basis: subject and predicate

What you need to know

You don't need to know much to understand this section; the ability to determine the grammatical basis is one of the fundamental skills with which the study of the #syntax and punctuation section begins

Nevertheless, it is desirable to have an idea about the following concepts: noun, cases, pronoun, verb.

What will you learn

• What is the subject and how can it be expressed
• What is a predicate and how can it be expressed
• What is a grammatical basis

To lovers of pure knowledge: any work with a sentence begins with finding a grammatical basis. Therefore, you are here.

For those who just want to correctly place commas: in order to isolate parts of a complex sentence and correctly place commas between them, one must be able to determine the grammatical basis. Therefore, you are here.

Passing the exam and the OGE: in order to cope with tasks in syntax and punctuation, it is necessary to be able to determine the subject and predicate, including in very non-trivial cases. Therefore, those who pass exams are also here.

In general, whoever you are, the ability to determine the grammatical basis of a sentence will be useful to you.

Subject

What is a subject?

The subject is the main member of the sentence, denoting the object, the action or feature of which is expressed by the predicate, and answering the questions “who?”, “What?”.

When parsing a sentence, the subject is underlined with one line.

Most often, the subject is expressed by a noun or personal pronoun in the nominative case ( I , You , He , she , it , We , You , They).

Cat jumped on the windowsill. In this sentence, the subject is - cat .

He jumped on the windowsill. In this sentence, the subject is - He .

However, the subject can be expressed in other parts of speech. The subject can be:

1) any part of speech used in the meaning of a noun

Smart won't go uphill smart bypass the mountain.
Asleep did not notice that the train had left for the depot.
Walked towards him three .

2) indefinite form of the verb

Observe for the birds - a favorite pastime of our cat.

3) pronouns of other categories (not only personal, but also relatively interrogative, definitive, demonstrative) in the nominative case

Who feed the cat?
You can't help but love a cat which lives in our house.

Offer. The main members of the proposal

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In this lesson, we will learn that in a sentence the main members are distinguished - the subject and the predicate. The subject and predicate form the grammatical basis of a sentence. Learn to find the subject and predicate in a sentence and underline them.

Repetition of knowledge about the proposal

We already know that in a sentence all the words are related in meaning.

The sentence expresses a complete thought.

The beginning of a sentence is capitalized.

Depending on the intonation of the sentence, there are:

• exclamatory: How good it is in the forest!
• non-exclamatory: It's a good weather today.

According to the purpose of the statement are:

• narrative: Children go to school.
• interrogative: How old are you?
• incentive: Pass the book, please.

Rice. 1. Types of offers

Sentences are made up of words. Today we will find out which of them are called the main ones and why.

The main members of the proposal

Let's read the sentence: Fluffy kitten playing on the floor.

Rice. 2. The kitten is playing

Who is this proposal talking about? About the kitten. What is the kitten doing? plays. Let's close the word kitty. Let's read the offer. Fluffy plays on the floor. The meaning is not clear. Who is playing on the floor? Now let's close the word. plays. Let's read the offer. Fluffy kitten on the floor. What he does is unknown. Words kitten plays express the main meaning of the whole sentence. These are the main members of the proposal. The main members of a sentence are the subject and the predicate.

Rice. 3. The main members of the proposal (Source)

Remember: subject names who or what the sentence is talking about, and answers the questions “who?”, “What?”. When parsing a sentence, it is underlined with one line.

For example: Schoolchildren read books. What is the proposal about? About schoolchildren. Who - pupils- subject, underline with one line. What are the students doing? Read. This is the second main member of the sentence - the predicate. Emphasized by two lines. Schoolchildren read books.

Remember: predicate- the main member of the proposal. Names what is said about the subject, answers questions what to do? what to do? When parsing a sentence, it is underlined by two lines.

We learned that in a sentence the main members are distinguished - the subject and the predicate. The subject and predicate form the grammatical basis of a sentence.

Rice. 4. The grammatical basis of the sentence (Source)

Consolidation of knowledge in practice

And now we will complete tasks that will help us consolidate the knowledge gained.

We write out the grammatical basis of the sentences and underline the subject and predicate.

Spring has come. Ringing streams ran across the land. Birds sang on the branches. The first blades of grass appeared on the thawed patches.

Let's check the correctness of this task.

Spring has come. The predicate has come, the spring is the subject.

The streams ran. Brooks - subject, ran - predicate.

The birds sang. They sang - the predicate, the birds - the subject.

Weeds appeared. Appeared - the predicate, blades of grass - the subject.

Insert a suitable subject.

The cold north __________ is blowing. White _________ fall to the ground. Fluffy ________ jumps from branch to branch in the forest.

Words to insert: squirrel, wind, snowflakes.

A cold north wind is blowing. White snowflakes fall to the ground. A fluffy squirrel jumps from branch to branch in the forest.

Let's make sentences from these words. Find the grammatical basis in each sentence and underline it.

Crow, sitting on, a branch, black.

Gray, gnaws, carrots, hare, delicious.

Apples, on, ripe, apple tree, red.

Coat, hanging, hanger, on, baby.

One of the answer options:

A black crow sits on a branch.

Proposal basis: crow sitting .

A gray hare gnaws a delicious carrot.

Proposal basis: hare gnaws .

Red apples ripened on an apple tree.

Proposal basis: The apples are ripe .

A child's coat is hanging on a hanger.

Proposal basis: coat hanging .

In the next lesson, we will learn which members of the sentence are called secondary, learn how to find them in the sentence, highlight them with underlining. Let's talk about common and non-common offers.

1. Klimanova L.F., Babushkina T.V. Russian language. 2. - M.: Education, 2012 (http://www.twirpx.com/file/1153023/)
2. Buneev R.N., Buneeva E.V., Pronina O.V. Russian language. 2. - M .: Balass.
3. Ramzaeva T.G. Russian language. 2. - M .: Bustard.

1. Festival of Pedagogical Ideas "Open Lesson" (Source).
2. Uchitelu.net (Source).
3. 4stepeni.ru (Source).

• Klimanova L.F., Babushkina T.V. Russian language. 2. - M .: Education, 2012. Part 2. Do ex. 171 p. 125.
• Highlight the grammatical bases in these sentences. What fairy tale begins?

1. Grandfather planted a turnip. 2. A big, big turnip has grown. 3. Grandfather went to pick a turnip.

• * Using the knowledge gained in the lesson, make 5 sentences for the picture. Underline the subject and predicate.

Rice. 6. Leopold the cat and mice (Source)

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